你問我答
近義詞辨析：delegate, contract out, commission
內(nèi)容簡介
聽眾 Winnie 想知道 “delegate、contract out” 和 “commission” 在表示 “委托” 時的區(qū)別。其中，“delegate” 和 “contract out” 都強(qiáng)調(diào) “委托他人做一項可以自己完成的工作”，而 “commission” 則強(qiáng)調(diào) “委托他人做一項需要特殊技能和知識才能完成的工作”。本期節(jié)目講解這三個詞語的具體用法。
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文字稿
（關(guān)于臺詞的備注: 請注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對節(jié)目做出的改變。）
Phil
Hello, this is Question and Answer of the week, I'm Phil.
Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. 本期節(jié)目要回答的問題來自聽眾 Winnie，問題由我來代讀。
Question
你好，查詢發(fā)現(xiàn) “delegate、contract out、commission” 都有 “委托” 的用法，請問在使用中有哪些差異呢？
Phil
This is a really good question – because these words are easy to confuse.
Jiaying
雖然這三個詞或搭配各有不同的含義，但它們都可以表示 “委托某人幫你做某事”。
Phil
Let's start by looking at 'delegate' – it simply means to get someone to do some work instead of you.
Jiaying
動詞 “delegate” 的意思是 “委派”，強(qiáng)調(diào) “把工作交給他人做”。聽兩個例句。
Examples
The secret of good management is knowing when you can delegate tasks to your staff.
（優(yōu)秀管理的秘訣是知道何時可以將工作任務(wù)委派給員工。）
I think you're good with this, so I'm going to delegate all the marketing of this product to you.
（我認(rèn)為你在這方面很在行，所以我準(zhǔn)備把這個產(chǎn)品的所有營銷工作交給你做。）
Phil
We often talk about managers delegating work – it's when they give one of their tasks to someone else to do.
Jiaying
是的。要記住兩個要點(diǎn)：第一，如果一位管理者 “delegates a task to someone（將一項任務(wù)委派給某人）”，那么這項任務(wù)通常本來會是經(jīng)理親自完成的；第二，動詞 “delegate” 通常表示 “將任務(wù)委派給同一公司或組織內(nèi)的人”。而其它兩個詞則沒有這兩層含義。
Phil
Let's look at the next one – 'contract out'. The meaning that we're looking at for 'contract out' is when one company pays a different company to do some work for them.
Jiaying
搭配 “contract out” 的意思是 “合同外包，把某項工作承包出去”。聽兩個例句。
Examples
The hotel contracted out the cleaning to a service company.
（酒店把清潔工作承包給了一家服務(wù)公司。）
Lots of large companies have contracted out their payroll services.
（許多大公司已將其工資發(fā)放服務(wù)外包出去了。）
Phil
So, often when we talk about contracting out, we're talking about something that a company would previously have done themselves, but have found it more efficient to pay a different company to do it.
Jiaying
從這個角度來看，“contract out” 通常是 “公司將工作承包給另一家公司”，而上面我們講過的 “delegate” 則通常表示 “將工作委派給公司內(nèi)部的另一個人”。最后，我們來看動詞 “commission”。
Phil
OK – so if you commission a piece of work, you ask and pay someone to do it for you.
Jiaying
動詞 “commission” 的意思是 “正式委托某人完成一項工作，并支付其相應(yīng)的報酬”。聽兩個例句。
Examples
We've commissioned some original artwork to make our offices look nicer.
（為了讓辦公室更美觀，我們委托他人制作了一些原創(chuàng)藝術(shù)品。）
I've been commissioned to produce a report on the business.
（我受委托撰寫一份關(guān)于這家公司業(yè)務(wù)狀況的報告。）
Phil
We often use 'commission' to talk about a special, one-off piece of work, and it's usually produced by someone outside the original institution. It's often something that the original organisation couldn't do for themselves.
Jiaying
沒錯，這就是動詞 “commission” 的特殊之處。如果你 “commission” 一項工作，那么通常是因為完成這項工作需要特殊的技能或知識，而且這常常是一次性的委托，比如一件藝術(shù)品或一篇文章。
Phil
OK, to sum up – 'delegate' is to ask a person to do one of your tasks. A company might 'contract out' some of their work to another company, while they might 'commission' something special.
Jiaying
動詞 “delegate” 的意思是 “將任務(wù)委派給另一個人去做”；搭配 “contract out” 的意思是 “將工作外包給另一家公司去做”；而動詞 “commission” 的意思則是 “正式委托某人做一項需要特殊的技能或知識才能完成的工作”。
希望通過我們的講解，大家對 “delegate”、“contract out” 和 “commission” 之間的主要區(qū)別有了更深的理解。
Phil
Remember that if you have a question you'd like us to answer, you can email us at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying
你也可以通過微博私信的方式把問題發(fā)給我們，我們的微博賬號是 “BBC英語教學(xué)”。謝謝收聽本期 “你問我答” 節(jié)目，我是佳瑩。Bye, everyone!
Phil
Bye!
