Today I had lunch at Jimmy John's and noticed a sign on the wall that showed Warren Buffet's list of 10 Rules. I was so moved by it that I had to change tables in the middle of my sandwich just to get a closer look. Is it any wonder that he is one of the richest men in the world?
今天我在吉姆約翰餐廳吃中飯，注意到墻上寫的“股神巴菲特十大致富秘籍”。我真是被那些規(guī)則觸動(dòng)了，三明治吃到一半，我特意換了桌子離它近點(diǎn)兒好看清楚。(了解之后)我想不會(huì)有人質(zhì)疑為什么他會(huì)是全世界最富有的人。
1. Reinvest your profits. 把你現(xiàn)有的財(cái)富做再投資
"Even a small sum can turn into great wealth," Schroeder writes, if you're disciplined to not touch your profits. Let the power of compound interest work for you.
就像史諾德寫到過的那樣：“再小的資金也能變成大財(cái)富”——只要你管好自己不亂花賺來的錢。要讓復(fù)利(compound interest)幫你賺錢。
小編注：什么是復(fù)利？
指利息計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)是本金加先前累積的利息，與單利相對(duì)，后者指利息只以初始本金為計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)。“按年復(fù)利”(compounding annually)是指當(dāng)年利息只在一年結(jié)束時(shí)一次性納入下一年的計(jì)息基礎(chǔ)。例如，如果存入100英鎊，年利率為10%，那么一年后可獲得110英鎊。如果按單利方式計(jì)算，兩年后可獲得120英鎊，三年后則是130英鎊，而復(fù)利計(jì)算則將上年的利息亦納入計(jì)息基礎(chǔ)，即兩年后可得121英鎊，三年后則是 133.10英鎊。相對(duì)于單利方式，三年后額外的3.10英鎊利息即是復(fù)利作用的結(jié)果。
2. Be willing to be different. 要愿意與眾不同。
Don't follow the herd. Do what is best for you and your situation.
把自己區(qū)別于蕓蕓眾生。做對(duì)自己和自己的處境有利的事兒。
3. Never suck your thumb. 永遠(yuǎn)都別吮手指。
Ah, how I could learn from this one. Buffett makes decisions quickly based on the available information. I tend to sit and stew about things. Acting decisively can give you an advantage and prevent procrastination.
額……這個(gè)該如何理解呢？巴菲特會(huì)根據(jù)已有的信息很快做出決定。我則傾向于坐下來、好好把事情理清楚。果斷地做決定能夠給你優(yōu)勢位置、并避免耽擱事情。
4. Spell out the deal before you start. 在做交易以前一定要搞明白了。
I stress this all the time: Don't sign a contract unless you've read it (especially not a mortgage). Read the fine print. Understand the what you're getting yourself into.
我成天為這事兒煩呢：在簽合同以前一定要好好讀清楚（特別當(dāng)合同不是分期付款時(shí)）。條款一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)讀清楚，要知道自己正要做什么。
5. Watch small expenses. 小開銷也要謹(jǐn)慎。
While it's true that the big things matter, the little things do too. Frugality is an important part of personal finance. But this principle also applies when investing, which is one reason I'm a fan of low-cost index funds.
大事兒要緊這沒錯(cuò)，但小事兒同樣也是的。節(jié)儉對(duì)個(gè)人理財(cái)來說是重要的一環(huán)。這個(gè)原則對(duì)于投資同樣適用，這也是為什么我喜歡低成本指數(shù)基金的原因。
小編注：什么是指數(shù)基金(Index fund)？
指數(shù)基金是消極管理投資基金的主要形式，有時(shí)候被用來指代所有的消極管理投資基金。從廣義上講，ETF(交易所交易基金)也屬于指數(shù)基金。
指數(shù)基金的投資理念是在證券市場上選定一部分符合條件的證券，這些證券可以通過客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（如總資本，總股本，成交量，主營業(yè)務(wù)）選定，也可以通過主觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（如成長性，被市場低估的程度）選定；被選定的證券共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)指數(shù)，每一個(gè)證券都擁有一個(gè)確定的權(quán)重（即該證券在整個(gè)投資組合中所占的比例），指數(shù)基金經(jīng)理按照這個(gè)指數(shù)購買證券，建立一個(gè)與指數(shù)完全相同或基本相同的投資組合。
若投資指數(shù)基金做消極投資，主要是挑目標(biāo)指數(shù)有可投資性的和跟蹤誤差小的，不必過分看中一時(shí)的收益。
6. Limit what you borrow. 要限制自己借錢的數(shù)量。
"Living on credit cards and loans won't make you rich," writes Schroeder. Sure, leverage can get you into a home or a new car, but too much debt is one of the biggest drags on your financial well-being.
史諾德寫過“靠信用卡和貸款度日是不會(huì)變成富翁的?！?當(dāng)然，用點(diǎn)兒小技巧是可以幫你買個(gè)房子、或者一輛新車，但是過多的借貸卻會(huì)打破你的財(cái)政平衡。
7. Be persistent. 要堅(jiān)持。
If you know what you're doing is important and right, stick to it. Doggedly pursue your goals. Learn to "fail forward".
如果你知道你做的事是重要且正確的，那就要堅(jiān)持下去。頑強(qiáng)地追逐自己的目標(biāo)。要學(xué)會(huì)“向前摔跤”。(小編注：即，要從每次錯(cuò)誤中汲取教訓(xùn))
8. Know when to quit. 要知道什么時(shí)候該退出。
The other day, I wrote about the danger of the sunk-cost fallacy. Just because you've already paid $10 to see Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, doesn't mean you should sit through to the end. Be willing to cut your losses and walk away.
我曾經(jīng)寫到過沉沒成本謬論的危險(xiǎn)性。就因?yàn)槟阋呀?jīng)付了十塊錢去看《奪寶奇兵4：水晶頭骨》，不代表你就非要看完它。要樂于割肉、閃人。
小編注：什么是沉沒成本(sunk cost)？
在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和商業(yè)決策制定過程中會(huì)用到“沉沒成本”(sunk cost)的概念，代指已經(jīng)付出且不可收回的成本。沉沒成本常用來和可變成本作比較，可變成本可以被改變，而沉沒成本則不能被改變。在微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論中，做決策時(shí)僅需要考慮可變成本。如果同時(shí)考慮到沉沒成本(這被微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論認(rèn)為是錯(cuò)誤的)，那結(jié)論就不是純粹基于事物的價(jià)值作出的。舉例來說，如果你預(yù)訂了一張電影票，已經(jīng)付了票款且假設(shè)不能退票。此時(shí)你付的價(jià)錢已經(jīng)不能收回，就算你不看電影錢也收不回來，電影票的價(jià)錢算作你的沉沒成本。
9. Assess the risks. 評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
"Asking yourself ‘a(chǎn)nd then what?’ can help you see all of the possible consequences when you're struggling to make a decision — and can guide you to the smartest choice."
做決定前先問問自己“結(jié)果是什么？”，這能幫助你在糾結(jié)著要做決定時(shí)看清楚所有可能發(fā)生的后果，并能指引你做出最明智的抉擇。
10. Know what success really means. 懂得什么才是真正的成功。
Success is different for each of us. Find what it is that brings meaning to your life, what makes each day important. Make this your focus. Buffett says: "When you get to my age, you'll measure your success in life by how many of the people you want to have love you actually do love you. That's the ultimate test of how you've lived your life."
對(duì)我們每個(gè)人而言成功的定義都不同。找到那個(gè)對(duì)你生命真正有意義的、會(huì)對(duì)每一天都有影響的。專注其中。巴菲特說：“當(dāng)你到了我這個(gè)年紀(jì)，你會(huì)重新評(píng)估你的成功，你會(huì)在乎那些你想愛的人是不是真的愛你，這是對(duì)你一生過得如何的終極檢驗(yàn)?！?/p>
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（來源：滬江英語 編輯：Julie）
