你問我答
如何形容 “臭”：foetid、stench、stink、 odour、reek、pong、smelly
內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介
一位聽眾想要了解 6 種形容 “臭” 的單詞有哪些不同。Foetid、stench、stink、odour、reek、pong 和 smelly 意義相近，但依據(jù)不同地區(qū)的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣、詞性、場(chǎng)合和頻率等使用方式略有區(qū)別。如果你也想學(xué)習(xí)這些單詞的使用方法，就請(qǐng)接下來(lái)收聽本期 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。
文字稿
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Buli
大家好，歡迎收聽 BBC 英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的 “你問我答” 節(jié)目。I'm Buli.
Phil
And I'm Phil. We have a question from one of our listeners.
Question
Dear BBC 英語(yǔ)教學(xué): I would like to distinguish some words about “臭氣/臭味/臭的” —— foetid, stench, stink, odour, reek, pong, smelly. Thank you.
Phil
This is a brilliant question because, if you look for these words in a dictionary, you'll find very similar definitions for each, and that means it can be difficult to know which one to use.
Buli
是的，問題中提到的這些單詞確實(shí)有一定區(qū)別。不光在含義、使用頻率和場(chǎng)合上，它們的應(yīng)用還可能根據(jù)不同地區(qū)人們的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣而有所不同。
Phil
So, let's start with the biggest difference - almost all of these words always relate to a bad smell. But there is one exception. An 'odour' can be a bad smell, but it's not always the case. And it can be used in spoken and written language.
Buli
“Odour” 既可以用在書面用語(yǔ)中，也可以用在口語(yǔ)里，表達(dá) “氣味” 或 “臭味”。讓我們來(lái)聽下面的例句。
Examples
When we smell a familiar odour, it can trigger happy memories.
（當(dāng)我們聞到熟悉的氣味時(shí)，可能會(huì)勾起些快樂的回憶。）
Perfumers are always finding creative ways to produce sweet odours.
（調(diào)香師總是在探索創(chuàng)造性的方法來(lái)制作芳香的氣味。）
Body odour can be an embarrassing problem.
（體臭可能是一個(gè)令人尷尬的問題。）
Buli
上面的例子向我們展示了用 “odour” 表達(dá)氣味時(shí)，具體是香味還是臭味需要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。比如 “sweet odour” 就可以表示 “芳香的氣味”，而 “embarrassing body odour” 就變成了 “令人尷尬的體臭”。除此之外，“odour” 也是在科學(xué)和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域最常見的表達(dá) “氣味” 的詞匯。
Phil
OK. So, that's 'odour', which is a noun. Now let's look at an adjective, and that's 'smelly'. It's fairly common, and it's neither formal or informal, and it can be used in most contexts, but it does only refer to a bad smell.
Buli
形容事物是 “有臭味的” 時(shí)，“smelly” 是最常用的一個(gè)單詞。一起來(lái)聽接下來(lái)的例句。
Examples
Your food is really smelly. Can you go and eat that somewhere else?
（你吃的東西太難聞了，你能不能到其它地方吃？）
This room is quite smelly because it's got a damp problem.
（這間屋子有些難聞，因?yàn)樗谐睔獾膯栴}。）
Buli
“Smelly” 的使用范圍非常廣泛，特別是搭配 “quite” 和 “really” 等表示程度的副詞時(shí)，可以更加準(zhǔn)確地形容臭味的程度。在描述強(qiáng)烈的臭味時(shí)，我們還可以使用一個(gè)更精準(zhǔn)的單詞：“foetid”。
Phil
The adjective 'foetid', which is usually spelled f-o-e-t-i-d in British English, is most likely to be found in descriptive writing – it's quite formal. It is used to describe something that smells really bad.
Buli
“Foetid” 是書面用語(yǔ)，用于形容 “令人惡心的惡臭”，帶有一定的文學(xué)色彩。請(qǐng)聽例句。
Examples
After crashing through the trees, they came across a foetid swamp that they couldn't cross.
（轟然穿過樹林后，他們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一片無(wú)法穿越的惡臭沼澤。）
The beast's breath smelled more and more foetid as they got closer.
（隨著他們愈發(fā)接近，那頭野獸的氣息聞著更加惡臭。）
Buli
例句中用 “foetid” 來(lái)形容神秘的沼澤和野獸的呼吸，聽起來(lái)就覺得太臭啦！那么，同樣能用來(lái)表達(dá)臭味的單詞 “stench” 和 “stink” 又是如何區(qū)分的呢？
Phil
As nouns, 'stench' and 'stink' have a very similar meaning - they are both a very bad smell, and they are both often used with the adjective 'overpowering' - giving the idea that a stench or a stink is a smell that is so bad, it can stop you doing anything! The big difference between these two words is that 'stink' can be used as a verb. And that isn't possible with 'stench'.
Buli
“Stench” 和 “stink” 都可以用來(lái)指令你難以呼吸的臭味，比如 “an overpowering stench/stink（一股無(wú)法抵擋的臭氣）”。它們的最大區(qū)別就是 “stink” 還可以用作動(dòng)詞，而 “stench” 則只能作為名詞使用。請(qǐng)聽例句。
Examples
The pipe had burst and there was an overpowering stench. It really stank.
（因?yàn)楣艿腊l(fā)生了爆裂，所以那里極其惡臭。實(shí)在太熏人了。）
Well done, you've got rid of the stink that was in here earlier.
（做得好，你把之前這里的臭味除干凈了。）
The factory gave off a terrible stench.
（工廠散發(fā)出一股難聞的惡臭。）
Buli
需要提醒大家的是，“stink” 的動(dòng)詞形式要比名詞形式更加常用。接下來(lái)，我們?cè)賮?lái)學(xué)習(xí)兩個(gè)同樣既可以做動(dòng)詞，又可以做名詞的詞匯，“reek” 和 “pong”。
Phil
Yes. 'Reek' and 'pong' are both nouns and verbs for an unpleasant smell, or to smell unpleasantly. They are both more common in British varieties of English than other varieties. 'Pong' is quite informal, and they are both more likely to be found in speech than in writing.
Buli
“Reek” 和 “pong” 都在口語(yǔ)中更加常見。他們都可以表示 “令人不悅的氣味” 或 “散發(fā)出令人不悅的氣味”。其中，“reek” 在蘇格蘭地區(qū)的口語(yǔ)里還有 “smoky（煙霧繚繞）” 的意思。蘇格蘭城市愛丁堡就擁有 “Auld Reekie” 的昵稱，因?yàn)槌侵性?jīng)總是彌漫著各家各戶的炊煙。來(lái)聽下面的例句。
Examples
There's a nasty pong in the air. Something reeks in here.
（空氣中有種極其難聞的味道。有什么東西在這里散發(fā)著臭氣。）
The reek of rotting fish filled the kitchen.
（廚房里充滿了腐爛的魚發(fā)出的腥臭味。）
You need to clean that. It really pongs!
（你得把那東西清理干凈，它有臭味了?。?/p>
Phil
These are just some of the ways that we can talk about bad smells in English - you will find many more!
Buli
不知道本期節(jié)目是否解答了你心中的問題呢？你還可以隨時(shí)通過微博向我們提問。我們的微博賬號(hào)是 “BBC英語(yǔ)教學(xué)”。
Phil
You can also send us an email with your English language question. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk. Bye!
Buli
Bye.
