教育部近日印發(fā)《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)義務(wù)教育學(xué)校作業(yè)管理的通知》，提出“十條要求”。

Primary schools should ensure that students in the first and second grades do not have written homework. Those in higher grades should complete their homework within one hour, the circular said.
通知要求，小學(xué)一二年級(jí)不布置書面家庭作業(yè)，小學(xué)其他年級(jí)每天書面作業(yè)完成時(shí)間平均不超過60分鐘。

【單詞講解】

Grade在學(xué)校的語(yǔ)境中除了表示“年級(jí)”以外，還可以表示“成績(jī)、分?jǐn)?shù)”（名詞）或者“評(píng)判、批改”（動(dòng)詞）等意思，比如：What was your grade on the math test?（你數(shù)學(xué)考試考了多少分）；Mrs. Smith would be the one grading their spelling tests and their reading tests.（他們拼寫測(cè)驗(yàn)和閱讀測(cè)驗(yàn)的閱卷老師是史密斯夫人）。

The average amount of time junior high school students spend on written homework every day should be less than 90 minutes, according to the circular.
初中每天書面作業(yè)完成時(shí)間平均不超過90分鐘。

通知提出的其他要求包括：

Schools are required to adjust the form and content of homework in accordance with the traits of different schooling stages and subjects, as well as the needs and abilities of students.
學(xué)校要根據(jù)學(xué)段、學(xué)科特點(diǎn)及學(xué)生實(shí)際需要和完成能力，合理布置不同類型的作業(yè)。

Teachers should not give homework to parents, directly or indirectly, or ask parents to grade homework.
嚴(yán)禁給家長(zhǎng)布置或變相布置作業(yè)，嚴(yán)禁要求家長(zhǎng)批改作業(yè)。

After-school training institutions are prohibited from giving any homework to primary and secondary school students, the circular said.
嚴(yán)禁校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)給中小學(xué)生留作業(yè)。

【單詞講解】

這里用primary and secondary school表示“中小學(xué)”，具體來說，primary school通常指代“小學(xué)”，也可以用elementary school來替換，而secondary school指“介于小學(xué)和大學(xué)之間的教育機(jī)構(gòu)”，即“中學(xué)”，是各類中等教育學(xué)校的統(tǒng)稱，既包括普通的初高中，也包括職高、技校等教育機(jī)構(gòu)。我們更加熟悉的middle school在英語(yǔ)國(guó)家通常指“五年級(jí)（或六年級(jí)）到八年級(jí)的學(xué)?！?，即“初中”。

Teachers should make full use of classroom time and after-school services to make sure primary school students can basically finish all work at school and that junior high school students can complete most of it, it said.
教師要充分利用課堂教學(xué)時(shí)間和課后服務(wù)時(shí)間加強(qiáng)學(xué)生作業(yè)指導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)小學(xué)生基本在校內(nèi)完成書面作業(yè)，初中學(xué)生在校內(nèi)完成大部分書面作業(yè)。

【詞匯講解】

這里出現(xiàn)了“初中”的另一種說法junior high school，這個(gè)表達(dá)多見于美國(guó)，一般指七年級(jí)到九年級(jí)這個(gè)學(xué)段，也就相當(dāng)于咱們所說的“初中”，后續(xù)的“高中”用senior high school表達(dá)。

The difficulty of the homework should not exceed national curriculum standards, and there should be no repetitive or punitive homework.
作業(yè)難度不得超過國(guó)家課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。嚴(yán)禁布置重復(fù)性、懲罰性作業(yè)。

加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康管理

此外，教育部近日還印發(fā)了《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康管理工作的通知》，對(duì)加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康管理工作提出了有關(guān)要求。

Schools should open a sufficient number of physical education courses based on requirements of related authorities - four for first and second graders and three for third, fourth, fifth and sixth graders and middle school students - the notice said, adding that the ministry encourages schools to conduct one PE course every day.
中小學(xué)校要嚴(yán)格落實(shí)國(guó)家規(guī)定的體育與健康課程剛性要求，小學(xué)一至二年級(jí)每周4課時(shí)，小學(xué)三至六年級(jí)和初中每周3課時(shí)，有條件的學(xué)校每天開設(shè)1節(jié)體育課。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

學(xué)生減負(fù) reduce students' excessive academic burden

教學(xué)大綱 teaching syllabus

超綱教學(xué) teaching beyond the syllabus

招生對(duì)象 enrollment targets

課外活動(dòng) extracurricular activities

應(yīng)試教育 exam-oriented education

民辦學(xué)校 private school

基礎(chǔ)教育 basic education

教書育人 impart knowledge and cultivate people

教育公平 education equality

參考來源：新華網(wǎng)、中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 Helen）