It's more than likely you know someone who's obsessed with their own image.
你的交際圈中定然有癡迷于自己形象的人吧。

A quick scroll through social media can reveal the narcissists in a constant stream of selfies; you might even be one.
打開(kāi)社交媒體，輕輕滑動(dòng)手指，滾滾的自拍照會(huì)向你涌來(lái)。甚至你本人很可能也是這眾多自戀者中的一員。

Narcissists think they're better, smarter, and more important than the people around them – and they want to be treated as such, experts say.
有關(guān)專家說(shuō)，自戀者通常認(rèn)為自己比周圍人更聰明、更優(yōu)秀、更重要——他們也希望別人能這樣看待他們。

A new TEDEd video breaks down the different types of narcissism, from the obvious to the not-so obvious, and explains how these traits almost always take a turn for the dark side.
TED教育頻道一個(gè)最新的視頻講到，自戀者可被劃分為幾種不同類型，有些人的自戀程度較明顯，有些則不太明顯。該視頻還解釋了這種性格特征為什么常常會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面效果。

Psychologists define narcissism as an 'inflated, grandiose self-image,' and it has persevered through the centuries as a personality trait and, in extreme cases, a psychological disorder.
心理學(xué)家將自戀定義為：“夸張、不切實(shí)際的自我形象”。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，人們一直將它看做一種性格特征，在某些極端情況下，它被看成一種心理障礙。

Narcissists have a tendency to act selfishly, according to the lesson by W. Keith Campbell, and this can present itself in many different ways.
基思·坎貝爾在其講演中指出，自戀者一般都有點(diǎn)自私，并且這種特點(diǎn)會(huì)通過(guò)許多不同的方式顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

According to the expert, 'it's like a disease where the sufferers feel pretty good, but the people around them suffer.'
坎貝爾說(shuō)，“自戀就像疾病一樣，自戀者自我感覺(jué)不錯(cuò)，但周圍人卻因此遭殃?！?/p>

Political leaders or people of power may make risky or unethical decisions as a result of narcissism, while narcissistic partners could be unfaithful and dishonest.
由于自戀，政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者或是有權(quán)勢(shì)的人可能會(huì)做一些冒險(xiǎn)的或不道德的決定。自戀型的伴侶也可能不忠，易出軌。

As a personality trait, narcissism can appear in two forms: grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism.
作為一種性格特點(diǎn)，自戀可以分為兩種形式：浮夸型自戀和脆弱型自戀。

In both forms, however, 'the dark side of narcissism' will ultimately show up over time.
然而，自戀的這兩種形式，最終都會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移，展現(xiàn)出“自戀的黑暗面”。

A much more extreme type of narcissism also exists, and it's classified as a psychological disorder.
還有一種更為極端的自戀類型，它被看成是一種心理障礙。

This is known as narcissistic personality disorder.
即我們通常所說(shuō)的自戀型人格障礙。

Research has linked narcissism to genetics, but it's still unknown which genes actually contribute to this.
已經(jīng)有研究認(rèn)為自戀與基因有關(guān)，但仍無(wú)法得知哪種基因更易導(dǎo)致自戀。

Genes, environment, and cultural setting can all have a hand in fostering narcissism.
基因、環(huán)境、文化背景都可能影響自戀的形成。

According to the expert, narcissism has been on the rise in the United States since the 1970s.
專家談到，自20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)，美國(guó)的自戀人數(shù)一直處于上升態(tài)勢(shì)。

And, while social media hasn't been proven to actually create narcissists, it does give them a new platform to garner attention and admiration.
盡管沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明社交媒體為自戀者提供了滋生的土壤，但它確實(shí)為自戀者創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)贏得別人注意和贊賞的平臺(tái)。

When a narcissist's self-inflated viewpoint is challenged, a person can become aggressive and resentful.
當(dāng)自戀者自我膨脹的觀點(diǎn)受到他人質(zhì)疑時(shí)，他可能就會(huì)變得咄咄逼人、憤恨不滿。

It is possible for narcissists to become more altruistic, the video explains, and this can be done by enrolling in psychotherapy, or practicing compassion.
視頻解釋道，自戀者也有可能變得更無(wú)私，但這可能要通過(guò)心理治療或培養(yǎng)同情心的方式得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

People who exhibit narcissistic traits can improve their behaviour by reflecting upon their own actions or practicing compassion for others.
自戀者通過(guò)反思自身行為或培養(yǎng)對(duì)他人的同情心，可以改進(jìn)自己的行為舉止。

But, becoming less self-absorbed isn't always an easy task, the expert explains.
然而專家稱，要想降低自己的自戀情結(jié)絕非易事。

'For narcissists, self-reflection is hard from an unflattering angle.'
“對(duì)自戀者而言，改變浮夸的想法進(jìn)行自我反思是有難度的?！?/p>

WHAT KIND OF NARCISSIST ARE YOU?
看看你是哪種自戀類型

1. Grandiose narcissists are the most familiar type, the video explains, and these people can be extroverted, dominant, and attention-seeking.
視頻講到，浮夸型自戀者最為常見(jiàn)。這些人性格外向、控制欲強(qiáng)，希望引起別人注意。

These types of narcissists will 'pursue attention and power,' often showing up among political and cultural leaders, and celebrities.
這種自戀者在政治首腦、文化領(lǐng)袖等名人中最為常見(jiàn)，他們“向往別人的注意、追逐權(quán)力”。

This way of viewing oneself can be nurtured by upbringing, especially in situations where parent's put their child on a pedestal.
如果父母將孩子視為掌上明珠，在這種成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境下，就容易培養(yǎng)出這類自戀性格。

2. Vulnerable narcissists are more reserved. People with this trait have a strong sense of entitlement, and easily feel threatened or demeaned by the actions of others.
脆弱型自戀者可能更為矜持一些。他們的權(quán)利意識(shí)更強(qiáng)，別人的一個(gè)無(wú)意之舉，可能就會(huì)讓他們感到自己被威脅或輕視了。

Cold, controlling parents can have a hand in fostering this trait, the video explains.
視頻中說(shuō)，冷漠、控制欲強(qiáng)的父母更有可能培養(yǎng)出有這種性格特點(diǎn)的孩子。

3. Narcissistic personality disorder is a much more extreme form, and is classified as a psychological disorder.
自戀型人格障礙是一種更為極端的自戀類型，它被認(rèn)為是一種心理疾病。

This is more common in men, and affects just 1-2 percent of the population.
這種自戀類型在男性中更為常見(jiàn)，僅占男性總?cè)丝诘?%到2%。

These people also feel a sense of entitlement, and seek admiration and attention, but in a way that is all-encompassing, the experts explain.
專家稱，這類人也有一種權(quán)利意識(shí)，希望得到別人的注意和贊賞，涵蓋方方面面。

A narcissistic personality disorder can consume a person's life.
自戀型人格障礙可能會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的一生。

The video points to the example of a person using their spouse of children as a means to gain attention, over caring for them.
視頻中還舉了一個(gè)例子，講的是一個(gè)自戀者對(duì)孩子的配偶過(guò)度關(guān)心，只是為了贏得他們的注意。

英文來(lái)源：每日郵報(bào)
譯者：心若水
審校&編輯：杜娟