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3月新聞熱詞匯總

中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng) 2017-04-06 15:36

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3月份,國(guó)內(nèi)外大事不斷。全國(guó)兩會(huì)舉行,英國(guó)正式啟動(dòng)脫歐程序,韓國(guó)總統(tǒng)樸槿惠被彈劾下臺(tái),李克強(qiáng)總理出訪澳新,等等。

因?yàn)榇饲耙呀?jīng)總結(jié)過(guò)兩會(huì)新聞熱詞,這里就只總結(jié)其他大事件的新聞熱詞。

3月新聞熱詞匯總

網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略 The International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace

The International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace is the first China has released regarding the virtual domain.
《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略》是中國(guó)就網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間問題首度發(fā)布的戰(zhàn)略。

The aim of the strategy -- jointly building a community of shared future in cyberspace -- illustrates China's approach to cyberspace cooperation. Notably one that is based on peace, sovereignty, shared governance and shared benefits.
戰(zhàn)略以構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間命運(yùn)共同體為目標(biāo),體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間合作方面的主張。

中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平曾在2015年12月16日就網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間有如下表述:

“網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間是人類共同的活動(dòng)空間,網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間前途命運(yùn)應(yīng)由世界各國(guó)共同掌握。各國(guó)應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)溝通、擴(kuò)大共識(shí)、深化合作,共同構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間命運(yùn)共同體?!?br/> “Cyberspace is the common space of activities for mankind. The future of cyberspace should be in the hands of all countries. Countries should step up communications, broaden consensus and deepen cooperation to jointly build a community of shared future in cyberspace.”

《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略》全面宣示中國(guó)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間相關(guān)國(guó)際問題上的政策立場(chǎng)(China’s policy and position on cyber-related international affairs),系統(tǒng)闡釋中國(guó)開展網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域?qū)ν夤ぷ鞯幕驹瓌t、戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)和行動(dòng)要點(diǎn),旨在指導(dǎo)中國(guó)今后一個(gè)時(shí)期參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際交流與合作,推動(dòng)國(guó)際社會(huì)攜手努力,加強(qiáng)對(duì)話合作,共同構(gòu)建和平、安全、開放、合作、有序的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間(a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative and orderly cyberspace),建立多邊、民主、透明的全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理體系(a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system)。

彈劾 impeachment

South Korea's President Park Geun-hye has become the country's first democratically elected leader to be forced from office.
樸槿惠成為韓國(guó)歷史上首位被罷免的民選總統(tǒng)。

Judges at the country’s constitutional court unanimously upheld Parliament's decision to impeach her over her role in a corruption scandal involving close friend Choi Soon-sil.
韓國(guó)憲法法院的法官們一致贊成議會(huì)彈劾樸槿惠的決定,她因與密友崔順實(shí)深陷貪腐丑聞而被議會(huì)彈劾。

The court said she leaked many documents in breach of a rule on securing official secrets, and violated the law by allowing Choi to meddle in state affairs, according to news agency Yonhap.
據(jù)韓聯(lián)社報(bào)道,法院認(rèn)為,樸槿惠泄露多份文件,違反了保密規(guī)定;讓崔順實(shí)插手國(guó)家事務(wù)也違反了法律。

“彈劾”(impeachment)是指由法律或憲法設(shè)定的,當(dāng)享有特別權(quán)利(或豁免權(quán))的政府高級(jí)官員或者法官等有特定的違法行為(如叛國(guó),腐敗或與其職業(yè)道德不相符的行為等)時(shí),對(duì)其進(jìn)行刑事追訴的一種程序。

“對(duì)某人發(fā)起彈劾”可以直接用impeach somebody表示,比如:South Korean MPs vote to impeach president,如果想要說(shuō)明被彈劾的原因,則可以說(shuō)impeach somebody over something,那么前面的這個(gè)例句就可以拓展為:South Korean MPs vote to impeach president over corruption scandal。注意,這里的MPs指members of the parliament,也就是議會(huì)的議員們。

憲法法院此番通過(guò)彈劾案之后,樸槿惠就被免職了,很多英文報(bào)道都用force/dismiss/remove her from office表示。

BBC用了一個(gè)更正式的詞:Court ousts South Korea's scandal-hit president。這里的oust常見于各種政治類的新聞報(bào)道,表示“罷黜、把…趕下臺(tái)”,一般都是因?yàn)樽h會(huì)不信任投票或者政變(coup)等政治活動(dòng)將執(zhí)政者罷免。

The ruling will see Park immediately forfeit the executive immunity to criminal indictment she enjoyed as president.
該判決發(fā)出后,樸槿惠之前享有的刑事指控行政豁免權(quán)將即刻失效。

South Korea now has 60 days to elect a new leader, according to the constitution.
根據(jù)憲法規(guī)定,韓國(guó)將在60天內(nèi)選出一位新總統(tǒng)。

脫歐法案 Brexit bill

The House of Lords has passed the Brexit bill, paving the way for the government to trigger Article 50 so the UK can leave the EU.
英國(guó)議會(huì)上議院通過(guò)了“脫歐”法案,掃清了觸發(fā)《里斯本條約》第50條的障礙,英國(guó)可以正式啟動(dòng)脫歐程序。

The bill is expected to receive Royal Assent and become law on Tuesday.
該法案有望在周二獲得女王御準(zhǔn)并正式生效。

去年6月23日,英國(guó)舉行脫歐公投(Brexit referendum),脫歐派占多數(shù),英國(guó)決定脫離歐盟,留歐派首相卡梅倫辭職,脫歐派特蕾莎-梅接任。

之后的脫歐進(jìn)展經(jīng)歷了一波三折。在首相特蕾莎-梅堅(jiān)決表示要脫歐以后,英國(guó)最高法院裁定,英國(guó)政府必須在獲得議會(huì)批準(zhǔn)后,才能啟動(dòng)脫歐程序。

英國(guó)政府隨后向議會(huì)提交了一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的脫歐法案(Brexit bill),尋求議會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。議會(huì)下議院(the House of Commons)2月初投票正式通過(guò)政府提交的“脫歐”法案,并將法案提交至上議院(the House of Lords)。但上議院本月初拒絕批準(zhǔn)這個(gè)脫歐法案,并要求在法案中加入“保障在英居留歐盟公民權(quán)利”(EU citizens' rights to remain in the UK)和“保證議會(huì)對(duì)英國(guó)在何種情況下能夠脫歐擁有更大決定權(quán)”(give lawmakers more powers to reject the final terms reached with the EU)這兩條修正案,要求脫歐協(xié)議在拿到歐洲議會(huì)討論前,需得到英國(guó)議會(huì)的批準(zhǔn);如果談判失敗,政府若要在沒有達(dá)成協(xié)議的情況下脫離歐盟,也須由議會(huì)對(duì)此進(jìn)行表決(British MPs to be given a vote on the deal before it goes to the European parliament, and to be handed a say if no agreement is hammered out)。

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間13日下午,英國(guó)下議院投票否決了上議院提出的修正版脫歐法案(reject the amendments proposed by the House of Lords),上議院隨后也投票表決,對(duì)下議院的決定做出讓步,上下兩院最終就政府最初提交的脫歐法案達(dá)成一致,這也為英國(guó)正式啟動(dòng)脫歐進(jìn)程掃清了最后障礙。

12315互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái) the National Internet Platform of Consumer Dispute Resolution

The State Administration for Industry and Commerce announced on Tuesday that the National Internet Platform of Consumer Dispute Resolution will go into operation on Wednesday, in a move to cater to consumers' growing need to complain.
國(guó)家工商總局14日宣布,全國(guó)12315互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)于15日正式上線運(yùn)營(yíng),以滿足消費(fèi)者日益增長(zhǎng)的投訴需求。

The online platform marks a new era in Internet Plus governance, with the improved quality and efficiency of government services.
該網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)標(biāo)志著“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)”的新時(shí)代,政府服務(wù)的質(zhì)量和效率都將有所提升。

12315互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)(the National Internet Platform of Consumer Dispute Resolution)和原有12315熱線電話(the traditional 12315 hotline)協(xié)同配合,發(fā)揮各自優(yōu)勢(shì),在利用大數(shù)據(jù)加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管(use the big data to strengthen market supervision),營(yíng)造良好市場(chǎng)秩序和安全放心消費(fèi)環(huán)境(creating a market environment featuring fairness and good faith)方面發(fā)揮重要作用。

全國(guó)12315互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái),網(wǎng)址是“www.12315.cn”,手機(jī)APP名稱和微信公眾號(hào)都是“全國(guó)12315互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)”。消費(fèi)者通過(guò)電腦或手機(jī)進(jìn)行實(shí)名注冊(cè)(real-name registration)以后,登錄平臺(tái)就可以在主頁(yè)上看到“我要投訴”、“我要舉報(bào)”這兩個(gè)按鈕。國(guó)家工商總局消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)局局長(zhǎng)楊紅燦表示,對(duì)于投訴舉報(bào),7天之內(nèi)進(jìn)行處理給予消費(fèi)者答復(fù)。

消費(fèi)者在舉報(bào)、投訴時(shí),可以上傳文字、圖片、視頻等證據(jù)材料,比12315專用電話平臺(tái)更加便捷地消費(fèi)維權(quán)(deal with consumer complaints more conveniently)。

國(guó)家工商總局表示,今年年底之前,該互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)還將增加處理跨區(qū)域以及跨境消費(fèi)者投訴的功能(functions to settle inter-regional and cross-border consumer disputes)。

上海掌握教學(xué)模式 Shanghai Teaching for Mastery Programme

HarperCollins Publishers will translate mathematics textbooks from Chinese schools and publish them in Britain, according to its agreement with Shanghai Century Publishing Group.
哈珀?柯林斯出版集團(tuán)與上海世紀(jì)出版集團(tuán)簽訂協(xié)議,將翻譯中國(guó)的數(shù)學(xué)教材并在英國(guó)出版。

Apart from publishing textbooks, Britain will also spread the Shanghai Teaching for Mastery Programme in the country. It is a four-year program backed by 41 million British pounds in funding announced by the British Department for Education in July 2016.
除了出版中國(guó)課本以外,英國(guó)還將推廣“上海掌握教學(xué)模式”。該項(xiàng)目為期4年,英國(guó)教育部去年7月宣布出資4100萬(wàn)英鎊作為支持。

“上海掌握教學(xué)模式”(Shanghai Teaching for Mastery Programme)是英國(guó)教育部支持的“掌握教學(xué)模式”(Teaching for Mastery Programme)項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)分支,指從2014年開始,英國(guó)和中國(guó)上海的中小學(xué)老師交流項(xiàng)目(annual exchange of teachers between schools in England and those in Shanghai)。

該交流項(xiàng)目的主要形式是:

Teachers from England spent a week or two observing how maths is taught in Shanghai schools, and later in the school year host partner Shanghai teachers at their own schools in England for a fortnight or more.
英國(guó)的老師到上海的交流學(xué)校觀摩數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)一到兩周,之后,邀請(qǐng)上海的老師到英國(guó)的交流學(xué)校授課兩周以上。

When the Shanghai teachers are here, their lessons are observed by teachers from neighboring schools in every Maths Hub area, and post lesson discussions take place, in which the lesson design and delivery in un-picked in detail.
上海的老師在英國(guó)學(xué)校授課期間,同屬一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中心的其他學(xué)校老師都可以到課堂觀摩,課后還會(huì)安排討論,交流課程設(shè)計(jì)、授課方式等細(xì)節(jié)。

刷臉出廁紙 facial-scanning toilet paper dispenser

Tiantan Park, home to the iconic Temple of Heaven, is now home to six high-tech dispensers that mete out toilet paper only after conducting a facial scan, The Beijing News reported Sunday.
《新京報(bào)》報(bào)道,天壇公園啟用六臺(tái)高科技出紙機(jī),只有在實(shí)行臉部掃描之后才會(huì)出紙。

The pilot program kicked off recently after authorities faced an increasing number of local residents raiding the park's restrooms for toilet paper.
近期,公園管理處發(fā)現(xiàn)多起當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駨墓珗@衛(wèi)生間掠取廁紙的行為,之后便推出了上述試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。

每部“人臉識(shí)別廁紙機(jī)”(facial-scanning toilet paper dispenser)可以調(diào)節(jié)取紙時(shí)間,現(xiàn)在設(shè)置了同一個(gè)人每隔九分鐘取一次紙(nine minutes of time interval for every dispensing),每次出紙長(zhǎng)度為60-70公分,并由原來(lái)的單層紙改成了雙層紙,符合普通人如廁一般用紙需求。

創(chuàng)新全面伙伴關(guān)系 innovative comprehensive partnership

Chinese President Xi Jinping and visiting Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced in Beijing on Tuesday an innovative comprehensive partnership between both countries.
國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平與到訪的以色列總理內(nèi)塔尼亞胡21日在北京宣布,雙方建立創(chuàng)新全面伙伴關(guān)系。

The establishment of this partnership will boost innovation cooperation and bring more benefit to the two peoples, Xi said.
習(xí)近平表示,兩國(guó)建立創(chuàng)新全面伙伴關(guān)系將進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)中以創(chuàng)新合作,為兩國(guó)人民帶來(lái)更多好處。

《中華人民共和國(guó)和以色列國(guó)關(guān)于建立創(chuàng)新全面伙伴關(guān)系的聯(lián)合聲明》提出,中國(guó)作為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó),正在實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略(the innovation-driven development strategy),以色列在創(chuàng)新、研發(fā)領(lǐng)域具有全球公認(rèn)的領(lǐng)先地位(world-renowned and leading country in innovation, research and development)。繼續(xù)深化中以合作仍有巨大潛力,雙方在相互尊重和平等基礎(chǔ)上致力于開拓和深化創(chuàng)新合作符合兩國(guó)和兩國(guó)人民的根本利益,對(duì)兩國(guó)發(fā)展具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。

兩國(guó)將在空氣污染防治(air pollution control)、廢物管理(waste management)、環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)(environmental monitoring)、水資源保持及凈化(water conservation and purification)以及高科技領(lǐng)域(hi-tech fields)等方面有深入合作。

截至2016年年底,中國(guó)已同97個(gè)國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織建立了不同形式的伙伴關(guān)系,比如:中沙全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系(comprehensive strategic partnership)、中拉全面合作伙伴關(guān)系(China-Latin America comprehensive cooperative partnership)、中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系(China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination)、中巴全天候戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系(China-Pakistan all-weather strategic partnership of cooperation)等。

中以建立創(chuàng)新全面伙伴關(guān)系,也使得以色列成為繼瑞士之后第二個(gè)同中國(guó)發(fā)展以“創(chuàng)新”為標(biāo)志的伙伴關(guān)系國(guó)家。2016年4月,中瑞宣布建立“創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系”(innovative strategic partnership)。

機(jī)遇之城 cities of opportunity

Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Nanjing have been ranked as the top five cities for opportunity in China, according to a report jointly launched by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the China Development Research Foundation.
中國(guó)發(fā)展研究基金會(huì)與普華永道聯(lián)合發(fā)布的報(bào)告中,將廣州、深圳、杭州、武漢及南京列為中國(guó)前五個(gè)“機(jī)遇之城”。

The report said that technological innovations and balanced development were the keys to building "cities of opportunity".
報(bào)告指出,科技創(chuàng)新和均衡發(fā)展是打造“機(jī)遇之城”的關(guān)鍵所在。

《機(jī)遇之城》是由中國(guó)發(fā)展研究基金會(huì)與普華永道合作在中國(guó)發(fā)展高層論壇上發(fā)布的系列城市調(diào)研報(bào)告,始于2014年,至今已發(fā)布了4期。

《機(jī)遇之城2017》對(duì)城市觀察的維度與變量源自普華永道全球發(fā)布的權(quán)威城市研究報(bào)告《機(jī)遇之都》,從“智力資本和創(chuàng)新”(intellectual capital and innovation)、“技術(shù)成熟度”(technology readiness)、“區(qū)域重要城市”(important regional cities)、“健康、安全與治安”(healthcare, safety and security)、“交通和城市規(guī)劃”(transportation and urban planning)、“可持續(xù)發(fā)展與自然環(huán)境”(sustainability and the natural environment)、“文化與居民生活”(culture and lifestyle)、“經(jīng)濟(jì)影響力”(economic clout)、“成本”(cost)和“宜商環(huán)境”(ease of doing business)10個(gè)維度的57個(gè)變量對(duì)28座中國(guó)城市進(jìn)行深入、全面的考察。

今年就綜合排名而言,廣州和深圳憑借均衡發(fā)展(balanced development)的優(yōu)勢(shì)穩(wěn)居第一和第二,杭州受益于技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)(technological advantages)位列第三,較好地平衡了發(fā)展和成本(a good balance between development and costs)的武漢位居第四,擁有優(yōu)質(zhì)文化和居民生活(quality culture and lifestyle)的南京排名第五。

報(bào)告還發(fā)現(xiàn),位居前列的城市普遍在成本以及文化與居民生活這兩個(gè)維度表現(xiàn)得差強(qiáng)人意(performing poorly in costs and culture and lifestyle)。在打造滿足市民需要、提供優(yōu)質(zhì)生活的“宜居城市”方面,“機(jī)遇之城”依舊面臨挑戰(zhàn)。

中國(guó)發(fā)展研究基金會(huì)秘書長(zhǎng)盧邁表示:“報(bào)告的關(guān)注點(diǎn)是我國(guó)各區(qū)域代表性大城市的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r(the current state of the development of large cities across China),以這些城市為中心形成的城市群正成為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和創(chuàng)新最活躍的地區(qū)。抓住這些大城市以及圍繞它們形成的城市群(the urban clusters),就抓住了下一階段中國(guó)發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵?!?/p>

博鰲亞洲論壇 Boao Forum for Asia

The four-day Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) Annual Conference 2017, themed with “Globalization & Free Trade: The Asian Perspectives”, is to be held from March 23 to 26 in Boao, Hainan.
為期四天的博鰲亞洲論壇2017年年會(huì)將于3月23日至26日在海南博鰲舉行,本次年會(huì)的主題是“直面全球化與自由貿(mào)易的未來(lái)”。

Based on the theme, the BFA Annual Conference 2017 will be divided into four modules—globalization, growth, reform and new economy. A total of 42 official sessions and 12 private sessions are planned during the conference.
基于這個(gè)主題,博鰲亞洲論壇2017年年會(huì)將分為四個(gè)板塊——全球化、增長(zhǎng)、改革,以及新經(jīng)濟(jì),一共設(shè)置了42場(chǎng)分論壇和12場(chǎng)閉門對(duì)話。

這四個(gè)板塊的分論壇和對(duì)話中,有哪些熱詞值得關(guān)注?

金融科技 FinTech
FinTech是Financial Technology的縮寫,指應(yīng)用于金融領(lǐng)域的新技術(shù)。2016年,金融科技的概念迅速火爆,在大數(shù)據(jù)(big data)、云計(jì)算(cloud computing)、區(qū)塊鏈(block chain)、支付(payment)、智能投資顧問(robo-advisor)等方面取得了突飛猛進(jìn)的成效,對(duì)金融以及工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)等行業(yè)產(chǎn)生了深度影響。

工匠精神 the spirit of craftsmanship
2017年的《政府工作報(bào)告》提出,“要大力弘揚(yáng)工匠精神,厚植工匠文化”(promote the spirit of craftsmanship and foster a culture of craftsmanship)?!肮そ尘瘛敝v究精雕細(xì)琢,追求完美。由制造業(yè)大國(guó)邁向制造業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó),沒有“工匠精神”的支撐就無(wú)從談起。培育“工匠精神”重在弘揚(yáng)精神,不僅限于物質(zhì)生產(chǎn),還需各行各業(yè)培育和弘揚(yáng)精益求精、一絲不茍、追求卓越、愛崗敬業(yè)的品格,從而提供高品質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和高水準(zhǔn)服務(wù)。

直播經(jīng)濟(jì) live stream economy
2016年被稱為直播經(jīng)濟(jì)元年。不可否認(rèn),網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播平臺(tái)(live streaming platform)已經(jīng)成為大眾生活不可或缺的一部分。無(wú)論是用戶數(shù)量的迅猛增長(zhǎng)、資本的爭(zhēng)相涌入,還是各大直播平臺(tái)的相繼入場(chǎng),都預(yù)示著直播經(jīng)濟(jì)的到來(lái)。

數(shù)字貨幣 digital currency
數(shù)字貨幣,并非真實(shí)的貨幣,而是存在于數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的世界中。但它又不能完全等同于局限在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲等虛擬空間中的虛擬貨幣(virtual currency),經(jīng)常被用于真實(shí)的商品和服務(wù)交易。由于移動(dòng)支付(mobile payment)的普及,越來(lái)越多的人開始“無(wú)現(xiàn)金”(cash-free)生活。紙幣的電子化,為數(shù)字貨幣的推出提供了良好的實(shí)踐。

虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) virtual reality
虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí),指通過(guò)模擬產(chǎn)生逼真的虛擬世界,給用戶提供完整的視覺、聽覺、觸覺等感官體驗(yàn),讓用戶能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在自然環(huán)境下的各種感知和高級(jí)人機(jī)交互技術(shù)(human-computer interaction)。2016年被稱為“虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)”元年。

創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì) innovation economy
以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ),把創(chuàng)意與智力資本作為初始投入,進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、銷售,這種經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)可以歸入創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)范疇。創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)的活動(dòng)可以概括為三個(gè)層面:一是創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)+新技術(shù)新產(chǎn)品,形成創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品(innovative products);二是創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)+互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè),形成創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)業(yè)(innovative industry);三是創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)+大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新,建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家(innovative country)。

人工智能 artificial intelligence
人工智能一般被認(rèn)為是通過(guò)模擬、延伸和擴(kuò)展人類智能,產(chǎn)生具有類人智能的計(jì)算系統(tǒng)(humanoid intelligence system)。在2017年全國(guó)兩會(huì)上,“人工智能”首次出現(xiàn)在《政府工作報(bào)告》中:“全面實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃,加快新材料、新能源、人工智能、集成電路、生物制藥、第五代移動(dòng)通信等技術(shù)研發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)化,做大做強(qiáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群?!保╓e will fully implement our plan for developing strategic emerging industries. We will accelerate R&D on and commercialization of new materials, new energy, artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, bio-pharmacy, 5G mobile communications, and other technologies, and develop industrial clusters in these fields.)

島嶼經(jīng)濟(jì) island economy
島嶼經(jīng)濟(jì)體是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的海島或一群海島,開發(fā)利用其島嶼、島灘及環(huán)島海域的陸地資源(land resources)和海洋資源(marine resources),以發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)并具有一定行政、經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的地(海)域單元。

分享經(jīng)濟(jì) sharing economy
分享經(jīng)濟(jì)是所有權(quán)與使用權(quán)相分離的經(jīng)濟(jì)。分享經(jīng)濟(jì)是只求所用、不求擁有的經(jīng)濟(jì)。消費(fèi)者可以使用物品,但不必?fù)碛形锲?。分享?jīng)濟(jì)能夠用較少的物質(zhì)存量滿足較多的服務(wù)需求,這與可持續(xù)發(fā)展(sustainable development)和綠色發(fā)展(green development)的要求是一致的。

博鰲亞洲論壇(Boao Forum for Asia,BFA)由25個(gè)亞洲國(guó)家和澳大利亞發(fā)起,于2001年2月下旬在海南省瓊海市萬(wàn)泉河入??诘牟楁?zhèn)召開大會(huì),正式宣布成立。論壇為非官方(non-government)、非營(yíng)利性(non-profit)、定期、定址的國(guó)際組織;為政府、企業(yè)及專家學(xué)者等提供一個(gè)共商經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、環(huán)境及其他相關(guān)問題的高層對(duì)話平臺(tái)(a platform for leaders in government, business and academia from Asia and beyond to share visions on economy, society, environment and other related issues);海南博鰲為論壇總部的永久所在地。

北京醫(yī)改 medical reform

Beijing introduced a reform plan on Wednesday to end markups on drug prices and adjust prices of 435 medical services.
北京22日推出改革方案,取消藥品加成,調(diào)整435項(xiàng)醫(yī)療服務(wù)價(jià)格。

今年的《政府工作報(bào)告》指出,“全面推開公立醫(yī)院綜合改革,全部取消藥品加成,協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)醫(yī)療價(jià)格、人事薪酬、藥品流通、醫(yī)保支付方式等改革。(We will introduce overall reform in public hospitals nationwide, abolish all markups on pharmaceuticals, and make coordinated progress in reforming health care pricing, staffing and remuneration, medicine distribution, and models of health insurance payment.)”

北京率先發(fā)力,推出醫(yī)改新政,顯示出對(duì)執(zhí)行醫(yī)改任務(wù)的強(qiáng)烈決心。取消藥品加成(drug markups)和掛號(hào)費(fèi)(registration fee)、診療費(fèi)(treatment fee),設(shè)立醫(yī)事服務(wù)費(fèi)(medical service fee),并規(guī)范醫(yī)療服務(wù)價(jià)格等舉措,其目的是補(bǔ)償醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)部分運(yùn)行成本,體現(xiàn)醫(yī)務(wù)人員的技術(shù)勞動(dòng)價(jià)值。

我們用中英雙語(yǔ)為大家梳理一下北京醫(yī)改新政的幾個(gè)亮點(diǎn)。

醫(yī)事服務(wù)費(fèi) medical service fees

此次公布的方案中,最引人注意的就是北京公立醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)將取消藥品加成(不含中藥飲品)和掛號(hào)費(fèi)、診療費(fèi),設(shè)立醫(yī)事服務(wù)費(fèi)。

Starting April 8, a medical service fee will replace drug markups, registration and treatment fees, according to the plan.
方案規(guī)定,從4月8日起,醫(yī)事服務(wù)費(fèi)將取代藥品加成、掛號(hào)費(fèi)及診療費(fèi)。

Drug prices were previously marked up by as much as 15 percent, but this will be disallowed in more than 3,600 hospitals and medical institutions in the city.
此前,藥品價(jià)格中至少包含15%的加成,改革方案實(shí)施以后,北京市3600多家醫(yī)院和機(jī)構(gòu)將不得再有藥品加成。

調(diào)整醫(yī)療服務(wù)價(jià)格 adjusting prices of medical services

按照“總量控制、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、有升有降、逐步到位”的原則,將對(duì)435個(gè)醫(yī)療服務(wù)項(xiàng)目?jī)r(jià)格進(jìn)行有升有降的調(diào)整。上調(diào)護(hù)理、中醫(yī)、手術(shù)等體現(xiàn)醫(yī)務(wù)人員技術(shù)勞務(wù)價(jià)值的項(xiàng)目?jī)r(jià)格,下調(diào)CT、核磁等大型檢查設(shè)備收費(fèi)價(jià)格。

Prices of certain medical services that involve a lot of experience, skills and labor of medical staff will be increased, including acupuncture, operations and nursing. But fees for use of certain equipment, such as computed tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), will be brought down.
針灸、手術(shù)及護(hù)理等體現(xiàn)醫(yī)務(wù)人員經(jīng)驗(yàn)、技術(shù)及勞動(dòng)價(jià)值的特定醫(yī)療服務(wù)價(jià)格將進(jìn)行上調(diào),而CT、NMR等設(shè)備的使用價(jià)格則進(jìn)行下調(diào)。

藥品陽(yáng)光采購(gòu) transparent drug purchases

方案明確將實(shí)施藥品陽(yáng)光采購(gòu),方法是向所有的藥品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)公開藥品質(zhì)量指標(biāo)、全國(guó)中標(biāo)價(jià)格,向社會(huì)公開醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)采購(gòu)、使用及品種變化信息,打破昔日藥品價(jià)格等信息不透明狀態(tài)。

To ensure medicine prices drop, Beijing will mandate transparent drug purchases, choosing suppliers through open bidding and requiring the full disclosure of drug and producer information.
為確保藥品價(jià)格下降,北京市將強(qiáng)制實(shí)施藥品陽(yáng)光采購(gòu),通過(guò)公開招標(biāo)選擇藥品供應(yīng)商,并向社會(huì)公開藥品及生產(chǎn)廠家的信息。

調(diào)整生活困難群體救助標(biāo)準(zhǔn) adjustments to medical aid to low-income residents

北京市民政局將調(diào)整特困供養(yǎng)人員、最低生活保障人員、生活困難補(bǔ)助人員和低收入救助人員的救助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

The reimbursement ratio of outpatient service will be raised to 80 percent with a yearly cap of 6,000 yuan from the present 70 percent and 4,000-yuan cap. Eighty percent of inpatient service costs, with a yearly cap of 60,000 yuan, will be covered by medical aid. Aid to poor patients with major diseases will also be bumped to up to 120,000 yuan a year, or 85 percent of the total medical bill, from the present 80,000-yuan cap and 75 percent.
門診救助比例從70%調(diào)整到80%,全年救助封頂線從4000元調(diào)整到6000元(享受城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的救助對(duì)象除外)。住院救助比例調(diào)整到80%,全年救助封頂線調(diào)整到6萬(wàn)元。重大疾病救助比例從75%調(diào)整到85%,全年救助封頂線從8萬(wàn)元調(diào)整到12萬(wàn)元。

戶外外交 outdoor diplomacy

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang took a casual harbor walk and watched an exciting Australian football game with his Australian counterpart Malcolm Turnbull on Saturday, extending his outdoor diplomacy to strengthen the ties between the two peoples.
當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間3月25日,李克強(qiáng)總理與澳大利亞總理特恩布爾在海灣漫步,又一起觀看了一場(chǎng)激烈的澳式足球比賽,展現(xiàn)戶外外交,增強(qiáng)兩國(guó)人民之間的聯(lián)系。

Private, informal talks in a casual, beautiful environment are an extension of traditional diplomacy, and often work well to cultivate personal friendship and help iron out differences.
在輕松優(yōu)美的環(huán)境中進(jìn)行私人的非正式談話是傳統(tǒng)外交的一種延伸,通常能夠培養(yǎng)雙方個(gè)人友誼,并有助于熨平雙方之間的分歧。

25日一早,李克強(qiáng)總理在特恩布爾陪同下,來(lái)到悉尼皇家植物園散步。兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人衣著休閑,步態(tài)輕松,沿著海灣步道邊走邊聊。

During a tie-less walk with Turnbull in the Royal Botanic Garden, Li chatted with local Australians in English, and cheerfully took selfies with Chinese tourists and his Australian counterpart.
和特恩布爾總理不打領(lǐng)帶在皇家植物園散步期間,李克強(qiáng)總理用英文和當(dāng)?shù)厝碎e聊,還很熱情地與特恩布爾總理一起跟幾位中國(guó)游客自拍。

當(dāng)天下午,克強(qiáng)總理來(lái)到悉尼板球場(chǎng),與特恩布爾總理共同觀看悉尼天鵝隊(duì)對(duì)決阿德萊德港隊(duì)的一場(chǎng)澳式足球比賽。

Before the game started, Li met with the players and practiced how to catch and pass a ball. He also accepted a gift scarf from each club and tied the two scarves together before wearing them on his neck.
比賽開始前,李克強(qiáng)總理會(huì)見了雙方球員并練習(xí)了接傳球。他接受了兩個(gè)球隊(duì)贈(zèng)送的禮品圍巾,將它們系在一起,然后戴在脖子上。

"I wear both of them even though the weather is not cold at all to show my love and support for both teams," said the Chinese premier. "I will cheer for you all no matter which side wins."
李克強(qiáng)總理說(shuō):“雖然天氣一點(diǎn)都不冷,但我把兩條圍巾都戴上以示我對(duì)兩個(gè)隊(duì)的熱愛和支持。無(wú)論哪個(gè)隊(duì)贏,我都會(huì)為你們歡呼?!?/p>

"The two tied scarves also show the power of China-Australia cooperation as well as the colorfulness of diverse civilizations," Li said.
李克強(qiáng)說(shuō):“這兩條系在一起的圍巾同時(shí)也顯示了中澳合作的強(qiáng)大力量以及文明多樣性的多姿多彩。”

云南旅游業(yè)管理辦法 management of tourism industry

Yunnan province will introduce 22 measures to clean up the local tourism industry, the provincial tourism administrative authority said on Monday.
云南省旅游管理部門27日宣布,將推出22條措施清理整頓當(dāng)?shù)芈糜涡袠I(yè)。

The measures, which will come into effect on April 15, include forbidding forced shopping and overly cheap tours, punishing fraud targeted at tourists, and strengthening regulation of tour guides via an online information and evaluation system.
這些措施將于2017年4月15日起施行,具體包括,禁止強(qiáng)迫購(gòu)物和超低價(jià)團(tuán),懲治針對(duì)游客的欺詐行為,通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息評(píng)估系統(tǒng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)導(dǎo)游的規(guī)范管理。

云南一直是國(guó)內(nèi)外游客心之向往的旅游目的地,但是近年來(lái),有關(guān)導(dǎo)游誘騙、欺詐游客消費(fèi),甚至辱罵或毆打游客的新聞?lì)l繁見諸報(bào)端,“零負(fù)團(tuán)費(fèi)”(free and incentive tours)、“購(gòu)物陷阱”(shopping traps)、“打罵游客”(beating and insulting tourists)已成云南旅游業(yè)的痼疾頑癥。

此次,云南推出“史上最嚴(yán)”整治措施,試圖從根源解決旅游市場(chǎng)亂象(irregularities in the tourism industry),以下亮點(diǎn)值得關(guān)注。

禁止“不合理低價(jià)游” banning overly cheap tours

禁止旅行社發(fā)布、銷售“不合理低價(jià)游”產(chǎn)品和接待相關(guān)團(tuán)隊(duì),對(duì)違反規(guī)定的旅行社進(jìn)行停業(yè)整頓(travel agencies luring tourists with prices lower than costs will be suspended from business for a set period),對(duì)整頓后再犯的依法吊銷經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證(those who continue to sell overly cheap tours after suspension will have their business licenses revoked);實(shí)行新的旅游標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同,取消旅游合同中的購(gòu)物附加條款;建立旅行社“黑名單”制度。

清理購(gòu)物陷阱 clearing up shopping traps

取消旅游定點(diǎn)購(gòu)物(designating specific shopping venues for tourists is prohibited),將所有旅游購(gòu)物企業(yè)納入普通商品零售企業(yè)統(tǒng)一監(jiān)管。嚴(yán)禁變相安排和誘導(dǎo)購(gòu)物,防止形成新的灰色利益鏈條。嚴(yán)懲針對(duì)游客的欺詐銷售(fraudulent selling),包括“藥托”“酒托”等誘騙行為。

加強(qiáng)導(dǎo)游監(jiān)管 strengthening regulation of tour guides

針對(duì)導(dǎo)游服務(wù)質(zhì)量問題,云南將建立全省導(dǎo)游管理平臺(tái)(tour guide management platform),把全省所有導(dǎo)游納入平臺(tái)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)管;建立導(dǎo)游服務(wù)質(zhì)量網(wǎng)上評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)(online evaluation system),評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果作為導(dǎo)游星級(jí)評(píng)定的主要依據(jù),公開導(dǎo)游考核評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果(the evaluation results will be made public);強(qiáng)化簽約導(dǎo)游(contracted tour guides)管理,建立合理薪酬制度,保障導(dǎo)游合法權(quán)益。州市政府主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為旅游市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管第一責(zé)任人。發(fā)生惡性旅游事件,造成惡劣社會(huì)影響的,要對(duì)相關(guān)責(zé)任人嚴(yán)肅問責(zé)。

設(shè)立旅游巡回法庭 setting up tourist circuit court

旅游糾紛案件主要系旅游服務(wù)合同糾紛(travel contract disputes)和人身財(cái)產(chǎn)損害賠償糾紛(compensation disputes concerning physical and asset damage)。絕大多數(shù)案件都可以適用小額訴訟程序、簡(jiǎn)易程序(simplified procedure),做到“四個(gè)快”,即:快立、快審、快結(jié)、快執(zhí),力爭(zhēng)實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)日受理案件、當(dāng)日審理辦結(jié)、當(dāng)日即時(shí)履行。

北京城市總體規(guī)劃 overall planning of Beijing

Beijing plans to meet the national air quality standard by 2030, according to a blueprint for the city's overall planning (2016-2030).
根據(jù)《北京城市總體規(guī)劃(2016年-2030年)》,北京計(jì)劃到2030年達(dá)到國(guó)家空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

The Chinese capital aims to cut the concentration of hazardous fine particle matter PM2.5 to 56 micrograms per cubic meter in 2020 and 35 micrograms per cubic meter in 2030, according to the document.
總體規(guī)劃草案明確,北京2020年P(guān)M2.5年均濃度降至56微克/立方米左右,2030年達(dá)到35微克/立方米左右。

草案提出了北京至2020年、2030年、2050年三個(gè)階段的發(fā)展目標(biāo)。其中,草案提出,至2030年,基本建成國(guó)際一流的和諧宜居之都(top-class capital of harmony and liveability),治理“大城市病”(big city disease)取得顯著成效,首都核心功能更加優(yōu)化(core functions of the capital more optimized),京津冀區(qū)域一體化(Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration)格局基本形成。

草案規(guī)劃中未來(lái)的北京是這樣的:

戰(zhàn)略定位 strategic positioning

政治中心(political center)、文化中心(cultural center)、國(guó)際交往中心(international exchange center)、科技創(chuàng)新中心(scientific and technological innovation center)

發(fā)展目標(biāo) goal of development

建成國(guó)際一流的和諧宜居之都(top-class capital of harmony and liveability)

城市規(guī)模 scale of the city

2020年,人口規(guī)模在2300萬(wàn)人;2020年,城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地規(guī)模(the scale of land used in urban and rural construction)減至2860平方公里左右;2030年,城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地規(guī)模減至2760平方公里左右。

城市空間結(jié)構(gòu) spatial structure of the city

城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)打造“一主”“一副”“兩軸”“多點(diǎn)”。

“一主”指中心城區(qū)(central city),包括東城區(qū)、西城區(qū)、朝陽(yáng)區(qū)、海淀區(qū)、豐臺(tái)區(qū)、石景山區(qū);

“一副”指北京城市副中心(subcenter of the capital);

“兩軸”指中軸線及其延長(zhǎng)線(the axis line and its extension)、長(zhǎng)安街及其延長(zhǎng)線(Chang’an Avenue and its extension);

“多點(diǎn)”(multiple areas)指門頭溝、房山、順義、大興、亦莊、昌平、平谷、懷柔、密云、延慶10個(gè)周邊城區(qū)。

生態(tài)控制區(qū) ecological control area

將北京約16410平方公里的市域空間劃分為生態(tài)控制區(qū)(ecological control area)、限制建設(shè)區(qū)(restricted constructive expansion area)、禁止建設(shè)區(qū)(no constructive expansion area),生態(tài)控制區(qū)面積2020年約占市域面積的73%,2030年提高到75%左右。

歷史文化名城保護(hù) preservation of historic cultural city

四個(gè)空間層次范圍,即舊城(old town)、中心城區(qū)(central city)、市域(city area)和區(qū)域(district area)

兩大重點(diǎn)區(qū)域,即舊城(old town)和三山五園(three mountains and five parks);

三條文化帶,即長(zhǎng)城文化帶(the Great Wall culture belt)、運(yùn)河文化帶(the canal culture belt)、西山文化帶(the Xishan mountain culture belt)。

綠色目標(biāo) green targets

2030年,全市森林覆蓋率(forest coverage)達(dá)到45%以上;

2030年,建成區(qū)人均公園綠地面積(per capita public green areas)16.8平方米/人;

2030年,綠色出行(green commuting)比例超過(guò)80%;

2020年,軌道交通里程(rail traffic mileage)達(dá)到1000公里左右。

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