附件三

亞太經(jīng)合組織經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展、改革與增長共識(shí)

Annex C

APEC Accord on Innovative Development, Economic Reform and Growth

1.當(dāng)前，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)呈現(xiàn)溫和增長態(tài)勢，但復(fù)蘇并不均衡，需求依然較弱，下行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)猶存。國際金融危機(jī)深層次影響尚未消除，貿(mào)易和投資保護(hù)主義卻在上升。長期而言，為實(shí)現(xiàn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)勁、可持續(xù)、平衡和包容增長，我們亟需提振需求，通過創(chuàng)新發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)改革尋求增長新動(dòng)力。

1. The world economy is growing at a moderate pace, with uneven recovery, weak demand and the balance of risks on the downside. Some of the legacies of the international financial crisis are still with us, and trade and investment protectionism is on the rise. To achieve strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth over the longer term, we need to boost demand and identify new sources of growth through innovative development and structural reform.

2.亞太地區(qū)要繼續(xù)引領(lǐng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，就應(yīng)堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)，尋求增長新動(dòng)力，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展強(qiáng)勁勢頭。

2. For the Asia-Pacific region to steer the world economy, member economies should remain innovation driven and maintain strong momentum for economic growth by pressing forward with innovations and identifying new sources of growth.

3.改革是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的重要驅(qū)動(dòng)力。深化改革有利于破除可持續(xù)發(fā)展的障礙，讓市場在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用，為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境，全面釋放發(fā)展?jié)摿Α?/p>

3. Reform is an important factor in promoting economic growth and innovative development. Deepening reform eliminates barriers to sustainable economic growth, allows the market to play a decisive role in allocating resources, improves the role of government, creates a conducive growth environment, and unleashes the full potential of productivity.

4.為此，我們認(rèn)為亞太地區(qū)應(yīng)繼續(xù)深化經(jīng)濟(jì)改革，堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，圍繞經(jīng)濟(jì)改革、新經(jīng)濟(jì)、創(chuàng)新增長、包容性支持和城鎮(zhèn)化五大支柱開展合作。我們達(dá)成以下共識(shí)：

4. To this end, we believe that the Asia-Pacific region should continue to deepen structural reform, strengthen innovative growth, and promote closer cooperation in five pillars: Economic Reform, New Economy, Innovative Growth, Inclusive Support, and Urbanization. In this regard, we have reached consensus as follows:

——在經(jīng)濟(jì)改革支柱下：

5.我們同意2015年召開亞太經(jīng)合組織結(jié)構(gòu)改革部長級(jí)會(huì)議，推進(jìn)亞太經(jīng)合組織經(jīng)濟(jì)改革議程，評(píng)估亞太經(jīng)合組織結(jié)構(gòu)改革新戰(zhàn)略落實(shí)情況，研究新戰(zhàn)略2015年到期后相關(guān)領(lǐng)域工作方向，探討跨越“中等收入陷阱”問題，考慮將《商業(yè)便利化規(guī)劃》延展至2020年。

5. Under the pillar of Economic Reform, we agree to convene a Ministerial Meeting on Structural Reform in 2015, with the objective of advancing APEC's economic reform agenda, including the review of the implementation of the APEC New Strategy on Structural Reform (ANSSR), setting the future direction of APEC structural reform work post-ANSSR, discussing how to overcome the Middle-Income Trap, and considering continuation of the Ease of Doing Business Program until 2020.

6.我們積極鼓勵(lì)各成員就經(jīng)濟(jì)政策、規(guī)制一致性和良好規(guī)制實(shí)踐加強(qiáng)溝通交流和能力建設(shè)，支持各成員就促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新、改革與增長交流經(jīng)驗(yàn)、分享最佳實(shí)踐。我們同意將跨越“中等收入陷阱”議題納入亞太經(jīng)合組織經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)工作范疇，深入推進(jìn)相關(guān)討論與合作。

6. We resolve to encourage communication, information exchanges, and capacity building on economic policy, regulatory coherence, and good regulatory practices, and we support members' efforts to share experiences and best practices in innovation, reform, and fostering growth. We agree to incorporate the topic of overcoming the Middle-Income Trap in the work program of the Economic Committee (EC) for in-depth discussion and cooperation.

——在新經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱下：

7.我們將推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型，挖掘互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)和綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)等新領(lǐng)域增長潛力。

7. Under the New Economy pillar, we will promote economic transformation, and tap into the growth potential of emerging sectors, such as the Internet Economy, the Blue Economy, and the Green Economy.

8.我們支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展合作，歡迎設(shè)立互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)特設(shè)指導(dǎo)小組討論相關(guān)問題，提出行動(dòng)倡議，并鼓勵(lì)亞太經(jīng)合組織機(jī)制間協(xié)作。我們同意推動(dòng)能力建設(shè)，鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)業(yè)和創(chuàng)新。

8. We support cooperation in promoting the Internet Economy and welcome an Ad Hoc Steering Group to discuss issues arising from the Internet Economy, propose actions, and encourage collaboration across APEC fora. We agree to facilitate capacity building and encourage entrepreneurship and innovation.

9.我們將發(fā)揮互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)杠桿作用，為弱勢群體特別是婦女、青年、殘疾人以及貧困人群參與經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)創(chuàng)造有利環(huán)境。我們支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融健康發(fā)展，建立合作政策框架，為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長服務(wù)。我們致力于建立開放包容的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境，為中小企業(yè)和個(gè)人提供安全、高效、低成本和普惠融資服務(wù)，分享互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)紅利。我們致力于開發(fā)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)潛力，服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

9. We will leverage the Internet Economy to foster an enabling environment for empowering vulnerable and disadvantaged groups especially women, youth, people with disabilities, and the poor. We support the healthy development of internet finance and we will work together to develop the necessary framework for it to become a tool of growth. We commit to promote secure, efficient, low-cost and inclusive financial services to enable SMEs and individuals to share the benefits of economic development, with a view to building an open and cooperative environment for the Internet Economy. We are committed to promoting the potential benefits of the Internet of Things (IOT) to our economies.

10.我們致力于加強(qiáng)亞太地區(qū)海洋合作，建立更加全面、可持續(xù)、包容和互利的伙伴關(guān)系。我們支持各成員重點(diǎn)在下列領(lǐng)域開展合作：海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)與防災(zāi)減災(zāi)，海洋在糧食安全及相關(guān)貿(mào)易中的作用，海洋科技與創(chuàng)新，藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)。我們確認(rèn)《亞太經(jīng)合組織海洋部長會(huì)議廈門宣言》關(guān)于藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)的表述，即藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、推動(dòng)海洋及海岸帶資源和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)管理和保護(hù)、實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一種有效途徑。我們呼吁加強(qiáng)亞太地區(qū)藍(lán)色經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，鼓勵(lì)落實(shí)相關(guān)倡議。

10. We will work towards a more integrated, sustainable, inclusive and mutually favorable partnership through ocean-related cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. We support cooperation on: coastal and marine ecosystem conservation, disaster resilience; ocean-related food security and associated trade; marine science, technology and innovation, and the Blue Economy. We acknowledge the Xiamen Declaration's statement on the Blue Economy, which is, for the purposes of APEC, an approach to advance sustainable management and conservation of ocean and coastal resources and ecosystems and sustainable development, in order to foster economic growth. We call for cooperation on the Blue Economy and encourage the implementation of related initiatives in the Asia-Pacific region.

11.為應(yīng)對(duì)能源和環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的重要問題，我們將致力于開展可再生能源、節(jié)能、綠色建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、礦業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)等領(lǐng)域合作，強(qiáng)化節(jié)約和保護(hù)，促進(jìn)綠色、節(jié)能、低碳發(fā)展，尋找經(jīng)濟(jì)增長新動(dòng)力。為保護(hù)林業(yè)資源，我們將特別注意打擊非法采伐和相關(guān)貿(mào)易，同時(shí)為合法林產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易創(chuàng)造有利環(huán)境。我們歡迎《亞太經(jīng)合組織綠色發(fā)展高層圓桌會(huì)聲明》。

11. In response to important energy and environmental issues, we will work to strengthen conservation efforts, and commit to cooperate on renewable energy, energy saving, green building standards, sustainable development of mining, and circular economy, among others, in pursuit of green, energy efficient, low-carbon development and of new economic growth sources. To protect our forestry resources, we will pay special attention to fighting illegal logging and associated trade, while promoting trade in legally harvested forest products. We welcome the statement of the APEC High-level Roundtable on Green Development.

12.我們歡迎《2014年亞太經(jīng)合組織礦業(yè)部長會(huì)議聯(lián)合聲明》。我們注意到亞太經(jīng)合組織成立礦業(yè)子基金，落實(shí)亞太經(jīng)合組織礦業(yè)十項(xiàng)原則，支持促進(jìn)公私合作的能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目。

12. We welcome the joint statement of the 2014 APEC Ministers Responsible for Mining. We note the establishment of a mining sub-fund to take forward the 10 APEC Mining Policy Principles with an emphasis on supporting capacity building projects involving collaboration between the public and private sectors.

13.我們倡導(dǎo)開放、包容、合作和可持續(xù)的亞太能源安全觀。我們一致認(rèn)識(shí)到提高能效和推廣清潔和可再生能源的重要性。我們期待實(shí)現(xiàn)到2030年本地區(qū)可再生能源及其發(fā)電量在地區(qū)能源結(jié)構(gòu)中的比重比2010年翻番的目標(biāo)。我們鼓勵(lì)經(jīng)濟(jì)體為本地區(qū)天然氣和液化天然氣貿(mào)易和投資創(chuàng)造有利條件，包括放松目的地條款限制。

13. We are committed to championing an Asia-Pacific concept of energy security featuring openness, inclusiveness, cooperation and sustainability. We share the importance of improving energy efficiency and promoting clean and renewable energy in the APEC region. We aspire to the goal of doubling the share of renewables in the APEC energy mix, including in power generation, from 2010 levels by 2030. We encourage member economies to create favorable conditions for natural gas and LNG trade and investment in the region, including by relaxing destination clauses.

14.鑒于化石能源將繼續(xù)在本地區(qū)中長期能源結(jié)構(gòu)中扮演重要角色，我們重申清潔和高效利用化石能源的重大意義。如成員經(jīng)濟(jì)體短期內(nèi)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)煤燃料的替代，我們鼓勵(lì)這些經(jīng)濟(jì)體加強(qiáng)在清潔煤技術(shù)開發(fā)和利用方面的合作，如擴(kuò)大高效燃煤電廠建設(shè)，推廣碳捕獲利用與封存技術(shù)。我們支持感興趣的經(jīng)濟(jì)體安全高效發(fā)展核電，并作為基本能源來源之一。

14. Since fossil fuel will continue to play significant role in the energy mix of this region in the medium to long term, we reaffirm the importance of clean and efficient use of fossil fuel. We encourage member economies, where there are difficulties to quickly deploying alternatives to coal, to enhance cooperation in developing and applying clean coal technologies such as highly efficient coal-fired power plants and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS). We support the safe and efficient development of nuclear power, which functions as a base load power source, in interested economies.

15.我們重申到2035年本地區(qū)總能源強(qiáng)度比2005年降低45%的目標(biāo)，規(guī)范和逐步取消低效和鼓勵(lì)浪費(fèi)的化石燃料補(bǔ)貼，同時(shí)注意向有需求的人群提供基本的能源服務(wù)。我們歡迎成立亞太經(jīng)合組織可持續(xù)能源中心，推廣可持續(xù)能源發(fā)展先進(jìn)理念和模式。

15. We reaffirm our commitments to reduce energy intensity by 45 percent from 2005 levels by 2035 and to rationalize and phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption, while recognizing the importance of providing those in need with essential energy services. We welcome the establishment of the APEC Sustainable Energy Center, to promote advanced ideas and models of sustainable energy development across the region.

——在創(chuàng)新增長支柱下：

16.我們將推動(dòng)科學(xué)創(chuàng)新，促進(jìn)相互同意基礎(chǔ)上的自愿技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、推廣和商業(yè)化，強(qiáng)化知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的利用、商業(yè)化和有效保護(hù)，同時(shí)重申全面和平衡的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)體系的重要性，分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)，培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新人才，加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)，改善創(chuàng)新環(huán)境，追求可持續(xù)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。

16. Under the Innovative Growth pillar, we will promote cooperation in science and innovation; facilitate voluntary transfer, dissemination and commercialization of technology on mutually agreed terms; promote the use and commercialization of intellectual property and ensure IPR protection and enforcement, while reiterating the importance of comprehensive and balanced intellectual property systems; share experience and knowledge; cultivate talents for innovation; strengthen innovation capacity; improve the environment for innovation; and pursue sustainable development.

17.我們歡迎《亞太經(jīng)合組織跨境電子商務(wù)創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展倡議》。我們歡迎各成員營造有利的政策環(huán)境，推動(dòng)新興電子商務(wù)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，以驅(qū)動(dòng)貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，并實(shí)現(xiàn)良好社會(huì)效益。

17. We welcome the APEC Cross-Border e-Commerce Innovation and Development Initiative. We welcome efforts to create a policy environment that enables new and emerging e-Commerce technologies that drive trade, economic growth and societal benefit.

18.我們支持各成員通過財(cái)政和金融政策及其他措施促進(jìn)企業(yè)創(chuàng)新行為。

18. We support members' efforts to promote entrepreneurial innovation through fiscal and financial policy measures and other means.

19.我們鼓勵(lì)各成員強(qiáng)化對(duì)中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)的扶持，支持成立亞太經(jīng)合組織中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)新最佳實(shí)踐數(shù)據(jù)庫。我們鼓勵(lì)成員改善中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)新的融資環(huán)境。我們歡迎中國開展建立亞太經(jīng)合組織中小企業(yè)信息化促進(jìn)中心的可行性研究。我們鼓勵(lì)亞太經(jīng)合組織框架下各類中小企業(yè)服務(wù)平臺(tái)發(fā)揮好支持作用，如亞太經(jīng)合組織中小企業(yè)服務(wù)聯(lián)盟、亞太經(jīng)合組織中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)新中心、亞太經(jīng)合組織加速器網(wǎng)絡(luò)等，提升中小企業(yè)競爭力。

19. We encourage members to strengthen support for innovative activities by SMEs, and support the establishment of an APEC SMEs database on innovative best practices. We encourage members to improve the financing environment for SME innovation. We welcome China exploring the possibility of setting up an APEC SME Center for IT Promotion. We encourage the supportive role of APEC service platforms, such as the APEC SME Service Alliance (ASSA), the APEC SME Innovation Center, and the APEC Accelerator Network (AAN), to improve the competitiveness of SMEs.

20.我們支持各成員深化電動(dòng)汽車創(chuàng)新和以環(huán)境友好型汽車技術(shù)促進(jìn)綠色增長等領(lǐng)域的合作。

20. We support members' cooperation in deepening innovation in e-vehicles and in promoting green growth through environmentally-friendly automobile technologies.

——在包容性支持支柱下：

21.我們致力于加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)業(yè)、就業(yè)、衛(wèi)生、糧食安全、食品安全、農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、婦女參與經(jīng)濟(jì)、青年、殘疾人、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、社會(huì)責(zé)任、商業(yè)道德、反腐敗和安全貿(mào)易方面合作。我們認(rèn)識(shí)到拓展高質(zhì)量就業(yè)和人力資源開發(fā)對(duì)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的重要性，支持《亞太經(jīng)合組織促進(jìn)高質(zhì)量就業(yè)和人員交流行動(dòng)計(jì)劃（2015－2018）》。

21. Under the pillar of Inclusive Support, we commit to strengthen cooperation on entrepreneurship and employment, health, food security, food safety, sustainable agricultural development, women's economic participation, youth, people with disabilities, disaster prevention and mitigation, social responsibility, business ethics, anti-corruption and secure trade. We recognize that promoting quality employment and developing human resources is of significance for innovative development. We support the APEC Action Plan for Promoting Quality Employment and Strengthening People-to-People Connectivity through Human Resources (2015 - 2018).

22.我們鼓勵(lì)各成員采取措施落實(shí)《健康亞太2020》倡議。我們致力于繼續(xù)推進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)中衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的未竟目標(biāo)，同“后2015”議程相互補(bǔ)充；加強(qiáng)慢性非傳染性疾病和傷害的防控；加強(qiáng)衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)建設(shè)，推進(jìn)全民健康覆蓋；健全亞太經(jīng)合組織地區(qū)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件和災(zāi)害的衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備、監(jiān)測、響應(yīng)及恢復(fù)體系。

22. We encourage member economies to take measures to implement the "Healthy Asia-Pacific 2020" initiative. We commit to continue to: work on the unfinished health-related Millennium Development Goals in a manner that complements the activities of the post-2015 agenda; strengthen the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, including injuries; strengthen health systems to support Universal Health Coverage; and improve health emergency preparedness, surveillance, response and recovery systems for public health events and disasters in the APEC region.

23.我們認(rèn)識(shí)到，釋放婦女參與經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力，對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)勁和包容性增長至關(guān)重要。我們歡迎2014年婦女與經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇聲明，鼓勵(lì)各經(jīng)濟(jì)體采取有效行動(dòng)落實(shí)聲明。我們鼓勵(lì)女性利用和依托信息和通信技術(shù)創(chuàng)業(yè)，參與區(qū)域貿(mào)易合作，并致力于有關(guān)能力建設(shè)。

23. We recognize that unleashing the potential of women as economic drivers is vital to growth, both in terms of the magnitude and inclusiveness of that growth. We welcome the statement of 2014 APEC Women and the Economy Forum and encourage all economies to take relevant effective actions. We encourage and commit to build the capacity of women to make use of ICT to start and grow their businesses, and to engage in regional trade cooperation.

24.我們支持各成員推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展、農(nóng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新和科技，并創(chuàng)造良好環(huán)境，以提升農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力、糧食產(chǎn)量和供給；改進(jìn)農(nóng)作物收成后管理，降低糧食減損；以及加強(qiáng)亞太地區(qū)糧食安全和食品安全合作。

24. We support member economies' efforts to: boost agricultural productivity and food production and availability based on sustainable development, innovation, science and technology and an enabling economic environment; improve post-harvest management to reduce food loss; and, strengthen regional cooperation to promote food security and safety.

25.我們支持建立亞太經(jīng)合組織高等教育研究中心，歡迎亞太經(jīng)合組織獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金倡議。我們鼓勵(lì)高官們探討制定各種學(xué)術(shù)交流計(jì)劃和機(jī)制，包括自愿實(shí)施亞太經(jīng)合組織虛擬學(xué)術(shù)交流卡倡議。

25. We support the establishment of the APEC Higher Education Research Center and welcome the APEC Scholarship Initiative. We encourage officials to elaborate various academic mobility schemes and mechanisms, including voluntary implementation of the APEC Virtual Academic Mobility Card Initiative.

——在城鎮(zhèn)化支柱下：

26.我們著眼于通過城鎮(zhèn)化和可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展，為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長尋求新的驅(qū)動(dòng)力。我們支持亞太經(jīng)合組織城鎮(zhèn)化伙伴關(guān)系倡議，承諾建立亞太經(jīng)合組織可持續(xù)城市合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)。我們將通過舉行論壇和政策對(duì)話會(huì)，并發(fā)揮國際友城等項(xiàng)目作用，推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化和可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展的合作與經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流。

26. Under the pillar of Urbanization, we seek to identify new drivers of economic growth by pursuing urbanization and sustainable city development. We support APEC partnership initiatives on urbanization and undertake to establish a cooperative network of sustainable cities in APEC economies. We will organize forums, hold policy dialogues, and utilize international sister-cities programs to promote cooperation and share experiences on urbanization and sustainable city development.

27.我們將充分利用現(xiàn)有資源，推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化研究和能力建設(shè)。我們鼓勵(lì)各成員支持城鎮(zhèn)化合作及城鎮(zhèn)化相關(guān)項(xiàng)目，包括由成員自愿捐資成立亞太經(jīng)合組織城鎮(zhèn)化子基金。

27. We will facilitate the use of existing resources for research and capacity building on urbanization. We encourage member economies to support urbanization cooperation and urbanization-related projects, including by making voluntary contributions to establish a sub-fund within the APEC framework.

28.我們贊賞亞太經(jīng)合組織低碳示范城鎮(zhèn)項(xiàng)目及其推廣活動(dòng)的進(jìn)展。我們強(qiáng)調(diào)生態(tài)城市和智能城市合作項(xiàng)目的重要性，同意探討實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色城鎮(zhèn)化和可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展的途徑。

28. We applaud progress made in the APEC Low Carbon Model Town Project and the promotion activities under it. We underscore the importance of eco-city and smart city cooperation programs, and undertake to explore pathways to green urbanization and sustainable city development.

29.我們鼓勵(lì)亞太經(jīng)合組織高官會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)、貿(mào)易投資委員會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)合作高官指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)、分論壇等機(jī)制進(jìn)一步探討城鎮(zhèn)化相關(guān)議題。

29. We encourage further consideration of urbanization-related topics in the Senior Officials' Meetings (SOM), the EC, the Committee on Trade and Investment (CTI), the SOM Steering Committee on Economic and Technical Cooperation (SCE) and APEC sub-fora.