三、2011年的工作綜述
III. Work for 2011
2011年，是“十二五”開(kāi)局之年，做好今年的工作對(duì)于完成“十二五”各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。過(guò)去一年，我們的各項(xiàng)工作取得了很大成績(jī)。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)10.3%，居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅控制在3.3%，城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1168萬(wàn)人，國(guó)際收支狀況有所改善。這為做好今年的工作打下了良好基礎(chǔ)。
The year 2011 is the first year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, and it is pivotal for us to do a good job this year in order to accomplish all the tasks and objectives set forth in the plan. Last year, we achieved significant results in all our work. GDP rose by 10.3%; the increase in the CPI was held in check at 3.3%; 11.68 million new urban jobs were created; and the balance of payments situation improved. All of this laid a good foundation for our work this year.
今年，我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨的形勢(shì)仍然極其復(fù)雜。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)將繼續(xù)緩慢復(fù)蘇，但復(fù)蘇的基礎(chǔ)不牢。發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)乏力，失業(yè)率居高難下，一些國(guó)家主權(quán)債務(wù)危機(jī)隱患仍未消除，主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體進(jìn)一步推行寬松貨幣政策，全球流動(dòng)性大量增加，國(guó)際大宗商品價(jià)格和主要貨幣匯率加劇波動(dòng)，新興市場(chǎng)資產(chǎn)泡沫和通脹壓力加大，保護(hù)主義繼續(xù)升溫，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更加激烈，不穩(wěn)定不確定因素仍然較多。我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中一些長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題和短期問(wèn)題相互交織，體制性矛盾和結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題疊加在一起，加大了宏觀調(diào)控難度。我們要準(zhǔn)確判斷形勢(shì)，保持清醒頭腦，增強(qiáng)憂患意識(shí)，做好應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的準(zhǔn)備。
This year, our country still faces an extremely complex situation for development. The world economy will continue to recover slowly, but the foundation for recovery is not solid. Economic growth in developed economies is weak, their unemployment rates are and will remain high, and some countries are still under the threat of their sovereign debt crises. Major developed economies have further eased monetary policies, global liquidity has increased greatly, the prices of major commodities and the exchange rates of major currencies have become more volatile in the international market, asset bubbles and inflationary pressure have grown in emerging markets, protectionism continues to heat up, competition in the international market is becoming more intense, and there are still many unstable and uncertain factors. Some long-term and short-term problems in our country's economic activities are intertwined, and institutional incongruities and structural problems are stacked up together, making our macro-control more difficult. We need to correctly judge the situation, keep our heads clear, be more mindful of potential dangers, and be prepared to respond to risks.
今年國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)是：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)8%左右；經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化；居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格總水平漲幅控制在4%左右；城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬(wàn)人以上，城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4.6%以內(nèi)；國(guó)際收支狀況繼續(xù)改善?？偟目紤]是，為轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境，引導(dǎo)各方面把工作著力點(diǎn)放在加快經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、提高發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益上，放在增加就業(yè)、改善民生、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧上。
The major targets for this year's national economic and social development are as follows: to increase GDP by around 8%, further optimize the economic structure, keep the CPI increase around 4%, create more than nine million new urban jobs, keep the registered urban unemployment rate at 4.6% or lower, and continue to improve the balance of payments situation. Our main purpose is to create a good environment for transforming the pattern of economic development, and to guide all sectors to focus their work on accelerating economic restructuring and raising the quality and results of development as well as on increasing employment, improving the people's wellbeing and promoting social harmony.
實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo)，要保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的連續(xù)性、穩(wěn)定性，提高針對(duì)性、靈活性、有效性，處理好保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，更加注重穩(wěn)定物價(jià)總水平，防止經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)大的波動(dòng)。
To achieve the above targets, we need to maintain continuity and stability in our macroeconomic policies; make them more targeted, flexible and effective; correctly strike a balance between maintaining steady yet rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations; pay more attention to maintaining overall price stability; and prevent large economic fluctuations.
繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策。保持適當(dāng)?shù)呢?cái)政赤字和國(guó)債規(guī)模。今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字9000億元，其中中央財(cái)政赤字7000億元，繼續(xù)代地方發(fā)債2000億元并納入地方預(yù)算，赤字規(guī)模比上年預(yù)算減少1500億元，赤字率下降到2%左右。要著力優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，增加“三農(nóng)”、欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)、民生、社會(huì)事業(yè)、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、科技創(chuàng)新等重點(diǎn)支出；壓縮一般性支出，嚴(yán)格控制黨政機(jī)關(guān)辦公樓等樓堂館所建設(shè)，出國(guó)（境）經(jīng)費(fèi)、車(chē)輛購(gòu)置及運(yùn)行費(fèi)、公務(wù)接待費(fèi)等支出原則上零增長(zhǎng)，切實(shí)降低行政成本。繼續(xù)實(shí)行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅。依法加強(qiáng)稅收征管。對(duì)地方政府性債務(wù)進(jìn)行全面審計(jì)，實(shí)施全口徑監(jiān)管，研究建立規(guī)范的地方政府舉債融資機(jī)制。
We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy. We will keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels. This year, we are projecting a deficit of 900 billion yuan, which consists of a 700 billion yuan central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets. This deficit is 150 billion yuan less than budgeted last year, and the deficit will decrease to around 2% of GDP. We need to focus on optimizing the structure of expenditures. We need to increase expenditures in key areas, such as agriculture, rural areas, and farmers; underdeveloped areas; the people wellbeing; social programs; restructuring; and scientific and technological innovation.
We need to decrease ordinary expenditures; strictly control expenditures of Party and government bodies on office buildings and other facilities; keep the budgets for travel abroad, the purchase and operating costs of motor vehicles, and official entertainment at their present level in principle without any increase; and genuinely decrease administrative costs. We will continue to implement structural tax reductions. We will strengthen tax collection and administration in accordance with the law. We will comprehensively audit local government debt, carry out complete oversight and control, and establish a standardized financing mechanism for local governments to borrow money.
實(shí)施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。保持合理的社會(huì)融資規(guī)模，廣義貨幣增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)為16%。健全宏觀審慎政策框架，綜合運(yùn)用價(jià)格和數(shù)量工具，提高貨幣政策有效性。提高直接融資比重，發(fā)揮好股票、債券、產(chǎn)業(yè)基金等融資工具的作用，更好地滿足多樣化投融資需求。著力優(yōu)化信貸結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)商業(yè)銀行加大對(duì)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的信貸支持，嚴(yán)格控制對(duì)“兩高”行業(yè)和產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩行業(yè)貸款。進(jìn)一步完善人民幣匯率形成機(jī)制。密切監(jiān)控跨境資本流動(dòng)，防范“熱錢(qián)”流入。加強(qiáng)儲(chǔ)備資產(chǎn)的投資和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，提高投資收益。
We will implement a prudent monetary policy. We will keep financing from all sources at an appropriate level, and we have set a target of a 16% increase in the broad money supply (M2). We will improve our policy framework for comprehensively exercising caution and utilize the tools of prices and quantity in an integrated manner to make our monetary policy more effective. We will increase the proportion of direct financing, and make full use of financing tools such as stocks, bonds and private equities to better satisfy the diverse demands for investment and financing.
We will strive to optimize the credit structure, guide commercial banks to increase credit support to key areas and weak links, and strictly control loans to industries that consume large quantities of energy and resources, are highly polluting or have excess capacity. We will further improve the mechanism for setting RMB exchange rates. We will closely monitor and control cross-border capital flows and prevent the influx of hot money. We will strengthen investment management and risk management over our foreign exchange reserves and increase the returns on our investments.
（來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng) 編輯：崔旭燕）
