一個(gè)人鼻子的形狀和大小總體上由遺傳決定，但基因并非唯一原因。最新研究指出，氣候條件同樣在人類鼻子外形的演變過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用。

If you are not satisfied with the shape of your nose, blame it on climate, not your parents or grandparents.
對(duì)自己的鼻子形狀不滿意？不要怪父母或祖父母，怪氣候吧。

In a study published this week in the journal PLOS Genetics, researchers from the Pennsylvania State University found that human noses may have been shaped, at least in part, by a long process of adaptation to local climate conditions.
美國賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類鼻子的形狀至少部分是由當(dāng)?shù)貧夂蜷L期塑造而形成的。這項(xiàng)研究本周發(fā)表在美國《科學(xué)公共圖書館?遺傳學(xué)》雜志上。

Generally, wider noses are more common in warm and humid climates, while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climates, it said.
大體上，溫暖濕潤地區(qū)的人鼻子較寬，而寒冷干燥地區(qū)的人鼻子較窄。

The findings were based on an examination of the size and shape of noses on people with West African, South Asian, East Asian, or Northern European ancestry.
研究人員分析了西非、南亞、東亞、和北歐血統(tǒng)的人鼻子的大小與形狀。

The researchers looked at the width of the nostrils, the distance between nostrils, the height of the nose, nose ridge length, nose protrusion, external area of the nose and the area of the nostrils by using 3D facial imaging.
借助3D面部成像技術(shù)，研究人員觀察了鼻孔寬度、鼻孔間距離、鼻子高度與鼻梁長度、鼻子突出程度、鼻子外部區(qū)域、和鼻孔區(qū)域等。

It showed that the width of the nostrils is strongly correlated with temperature and absolute humidity, but not the result of a random process called genetic drift.
結(jié)果顯示，鼻孔寬度與被稱為基因漂移的隨機(jī)過程無關(guān)，而與溫度和絕對(duì)濕度等氣候特征強(qiáng)相關(guān)。

One purpose of the nose is to condition the air that we breathe, to ensure that it is warm and moist when it reaches the lungs, which helps to prevent infections.
鼻子的一個(gè)功能是調(diào)節(jié)吸入的空氣，讓空氣在進(jìn)入肺部時(shí)變得溫暖、濕潤，幫助預(yù)防感染。

The current study found the narrower nostrils seem to alter the airflow so that the mucous-covered inside of the nose can humidify and warm the air more efficiently.
目前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，窄鼻孔可以改變氣流，因此分泌有粘液的鼻腔能夠更有效地濕潤和溫暖吸入的空氣。

"It was probably more essential to have this trait in cold and dry climates," it said.
研究報(bào)告寫道：“這可能對(duì)干冷氣候中的人們更重要。”

"People with narrower nostrils probably fared better and had more offspring than people with wider nostrils, in colder climates. This lead to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator."
“在較寒冷的氣候中，較窄鼻孔的人可能比較寬鼻孔的人過得更好一些，有更多的后代。這導(dǎo)致遠(yuǎn)離赤道的人群鼻子逐漸變窄?！?/p>

The nose has had a complex evolutionary history, however, and researchers suspected that additional factors, such as cultural preferences when picking a mate, have also played a role in shaping the nose.
鼻子演化歷史較為復(fù)雜。研究人員猜測(cè)，可能也有其他因素對(duì)鼻子的形狀發(fā)揮作用，比如對(duì)鼻子大小的擇偶偏好。

Investigations into nose shape evolution and climate adaptation may have medical as well as anthropological implications.
對(duì)鼻子形狀演化歷史和氣候適應(yīng)性的研究也有醫(yī)學(xué)和人類學(xué)意義。

Studies of human adaptation are essential to our understanding of disease and yield insights into why certain conditions, such as sickle cell anemia, lactose intolerance or skin cancer, are more common in certain populations.
人類進(jìn)化的相關(guān)研究對(duì)我們理解疾病，以及深刻了解為什么特定病癥（比如鐮狀細(xì)胞性貧血、乳糖不耐癥、和皮膚癌）在某些人群中更常見非常重要。

The researchers said that it may be worth investigating whether the shape of the nose and the size of the nasal cavity impact one's risk of contracting a respiratory disease when living in a climate that is different from one's ancestors.
研究人員表示，當(dāng)人們生活在與祖先不同的氣候中時(shí)，鼻子的形狀和鼻腔的大小是否能影響一個(gè)人患上呼吸疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這也許值得研究。

英文來源：新華社
翻譯&編審：yaning