聽眾 Janice 想知道名詞 “communication、exchange、interaction” 和 “association” 之間的區(qū)別。在這四個(gè)詞中,“communication、exchange、interaction” 都與 “交流和分享信息” 有關(guān),但具體所指的 “交流” 形式不同;而名詞 “association” 通常只能用來指 “人或事物之間的關(guān)聯(lián)”,并無(wú) “交流” 之意。聽節(jié)目,學(xué)習(xí)辨析這四個(gè)詞的用法。
文字稿
(關(guān)于臺(tái)詞的備注: 請(qǐng)注意這不是廣播節(jié)目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能沒有體現(xiàn)錄制、編輯過程中對(duì)節(jié)目做出的改變。)
Phil
Hello, this is Question and Answer of the week, I'm Phil.
Jiaying
And I'm Jiaying. 本期節(jié)目要回答的問題來自聽眾 Janice。問題是這樣的:
Question
Hi, I'm Janice. I'm a student in English studies. I'm confused about the uses of 'communication', 'exchange', 'association', and 'interaction', which are all connected with '交往' in Chinese. So, what are their nuances and how do you use them in different situations? Thank you.
Jiaying
謝謝聽眾 Janice 發(fā)來的問題。問題中單詞 “communication、exchange” 和 “interaction” 都與 “交流和分享信息” 有關(guān),但單詞 “association” 通常只能用來指 “人或事物之間存在的關(guān)聯(lián)或聯(lián)系”,沒有 “交流,人際交往” 的含義。
Phil
Yes, 'association' usually just means a link or connection of some kind.
Jiaying
是的。所以,我們接下來重點(diǎn)講一講 “communication、exchange” 和 “interaction” 之間的區(qū)別。先說說名詞 “communication”。
Phil
So, communication – this is the most general word, and we use it to talk about the act of sharing information with someone. This can be anything from whispering in someone's ear to broadcasting to millions on TV.
Jiaying
名詞 “communication” 涵蓋的意思最廣,它指 “交流,溝通,傳播”,包括 “口頭、書面甚至是視覺上的交流和溝通”。所以,不論是和某人在耳邊竊竊私語(yǔ),還是在電視上向數(shù)百萬(wàn)人播放節(jié)目,都屬于 “communication”。來聽兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
Communication has led humans to develop more than other animals.
(交流使人類比其它動(dòng)物進(jìn)化得更高級(jí)。)
Being good at communication is important for any business.
(善于溝通對(duì)任何類型的公司都很重要。)
Jiaying
在這兩個(gè)例句中,“communication” 是不可數(shù)名詞,強(qiáng)調(diào) “交流,溝通” 這個(gè)抽象的概念。它還可以作可數(shù)名詞,指 “(口頭或書面形式的)消息;信件,通信”。
Phil
'A communication' can be used to refer to a letter or a message – either spoken or written. It's something that's sent or published, rather than a conversation. Listen to these examples.
Examples
We received a communication with details of their bid last night.
(我們昨晚收到了一個(gè)關(guān)于他們投標(biāo)細(xì)節(jié)的通信。)
Have you seen the latest communication about the event?
(你看到關(guān)于這次活動(dòng)的最新消息了嗎?)
Jiaying
接著來看名詞 “exchange”?!癊xchange” 和 “communication” 之間的重要區(qū)別是:“communication” 可以指 “單方面的溝通” 或 “單方面發(fā)出的通信或消息”,而名詞 “exchange” 則暗示了 “相互交流”。比如,兩人進(jìn)行的一次對(duì)話就屬于 “exchange”。
Phil
Yes, an exchange is between two people. We can talk about 'an exchange of letters' or 'an email exchange', but we often use it to talk about a bad-tempered conversation – 'an angry exchange'.
Jiaying
名詞 “exchange” 除了泛指 “交流” 以外,還可以具體指 “對(duì)話,交談”。
“An exchange of letters(一系列書信往來)”;“an email exchange(一系列郵件往來)”;“an angry exchange(一次爭(zhēng)吵)”。聽兩個(gè)使用了名詞 “exchange” 的例句。
Examples
We've had an email exchange about it, but we couldn't come to a decision.
(我們已經(jīng)就此事通過一系列電子郵件交流過,但我們無(wú)法做出決定。)
I don't know what that exchange was about – they weren't happy with each other!
(我不知道他們那次在爭(zhēng)吵什么,他們都很生對(duì)方的氣?。?nbsp;
Jiaying
我們來看名詞 “interaction”。
Phil
When we use 'interaction', we're really focusing on how people relate to each other. We might talk in general about 'social interaction', which is all about being with other people.
Jiaying
沒錯(cuò),我們一般用 “interaction” 指 “人與人之間的交流、交往和互動(dòng)”,這里 “interaction” 是不可數(shù)名詞。比如:“social interaction(人際交往)”。聽兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
As people get older, it's important to maintain regular social interaction.
(隨著人們年齡的增長(zhǎng),保持定期的人際交往是很重要的。)
Social interaction helps children develop.
(人際交往有助于兒童的發(fā)展。)
Jiaying
我們還可以用 “an interaction” 來指 “人與人之間以各種各樣的方式進(jìn)行的一次互動(dòng)”,這有可能是 “一次交流和溝通”,也可能是 “一次互動(dòng)的行為或反應(yīng)”。這里, “interaction” 是可數(shù)名詞。聽兩個(gè)例句。
Examples
My interactions with the company have always been difficult.
(我與這家公司的往來總是不太順利。)
I don’t know that person – I've never had any interaction with them.
(我不認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)人。我從來沒有和此人有過任何交往。)
Phil
So, while 'communication' is general and can be one-way, 'an exchange' is more specific and two-way. 'Interaction' is also two-way and can be more general than communication.
Jiaying
好了,希望我們的講解幫助你對(duì)這幾個(gè)詞之間的區(qū)別有了更深入的理解。
如果你在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中遇到了疑問,歡迎你把問題發(fā)送給我們。我們的郵箱是:questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk 你也可以通過微博私信的方式發(fā)送你的問題,我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。謝謝收聽本期 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。Bye.
Phil
Bye!