2019年3月21日14:48左右，江蘇省鹽城市響水縣陳家港鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)化工園區(qū)內(nèi)的江蘇天嘉宜化工有限公司發(fā)生爆炸。

Death toll climbs to 47 in the explosion at a chemical factory in Yancheng, Jiangsu province. 90 were seriously injured.
江蘇鹽城化工廠爆炸事故死亡人數(shù)升至47人，重傷90人。

【詞匯解釋】

Toll這個(gè)詞我們最常見的用法一個(gè)就是這里的death toll（死亡人數(shù)），另一個(gè)就是高速公路或橋梁的“收費(fèi)”，比如：toll road（收費(fèi)公路）、toll bridge（收費(fèi)橋梁）、tollgate（收費(fèi)站）等，“免費(fèi)公路”就是toll-free road。

正赴國(guó)外訪問途中的中共中央總書記、國(guó)家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平對(duì)江蘇響水天嘉宜化工有限公司“3·21”爆炸事故作出重要指示：

Xi said all-out efforts must be made to search those trapped, and the injured must be timely treated and relief work must be well done to maintain social stability. Meanwhile, environment monitoring and early warning should be strengthened to prevent environmental pollution as well as secondary disasters.

要求全力搶險(xiǎn)救援，搜救被困人員，及時(shí)救治傷員，做好善后工作，切實(shí)維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定。要加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警，防控發(fā)生環(huán)境污染，嚴(yán)防發(fā)生次生災(zāi)害。

The Tianjiayi chemical plant, which was established in 2007, is a producer of over 30 organic chemical compounds, including anisole, m-Phenylenediamine and para-Phenylenediamine, many of which are flammable and toxic, according to its website.
官網(wǎng)信息顯示，天嘉宜成立于2007年，主要生產(chǎn)苯甲醚、間苯二胺以及對(duì)間苯二胺等30多種有機(jī)化合物，其中很多化合物為易燃有毒產(chǎn)品。

According to the city's environmental protection authority, the explosion had a negative influence on the air quality in the chemical park and its surrounding areas within a 500-meter radius.
當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保部門表示，爆炸會(huì)對(duì)化工廠及周邊500米范圍地區(qū)的空氣質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生不良影響。

No residents are living in the chemical park, while all people nearby have been evacuated. And there are no drinking water sources downstream of the accident site, it added.
環(huán)保部門同時(shí)表示，化工廠內(nèi)沒有人居住，周邊居民也已被撤離。爆發(fā)事故地點(diǎn)下游也沒有飲用水源。

涉事化工廠劣跡斑斑

The company had been ordered by State Administration of Work Safety Ministry, the predecessor of Ministry of Emergency Management, to rectify its 13 hidden safety hazards in 2018, including leaking valve on its storage tank.
2018年，原國(guó)家安監(jiān)總局，應(yīng)急管理部前身，曾要求天嘉宜整改儲(chǔ)存罐閥門泄漏等13條安全隱患。

在國(guó)家安全監(jiān)督總局辦公廳的官網(wǎng)上，涉事的企業(yè)有13項(xiàng)安全隱患被通報(bào)，其中有4項(xiàng)直接涉及到苯；尤其有一條是，苯、甲醇裝卸現(xiàn)場(chǎng)無(wú)防泄漏應(yīng)急處置措施，這可能是造成可燃物泄漏并爆炸的主要原因之一。

And earlier in 2016, the company was fined by the county's ecological and environmental protection bureau for violating the solid waste management and environmental impact assessment regulations. It was punished again a year later for disobeying air pollution and solid waste management regulations in 2017, according to Qichacha, a data bank that tracks business registration information in China.
企業(yè)登記信息數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)企查查信息顯示，早在2016年，天嘉宜就曾因?yàn)檫`法固體廢物管理及環(huán)境影響測(cè)評(píng)規(guī)定被前國(guó)家環(huán)保總局罰款。2017年，該公司又因?yàn)檫`法空氣污染及固體廢物管理規(guī)定被處罰。

爆炸事故后如何保護(hù)自己？

首先，爆炸引起的泄漏，會(huì)造成相關(guān)物料泄漏。

苯、對(duì)苯二胺等物質(zhì)（以及它們的不完全燃燒產(chǎn)物）在泄漏后，有可能會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐乃丛斐晌：?，這是目前最需要關(guān)注的問題。當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)該立刻對(duì)大氣和水體進(jìn)行污染物監(jiān)測(cè)（air and water pollutants monitoring）。當(dāng)?shù)厝藨?yīng)盡可能補(bǔ)充新鮮潔凈的水源（store clean drinking water），最好能夠供接下來(lái)3~4天飲用。

其次，苯的沸點(diǎn)低，揮發(fā)成氣體后，也會(huì)造成吸入性傷害。

一般的口罩不能防氣態(tài)污染物（gaseous pollutants），防毒面具才可以。比較合理的救助方式是，將當(dāng)?shù)厝罕姳M可能遷移到出事點(diǎn)10公里以外的地區(qū)（local residents should be relocated at least 10 km away from the explosion site），避免遭受有毒空氣的傷害。等到環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)顯示空氣中苯的濃度恢復(fù)到正常水平時(shí)，再回到原來(lái)的住所。

所幸的是，當(dāng)?shù)厥瞧皆h(huán)境，擴(kuò)散條件好，恢復(fù)到安全水平應(yīng)該不需要太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。（以上部分來(lái)自果殼：Guokr42）

【相關(guān)詞匯】

死亡人數(shù) death toll

傷亡人員 casualty

營(yíng)救 rescue

疏散 evacuate

緊急救援隊(duì) emergency team

有機(jī)化合物 organic chemical compounds

安全隱患 hidden safety hazards

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）