>Seniors realize fault less
研究:越老越難認識錯誤
A new study published in the latest issue of Neurobiology of Aging showed that the older people get, the less apt they may be to recognize that they've made an error. Researchers from the University of Iowa devised a simple, computerized test to gauge how readily young adults and older adults realize when they've made a mistake. The team recruited 38 younger adults (average age of 22) and 39 older adults (average age of 68) to take a series of tests that involved looking away from a circle appearing in a box on one side of a computer screen. After each failed instance, the participants were asked whether they had made an error. According to the study, younger participants were correct in acknowledging when they had erred 75% of the time. The older test-takers were correct 63% of the time when asked whether they had erred. That means in more than one-third of instances, the older participants didn't realize they had made a mistake. Also, older adults were more likely to be adamant that they did not make a mistake.
一項發(fā)表在最新一期《衰老神經(jīng)生物學(xué)》上的新研究顯示，年齡越大，人們可能越不容易認識到自己犯了錯。愛荷華大學(xué)的研究人員設(shè)計了一個在計算機上進行的簡單測試，以評估年輕人和老年人對自己犯了錯的意識強弱。研究團隊招募了38名年輕人(平均年齡22歲)和39名老年人(平均年齡68歲)進行一系列測試，其中包括不去看電腦屏幕一側(cè)的方框里出現(xiàn)的圓圈。每次失敗后，受試者會被問及他們是否犯了錯。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，75%的情況下年輕的參與者準確地意識到自己犯了錯。當(dāng)被問及是否犯了錯時，年齡較大的受試者的回答在63%的情況下是正確的。這意味著在超過1/3的情況下，年齡較大的參與者沒有意識到自己犯了錯誤。而且，老年人更可能堅持認為自己沒有犯錯。

>Med school in rigging scandal
東京醫(yī)科大曝招生丑聞
篡改成績限制女生錄取
A Japanese medical university has systematically discriminated against female applicants because women tend to quit as doctors after starting families, media reports have alleged. The Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper said Tokyo Medical University had manipulated the entrance exam results of women since about 2011 to keep the female student population low. Other Japanese media, including NHK and Kyodo News, also reported claims of exam manipulation. Quoting unnamed sources, NHK said female applicants' scores were slashed by about 10% in some years. The school's public affairs department said officials were surprised by the Yomiuri Shimbun report and had no knowledge of the reported manipulation. It promised to look into the matter. Admissions records released to the Associated Press by the school show the percentage of women who passed the entrance exam rose from 24% in 2009 to 38% in 2010. The figure has since stayed below that level, falling to 18% this year.
近日，媒體曝出日本一家醫(yī)科大學(xué)有計劃地歧視女考生，理由是女性在成家后大多會放棄從醫(yī)?！蹲x賣新聞》報道稱，大約從2011年開始，東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)就一直篡改女生入學(xué)考試成績來限制學(xué)醫(yī)女生的數(shù)量。包括日本放送協(xié)會和共同社在內(nèi)的其他日本媒體也對該校篡改考試成績一事進行了報道。日本放送協(xié)會援引匿名的消息來源稱，在某些年份女考生的成績被扣減了約10%。該校的公共事務(wù)部稱，部門官員都對《讀賣新聞》的報道感到很吃驚，并表示對報道所說的篡改成績并不知情。他們承諾將會調(diào)查此事。美聯(lián)社從東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)獲得的錄取記錄顯示，通過入學(xué)考試的女性比例從2009年的24%上升到2010年的38%。從那以后該數(shù)字就一直低于38%，今年更是下降到了18%。

>Bin Laden a 'good child'?
拉登母親首次接受采訪
稱兒子在大學(xué)被人'洗腦'
The mother of al-Qaida leader Osama Bin Laden has spoken publicly about her son for the first time. Alia Ghanem told British newspaper the Guardian in an interview that her son had been a shy and "good child" growing up, but was "brainwashed" at university. The family say they last saw Bin Laden in 1999, two years before the 9/11 attacks, when he was in Afghanistan. By that time he was considered a major global terror suspect. "We were extremely upset. I did not want any of this to happen. Why would he throw it all away like that?" Ghanem told the newspaper, when asked how she felt after learning her son had become a jihadist militant.
基地組織頭目奧薩馬?本?拉登的母親艾麗婭?加尼姆近日首次公開談?wù)撍膬鹤印＜幽崮吩诮邮苡鴪罂缎l(wèi)報》采訪時表示，兒子在成長過程中一直是個羞澀的"好孩子"，但在大學(xué)里被人"洗腦"了。拉登的家人稱，他們最后一次見到他是在1999年，即9?11襲擊事件發(fā)生的兩年前，當(dāng)時他在阿富汗。那時候拉登已被認為是全球重大恐怖嫌疑人。當(dāng)被問及得知兒子成為圣戰(zhàn)激進分子的感受時，加尼姆向《衛(wèi)報》表示："我們非常難過，我根本不希望發(fā)生這種事，為什么他會那樣地拋棄一切？"

>Factory gives workers choice
日企無工作時間效率高
Workers at a Japanese shrimp factory don't have to do any work – unless they feel like it. The Papua New Guinea Seafood processing plant in Osaka made huge cuts to its workforce in a bid to improve efficiency five years ago. But instead of letting any employees go, they instead got rid of the concept of a schedule. Now, staff come and go as they please – all they have to do is let managers know how many hours they worked by writing it on a board before leaving. They can even take a day off when they choose without calling in. Some may think allowing staff to manage their own hours would lead to productivity plummeting or a regular shortage of staff. But reports say productivity is up and management costs are down by almost a third. Over the course of five years, there was only one day when every single employee had taken the day off.
日本一家蝦廠的工人什么工作都不用做，除非他們自己想去做。五年前，為提高工作效率，日本大阪的這家巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞海鮮食品加工廠大幅削減了勞動力。但他們并沒有解雇任何員工，而是取消了工作時間表的概念。如今，員工憑個人意愿來去自由，他們只需在下班前在一塊登記板上寫下自己工作幾小時，以便讓經(jīng)理知道。他們甚至無需打電話即可在想休假時候休一天假。也許有人認為，讓員工自行掌握工作時間會導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)效率大幅下降或時常人手不足。但報道稱，蝦廠的生產(chǎn)效率卻提高了，管理成本也下降了近1/3。在這五年里，只有一天所有員工都休假了。

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