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巴黎的出租車大戰(zhàn)

Taxi wars erupt in Paris

中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2014-01-26 09:45

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巴黎的出租車大戰(zhàn)

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Paris's taxi drivers are up in arms at a new breed of upstart minicabs who eschew the traditions of being rude and elusive.

Taxi wars have erupted in Paris as the monopoly long enjoyed by the Frenchcapital's notoriously protectionist cabbies is being challenged by a new breed of bookable minicabs.

Parisian taxi drivers get a bad press for being rude, playing loud music, almost never accepting credit cards and turning up for a booked ride with €10 already on the meter. They are also notoriously hard to find.

Standing in a long queue at a taxi rank outside the Opera Garnier, one irate Parisian watched a string of cabs with the red "taken" light on their roof drive past, and exclaimed: "Taxis, taxis all around, but where's one when you need one."

Martin Pietz, a German Paris-based photographer, said: "One or two drops of rain and there are no taxis at all. When you do stop one, they can be very rude and if it it's not on their way home or to lunch they often say: 'Take another one, I'm busy.'

With just 18,000 vehicles, Paris' taxi fleet has remained virtually unchanged since the 1950s, while London's has swelled to around 23,000 black cabs and 40,000 minicabs.

Despite the clear dearth, Paris' powerful taxi lobby has successfully fought off repeated attempts to deregulate the industry and bring in minicabs - usually by bringing the capital's main ring road to a total halt.

Charles de Gaulle threw in the towel in 1958 after a two-day strike. Right-wing president Nicolas Sarkozy capitulated in 2008 after a drivers staged a three-day "operation escargot".

Now, however, the undisputed reign of "le taxi parisien" is under threat due to a recent change to the law liberalising so-called "tourist vehicles with chauffeurs", or VTCs - the French equivalent of minicabs.

Yan Hasco?t, the 29-year old CEO of www.chauffeur-prive.com, started with 20 cars 18 months ago and business is booming. He now has a fleet of 320 vehicles, a client base of 15,000 and is seeing 15 per cent week on week growth.

"Our drivers are dressed in a suit and red tie, they open the door, make you feel at home in the car, doesn't blast their own music and don't talk unless talked to – just basic service which is hard to find in France," he told the Daily Telegraph.

VTCs work on reservations and cannot be hailed in the street. But the advent of smart phone applications using global positioning means cars can turn up almost at once, enraging taxi unions which accuse them of bending the rules.

"We have to pay 240,000 euros for a new taxi licence, and have a strict area where can work, while they pay just 100 euros to work where they want and can do what they like," said Jean-Michel Rebours, Defence of Paris Taxis Union, UDIP.

To stop this, taxi unions are calling for on the government to impose a 15-minute delay between when a customer books a minicab and its arrival.

Minicab companies say the 15 minute rule is an attempt to kill off competition. "How can we tell our customers to wait another eight minutes when their car has already arrived?" said Mr Hascoet.

With a decision expected in the coming weeks, experts said the taxi lobby will pull out all the stops to get its way.

"The French government is frightened of Paris' taxi drivers, and has a similar relationship with them as French farmers as they protect the big players," said Richard Derbera, author of "Where are taxis going?" and member of the City on the Move institute.

"Almost 20 years ago I said to myself, this is ridiculous, there's no way we can go on like this in Paris. But we have," he added. "France will be the last to change."

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巴黎的出租車司機(jī)最近很惱火,原因是一種新型的微型出租車的出現(xiàn)。這種新型出租車司機(jī)一改傳統(tǒng)租車司機(jī)的粗魯和古怪的毛病。

巴黎的出租車大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)了, 長(zhǎng)期的貿(mào)易保護(hù)政策讓巴黎出租司機(jī)享有稱霸全城的壟斷地位,但現(xiàn)在這種壟斷地位卻受到了一種可預(yù)訂的新型出租車的挑戰(zhàn)。

巴黎的出租車司機(jī)有許多負(fù)面的新聞,行為粗魯,音樂(lè)震耳,幾乎從不接受信用卡,預(yù)訂10歐元的路程,計(jì)價(jià)表早已在跳動(dòng)。而且他們也非常難以找到。

在卡尼爾歌劇院外,一個(gè)出租車站排起了長(zhǎng)隊(duì),一位憤怒的巴黎人看著一連串的出租車車頂亮著“有人”的紅燈呼嘯而過(guò)時(shí),大聲抱怨道:“出租車,到處是出租車,但是你需要時(shí)卻一輛也沒(méi)有。”

馬丁·皮亞茨,一位在巴黎居住的德國(guó)攝影家說(shuō):“如果下了一兩滴雨的話,街上根本沒(méi)有一輛出租車。當(dāng)你攔下一輛出租車時(shí),司機(jī)可能很粗魯,而且如果跟要回家或者要吃飯的司機(jī)們不順路的話就會(huì)遭遇拒載,他們常說(shuō):‘打另外一輛,我很忙?!?/p>

自20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái),巴黎的出租車車輛已經(jīng)大致維持在18000輛不變,然而倫敦早已增至23000黑色出租車和40000微型出租車。

盡管出租車明顯缺乏,但巴黎強(qiáng)大的出租車說(shuō)客已經(jīng)成功的擊退了一些多次試圖解除該行業(yè)管制和引進(jìn)迷你出租車的謀劃-通常是讓首都主要環(huán)路的運(yùn)行完全癱瘓。

1958年,查爾斯·戴高樂(lè)總統(tǒng)在出租車罷工兩天后表示認(rèn)輸。2008年,右翼尼古拉科齊總統(tǒng)在出租車司機(jī)舉行了為期三天的名為“操作食用蝸?!钡牧T工后表示投降。

然而現(xiàn)在,“傳統(tǒng)出租車”的壟斷地位受到威脅,原因是由于最近所謂的“觀光車司機(jī)”,或VTCs——相當(dāng)于法國(guó)的微型出租車自由化的法律變化。

Hasco?t是chauffeur-prive.com網(wǎng)站的CEO,18個(gè)月前,公司剛開(kāi)始時(shí),他只有20輛汽車,但生意興隆,現(xiàn)在,他有一個(gè)320輛車的車隊(duì),15000個(gè)客戶群,而且每周業(yè)務(wù)量見(jiàn)漲15%。

“我們的司機(jī)都穿著西裝,系著紅色領(lǐng)帶,他們會(huì)為你打開(kāi)車門(mén),讓你感覺(jué)像坐在自家的車內(nèi),他們不會(huì)把音樂(lè)放的震耳欲聾,也不會(huì)喋喋不休的說(shuō)話,除非必要的談話——為了基本服務(wù),這在法國(guó)是是很難找到的?!彼嬖V每日電訊報(bào)。

VCTs可以預(yù)定車輛,但不能在路上隨意載客,隨著使用全球定位系統(tǒng)的智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用的出現(xiàn),這就意味著車能很快出現(xiàn)。憤怒的出租車工會(huì)指責(zé)他們扭曲規(guī)則。

“我們必須為一個(gè)新的出租車牌照支付240000歐元,并且只能在規(guī)定的的區(qū)域工作,而他們只需付100歐元就可以在自己喜歡的地方工作,做自己喜歡做的事。”巴黎出租車工會(huì)防衛(wèi)部的讓·米歇爾·勒布爾說(shuō)道。

為了解決這種情況,出租車工會(huì)呼吁政府要實(shí)行一項(xiàng)政策,當(dāng)一個(gè)客戶預(yù)定了一輛微型出租車和在這輛車到來(lái)之前要有一個(gè)15分鐘的延遲。

微型出租汽車公司說(shuō),這15分鐘的規(guī)則是一種試圖扼殺競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的手段?!叭绻蛻舻能囈呀?jīng)到了,我們?cè)趺茨芨嬖V客戶讓他再等八分鐘呢?”Hasco?t先生說(shuō)。

預(yù)期在未來(lái)幾周內(nèi)就會(huì)有決定,專家說(shuō),出租車說(shuō)客將全力以赴讓這項(xiàng)政策實(shí)行。

“法國(guó)政府害怕巴黎出租車司機(jī),相類似的,法國(guó)農(nóng)民保護(hù)他們偉大的球員,”《出租車去哪里》的作者、城市移動(dòng)研究所成員理查德·德伯拉說(shuō)道。

“大約在20年前,我對(duì)自己說(shuō),這是荒謬的,我們不可以繼續(xù)像這樣的活在巴黎。但是我們依然這樣過(guò)下去了,”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)?!胺▏?guó)將是最后改變的一個(gè)?!?/p>

(譯者 肖美玲 編輯 丹妮)

 

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