中共中央政治局近日召開(kāi)會(huì)議，聽(tīng)取“十四五”時(shí)期積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化重大政策舉措?yún)R報(bào)，審議《關(guān)于優(yōu)化生育政策促進(jìn)人口長(zhǎng)期均衡發(fā)展的決定》。
A meeting of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee heard reports on major policy measures to actively address the aging of the population during the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025). The meeting reviewed a decision on improving birth policies to promote long-term balanced population growth.

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
黨的十八大以來(lái)，根據(jù)我國(guó)人口發(fā)展變化趨勢(shì)，黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院審時(shí)度勢(shì)先后作出單獨(dú)兩孩、全面兩孩等重大決策部署，取得了積極成效。
從第七次全國(guó)人口普查數(shù)據(jù)看，目前0-14歲少兒人口占比從2010年的16.6%提高到2020年的17.95%。近年來(lái)，由于政策調(diào)整原因全國(guó)累計(jì)多出生二孩1000多萬(wàn)人。出生人口中二孩占比由2013年的30%左右上升到近年來(lái)的50%左右。出生人口性別比從2013年的118降至目前的111左右。
當(dāng)前，我國(guó)正處于人口大國(guó)向人力資本強(qiáng)國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)變的重大戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，立足國(guó)情，遵循規(guī)律，實(shí)施一對(duì)夫妻可以生育三個(gè)子女政策及配套支持措施，能夠最大限度發(fā)揮人口對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的能動(dòng)作用，牢牢把握戰(zhàn)略主動(dòng)權(quán)，積極應(yīng)對(duì)生育水平持續(xù)走低的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，統(tǒng)籌解決人口問(wèn)題，為全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)創(chuàng)造良好的人口環(huán)境。

【重要講話】
把握好新發(fā)展階段提出的新要求，要樹(shù)立戰(zhàn)略眼光，順應(yīng)人民對(duì)高品質(zhì)生活的期待，要增強(qiáng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)，研判未來(lái)我國(guó)人口老齡化、勞動(dòng)力結(jié)構(gòu)變化等發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
In the new development stage, China should have a strategic vision and meet people's expectations for a high-quality life, and increase risk awareness to make proper judgments in advance on new development trends such as population aging and changes in labor force structures.
——2021年2月26日，習(xí)近平在主持中共中央政治局第二十八次集體學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)

促進(jìn)生育政策和相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)政策配套銜接，加強(qiáng)人口發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究。積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化，構(gòu)建養(yǎng)老、孝老、敬老政策體系和社會(huì)環(huán)境，推進(jìn)醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合，加快老齡事業(yè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。
We will work to ensure that our childbirth policy meshes with related economic and social policies, and carry out research on the population development strategy. As we respond proactively to population aging, we will adopt policies and foster a social environment in which senior citizens are respected, cared for, and live happily in their later years. We will provide integrated elderly care and medical services, and accelerate the development of old-age programs and industries.
——2017年10月18日，習(xí)近平在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十九次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的報(bào)告

【相關(guān)詞匯】
全國(guó)人口普查
national census

覆蓋全民的社會(huì)保障體系
the social security system covering the entire population