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BBC Learning English 英語(yǔ)教學(xué)

你問(wèn)我答

 

辨析表示 “足夠” 的單詞:adequate、enough、sufficient

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內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介

一位姓邊的網(wǎng)友來(lái)信詢(xún)問(wèn) “adequate、enough” 和 “sufficient” 的區(qū)別。這三個(gè)詞的意思都和 “足夠” 有關(guān),但它們的詞性和實(shí)際的用法不同。其中,“adequate” 和 “sufficient” 均為形容詞,表示 “足夠的”;“adequate” 強(qiáng)調(diào) “(質(zhì)量、水平、標(biāo)準(zhǔn))剛夠好”;“enough” 則可以作限定詞、副詞和代詞使用。聽(tīng) “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目,學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)分這三個(gè)詞。

歡迎你加入并和我們一起討論英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的方方面面。請(qǐng)通過(guò)微博 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)” 或郵件與我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。我們的郵箱地址是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

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(關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注: 請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過(guò)程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。)

Phil
Hi, and welcome to Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Phil.

Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. 本期 “你問(wèn)我答” 節(jié)目的問(wèn)題來(lái)自一位姓邊的網(wǎng)友,問(wèn)題由我來(lái)代讀:

Question
求回答,“adequate、enough” 和 “sufficient” 的區(qū)別是什么?

Phil
A great question – we've got three words that are very similar – but there are some differences.

Jiaying
下面,我們就來(lái)看一看這三個(gè)詞之間有什么不同。

Phil
Right, these words have similar meanings – but not quite the same. It's also important to look at how we use them – because there are some grammatical differences as well. OK, 'enough' is the most common of these words. Let's look at it first.

Jiaying
先說(shuō)一說(shuō) “enough”?!癊nough” 是三個(gè)詞當(dāng)中最常用的一個(gè),作限定詞時(shí),它的意思是 “充足,足夠”。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。

Examples
That's enough food – don't give me any more!
(我的飯已經(jīng)夠了,別再給我盛了!)

Sorry, I don't have enough money.
(抱歉,我的錢(qián)不夠。)

Jiaying
這兩個(gè)例句都在談?wù)撌挛锏牧?“夠不夠”。在第一個(gè)句子中,說(shuō)話人已經(jīng)有 “enough food(足量的飯菜)”,所以不需要更多。第二句話是否定句,說(shuō)話人 “don't have enough money(沒(méi)有足夠多的錢(qián))”。兩句話中的 “enough” 都是限定詞。

Phil
In both of these examples, we could also use 'sufficient' – it's less common and it sounds more formal – but here it means the same.

Jiaying
是的,在上面的兩句話中,我們可以用 “sufficient” 替換 “enough”,句意相同。一般用形容詞 “sufficient” 的句子更正式。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)使用了 “sufficient” 的例句。

Examples
We have sufficient time for this – we won't need any more!
(我們有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)做這件事情,不需要更多時(shí)間了?。?/p>

Sorry, there isn't sufficient money in the budget.
(抱歉,預(yù)算的錢(qián)不夠。)

Jiaying
在上面的兩句話中,形容詞 “sufficient” 與前面講過(guò)的 “enough” 的含義相同,都表示 “足夠的”,但兩者的詞性和用法不同。

Phil
Yes, the important thing to notice is that 'enough' also works as an adverb, so we can use it after verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

Jiaying
沒(méi)錯(cuò),除了作限定詞以外,“enough” 還可以作副詞使用,表示 “足夠地”,但 “sufficient” 卻只能作形容詞使用。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)使用了副詞 “enough” 的例句。

Examples
You need to do well enough to pass the exam.
(你需要發(fā)揮得夠好才能通過(guò)考試。)

I think I've studied enough – I should be OK!
(我想我已經(jīng)學(xué)得夠多了。我應(yīng)該會(huì)考好的?。?/p>

Jiaying
在第一個(gè)例句中,“well enough” 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明在考試中的表現(xiàn) “夠好”。在第二個(gè)例句中,“studied enough” 說(shuō)明 “學(xué)得夠多了”。我們不能用形容詞 “sufficient” 來(lái)替換兩句話中的副詞 “enough”。

Phil
Another way that you can use 'enough' but not 'sufficient' is a pronoun – like here:

Example
A: If you want some more work, I can give you some!
(如果你想多干點(diǎn)活兒,我可以分你一些?。?br>B: I've got enough, thank you. I'm really busy!
(我的活兒夠多了,謝謝你。我真的很忙?。?/p>

Jiaying
對(duì)話中的男士說(shuō):“I've got enough(我的活兒夠多了)”,省略了名詞 “work”,因?yàn)槲覀円阎獌扇苏谟懻?“工作”。這里的 “enough” 是代詞。

Phil
OK, so that's where we can't use 'sufficient' – is there anywhere where we can't use 'enough'?

Jiaying
Yes. 由于 “sufficient” 是形容詞,所以可以與冠詞和名詞一同使用。下面來(lái)看看只能用 “sufficient”,不能用 “enough” 的情況。先聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。

Examples
I don't have a sufficient understanding of this subject.
(我對(duì)這門(mén)學(xué)科沒(méi)有足夠的了解。)

You need to turn the handle at a sufficient speed to make it work.
(你需要以足夠快的速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)手柄才能使其工作。)

Jiaying
由于 “enough” 作限定詞時(shí),不能與冠詞同用,所以不適用于上面的兩個(gè)例句。

接著,我們講一講問(wèn)題中的第三個(gè)詞 “adequate”。

Phil
Like sufficient, 'adequate' is an adjective, so it's different grammatically to 'enough'. There's also a difference in the meaning: while 'enough' on its own talks about quantity, 'sufficient' and 'adequate' can be used to talk about quality. It means 'to the level, standard or quality that is needed'.

Jiaying
首先,“adequate” 和 “sufficient” 都是形容詞,所以從語(yǔ)法上來(lái)看,它們和 “enough” 都不同。還有,“adequate” 和 “sufficient” 都可以用來(lái)談?wù)?“(質(zhì)量)夠好”,而 “enough” 在單獨(dú)使用時(shí),只能談?wù)?“(數(shù)量)夠多”。另外,“adequate” 強(qiáng)調(diào) “水平、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或質(zhì)量合乎需要的”。聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。

Examples
He's working at an adequate level.
(他的工作水平是合格的。)

The standard of this room should be adequate for your needs.
(這個(gè)房間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該能滿(mǎn)足你的需要。)

Jiaying
在第一個(gè)例句中,形容詞 “adequate” 表示 “(工作水平是)合格的”。在第二個(gè)例句中,形容詞 “adequate” 表示 “(房間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是)足夠好的,合乎需要的”。

這兩個(gè)例子中的形容詞 “adequate” 都可以用 “sufficient” 或搭配 “good enough” 替換,但不能僅用 “enough” 替換。

Phil
So maybe now, we should look a bit more closely at 'sufficient' and 'adequate'. They're often interchangeable, but there can be some differences.

Jiaying
注意,形容詞 “adequate” 表示 “only just good enough(剛剛夠好)”,強(qiáng)調(diào) “僅僅足以達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而已”,所以可能帶有負(fù)面色彩。來(lái)聽(tīng)兩個(gè)例句。

Examples
The hotel was adequate, I suppose – but I was expecting something a bit better.
(這家酒店還可以,能住,但我本希望條件能更好點(diǎn)。)

The job they did was adequate but nothing more.
(他們的工作表現(xiàn)是合格的,但沒(méi)有超出預(yù)期。)

Jiaying
在上面的例句中,說(shuō)話人講到,雖然 “the hotel was adequate(酒店條件)達(dá)標(biāo)”、“the job was adequate(工作表現(xiàn)是合格的)”,卻沒(méi)有超出預(yù)期,所以感到失望。形容詞 “sufficient” 不能表達(dá)這個(gè)含義。

來(lái)總結(jié)一下:“enough(足夠)” 可以用作限定詞、副詞和代詞。

Phil
While 'sufficient' and 'adequate' are both adjectives.

Jiaying
“Sufficient” 和 “adequate” 只能作形容詞使用,含義都是 “足夠的”,但 “adequate” 可以強(qiáng)調(diào) “僅僅足以達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或滿(mǎn)足需要的”。

Phil
We hope that's answered your question.

Jiaying
你可以通過(guò)我們的微博賬號(hào) “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)” 發(fā)送你的問(wèn)題,也可以將問(wèn)題發(fā)送至:questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Bye, everyone!

Phil
Bye!

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