2018年以來(lái)，我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨多年少有的國(guó)內(nèi)外復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)新的下行壓力。在這種背景下，我們梳理一下，今年的《政府工作報(bào)告》做了哪些“加減法”。

1. Minus taxes and fees, plus market vitality
企業(yè)稅費(fèi)的“減法”與市場(chǎng)活力的“加法”

We will implement larger-scale tax cuts, and we will introduce both general-benefit and structural tax cuts, focusing primarily on reducing tax burdens in manufacturing and on small and micro businesses.
實(shí)施更大規(guī)模的減稅。普惠性減稅與結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅并舉，重點(diǎn)降低制造業(yè)和小微企業(yè)稅收負(fù)擔(dān)。

VAT reform will be deepened: We will reduce the current rate of 16 percent in manufacturing and other industries to 13 percent, and lower the rate in the transportation, construction, and other industries from 10 to 9 percent, thus ensuring that tax burdens in our main industries are meaningfully reduced.
深化增值稅改革，將制造業(yè)等行業(yè)現(xiàn)行16%的稅率降至13%，將交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)、建筑業(yè)等行業(yè)現(xiàn)行10%的稅率降至9%，確保主要行業(yè)稅負(fù)明顯降低；

We will keep the lowest bracket rate unchanged at 6 percent while adopting supporting measures, like increased tax deductions for producer and consumer services, to see that in all industries tax burdens only go down, not up; and continue making progress toward cutting the number of VAT brackets from three to two and simplifying the VAT system.We will ensure that the general-benefit tax cut policies issued at the start of the year for small and micro businesses are put into effect.
保持6%一檔的稅率不變，但通過(guò)采取對(duì)生產(chǎn)、生活性服務(wù)業(yè)增加稅收抵扣等配套措施，確保所有行業(yè)稅負(fù)只減不增，繼續(xù)向推進(jìn)稅率三檔并兩檔、稅制簡(jiǎn)化方向邁進(jìn)。抓好年初出臺(tái)的小微企業(yè)普惠性減稅政策落實(shí)。

在更大規(guī)模減稅之余，李克強(qiáng)又明確給社保費(fèi)率做“減法”：

We will significantly reduce enterprise contributions to social insurance schemes, and we will lower the share borne by employers for urban workers’ basic aged-care insurance, and localities may cut contributions down to 16 percent.
明顯降低企業(yè)社保繳費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)，下調(diào)城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)單位繳費(fèi)比例，各地可降至16%。

The social insurance premium collection methods currently in operation will be kept unchanged. No locality should take any measure that increases the burden on small and micro enterprises when reforming their collection systems, or require, on their own, that longstanding arrears be paid off in a lump sum.
穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)行征繳方式，各地在征收體制改革過(guò)程中不得采取增加小微企業(yè)實(shí)際繳費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)的做法，不得自行對(duì)歷史欠費(fèi)進(jìn)行集中清繳。

This year, we will reduce the tax burdens on and social insurance contributions of enterprises by nearly 2 trillion yuan.
全年減輕企業(yè)稅收和社保繳費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)近2萬(wàn)億元。

Reducing tax and fees is a major measure to lighten the burden on businesses and boost market dynamism.
減稅降費(fèi)是減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)、激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力的重大舉措。

We will let market entities, especially small and micro businesses, feel the weight of their burden being meaningfully lightened, honoring our promise to enterprises and society, and seeing that no matter the number of difficulties, this important job gets done and gets done well.
要切實(shí)讓市場(chǎng)主體特別是小微企業(yè)有明顯減稅降費(fèi)感受，堅(jiān)決兌現(xiàn)對(duì)企業(yè)和社會(huì)的承諾，困難再多也一定要把這件大事辦成辦好。

He also said as long as market entities are energized, China can boost the internal forces driving development and withstand the downward pressure on the economy.
只要市場(chǎng)主體有活力，就能增強(qiáng)內(nèi)生發(fā)展動(dòng)力、頂住經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力。

2. Minus government expenditure, plus people’s livelihood
政府開(kāi)支的“減法”與民生保障的“加法”

在經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大、經(jīng)濟(jì)增速預(yù)期目標(biāo)下調(diào)、實(shí)施更大規(guī)模減稅降費(fèi)的緊要關(guān)口，李克強(qiáng)明確提出，要給政府開(kāi)支做“減法”。

To support the lightening of the burden on enterprises, governments at all levels must tighten their belts and find workable means of raising funds.
為支持企業(yè)減負(fù)，各級(jí)政府要過(guò)緊日子，想方設(shè)法籌集資金。

The central government needs to increase revenue and reduce expenditures. Profits turned in by designated state-owned financial institutions and enterprises directly under the central government should be increased; general expenditures should be cut by over 5 percent, spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality should be cut by another 3 percent, and all funds that have long stayed unused will be taken back.
中央財(cái)政要開(kāi)源節(jié)流，增加特定國(guó)有金融機(jī)構(gòu)和央企上繳利潤(rùn)，一般性支出壓減5%以上、‘三公’經(jīng)費(fèi)再壓減3%左右，長(zhǎng)期沉淀資金一律收回。

Local governments also need to dig deep, take big steps to improve the mix of spending, and put various funds and assets to good use through multiple avenues.
地方政府也要主動(dòng)挖潛，大力優(yōu)化支出結(jié)構(gòu)，多渠道盤活各類資金和資產(chǎn)。

然而在民生領(lǐng)域，財(cái)政支出不僅沒(méi)有降低，反而在一些領(lǐng)域持續(xù)做“加法”。

China will develop more equitable and higher quality education. Government budgetary spending on education will remain above 4 percent of GDP, and central government spending on education will exceed one trillion yuan.
要發(fā)展更加公平更有質(zhì)量的教育，國(guó)家財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例繼續(xù)保持在4%以上，中央財(cái)政教育支出安排超過(guò)1萬(wàn)億元。

He vowed to ensure access to basic medical and health services, saying China will continue to increase basic medical insurance and serious disease insurance protection for rural and non-working urban residents. Government subsidies for resident medical insurance will be raised by an average of 30 yuan per person, half of which is to be used for serious disease insurance. And China will lower and unify the deduction line for serious disease insurance, and raise the reimbursement rate from 50 to 60 percent.
保障基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。繼續(xù)提高城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)保和大病保險(xiǎn)保障水平，居民醫(yī)保人均財(cái)政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)增加30元，一半用于大病保險(xiǎn)。降低并統(tǒng)一大病保險(xiǎn)起付線，報(bào)銷比例由50%提高到60%。

Although the pressure of maintaining a balanced budget will grow this year, inputs to ensure basic living standards will only be increased and not cut. We will support private sectors in boosting the supply of non-basic public services to meet people’s multilevel and diverse needs.
今年財(cái)政收支平衡壓力加大，但基本民生投入確保只增不減。支持社會(huì)力量增加非基本公共服務(wù)供給，滿足群眾多層次、多樣化需求。

We must stay true to the vision of people-centered development and do everything within our capacity to meet people’s basic needs, resolve key problems affecting living standards, promote social fairness and justice, and help our people achieve better lives.
要堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，盡力而為、量力而行，切實(shí)保障基本民生，推動(dòng)解決重點(diǎn)民生問(wèn)題，促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義，讓人民過(guò)上好日子。

3. Minus government power, plus convenience for enterprises and people
政府權(quán)力的“減法”與企業(yè)群眾辦事便利的“加法”

針對(duì)上屆政府以來(lái)一直力推的“簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)”，今年的《政府工作報(bào)告》又做了這些“減法”。

China will cut government approvals and improve services to create a favorable environment for investment and business startups. The government will further shorten the negative list on market entry and promote across-the-board implementation of the policy of “entry unless on the list.” China will continue to pursue the cut certification to create convenience reform initiative, and see that businesses and the public are not saddled with running from pillar to post for certificates.
要以簡(jiǎn)審批優(yōu)服務(wù)便利投資興業(yè)，進(jìn)一步縮減市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單，推動(dòng)“非禁即入”普遍落實(shí)。持續(xù)開(kāi)展“減證便民”改革行動(dòng)，不能讓繁瑣證明來(lái)回折騰企業(yè)和群眾。

China will conduct impartial regulation to promote fair competition. The government will move faster to do away with all regulations and practices that impede the functioning of a unified market and fair competition. And see that law breakers are punished in accordance with law and the law-abiding are let be.
要以公正監(jiān)管促進(jìn)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。加快清理妨礙統(tǒng)一市場(chǎng)和公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的各種規(guī)定和做法，對(duì)違法者依法嚴(yán)懲、對(duì)守法者無(wú)事不擾。

This will leave companies to spend more time doing business and less time chasing approvals, the Premier said, adding that delivering good services is what a government is meant to do; failure to do so means failing in its duties. We will use impartial regulation to ensure a fair, efficient, and dynamic market.
讓企業(yè)多用時(shí)間跑市場(chǎng)、少費(fèi)功夫跑審批。政府部門做好服務(wù)是本分，服務(wù)不好是失職。用公正監(jiān)管管出公平、管出效率、管出活力。

政府權(quán)力的“減法”，換來(lái)的是營(yíng)商環(huán)境和企業(yè)群眾辦事便利度的“加法”。

This year, all permits required of businesses will be separated from the business license to make it quicker and easier for companies to get a license and start operating as soon as possible; and China will put an end to the phenomenon of “l(fā)etting firms in but not letting them do business.”
今年，要對(duì)所有涉企經(jīng)營(yíng)許可事項(xiàng)實(shí)行“證照分離”改革，使企業(yè)更便捷拿到營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照并盡快正常運(yùn)營(yíng)，堅(jiān)決克服“準(zhǔn)入不準(zhǔn)營(yíng)”的現(xiàn)象。

Reform of the system for construction project approval will be introduced nationwide, and the time of approval needed at every stage of a project will be significantly shortened. China will encourage online approvals and services, and work faster to make it possible for such services to be accessed via one website and processed remotely. If there are more matters that do require presence in person, they should be processed at a single window, within a specified time, and without the need for a second visit, the Premier said.
在全國(guó)推開(kāi)工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目審批制度改革，使全流程審批時(shí)間大幅縮短。推行網(wǎng)上審批和服務(wù)，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)一網(wǎng)通辦、異地可辦，使更多事項(xiàng)不見(jiàn)面辦理，確需到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)辦的要“一窗受理、限時(shí)辦結(jié)”“最多跑一次”。

Government at each level should have the courage to conduct self-reform, further streamline administration and delegate power, speed up the transformation of our functions and the improvement of our performance, and strengthen government credibility and capacity for execution to better meet the people’s new expectations for a better life.
各級(jí)政府要勇于自我革命，深入推進(jìn)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)，加快轉(zhuǎn)職能、提效能，增強(qiáng)政府公信力和執(zhí)行力，更好滿足人民對(duì)美好生活的新期待。

4. Minuses and pluses in more fields
多個(gè)領(lǐng)域都有“加減法”

1小時(shí)40分鐘的《政府工作報(bào)告》還在另一些政策上做了“加減法”。

This year, average broadband service rates for small and medium enterprises will be lowered by another 15 percent, and average rates for mobile internet services will be further cut by more than 20 percent, the Premier said.
今年中小企業(yè)寬帶平均資費(fèi)再降低15%，移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量平均資費(fèi)再降低20%以上。

Cellphone subscribers nationwide will be able to keep their numbers while switching carriers, and cellphone packages will be regulated to achieve solid fee cuts for all consumers to see, he added.
在全國(guó)實(shí)行“攜號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)網(wǎng)”，規(guī)范套餐設(shè)置?！白層脩羟袑?shí)感受到網(wǎng)速更快更穩(wěn)定，使降費(fèi)實(shí)實(shí)在在、消費(fèi)者明明白白。

We will cut the average electricity price for general industrial and commercial businesses by another 10 percent, Premier Li said, adding that the reform of the toll roads system will be advanced, by cutting tolls on highways and bridges.
一般工商業(yè)平均電價(jià)再降低10%。推動(dòng)降低過(guò)路過(guò)橋費(fèi)用。

We will speed up the development of a comprehensive listing system for the collection of fees and charges, making charge collecting open and transparent and leaving unauthorized charges no place to hide.
加快收費(fèi)清單“一張網(wǎng)”建設(shè)?！白屖召M(fèi)公開(kāi)透明，讓亂收費(fèi)無(wú)處藏身。”

We should fully respect and trust our scientists and researchers, and empower teams and leaders of innovation by placing more human, financial, and material resources at their disposal and giving them more power to make decisions on technology roadmaps.”
要充分尊重和信任科研人員，賦予創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)和領(lǐng)軍人才更大的人財(cái)物支配權(quán)和技術(shù)路線決策權(quán)。

We will also work hard to cut red tape to enable researchers to concentrate on the pursuit of learning, innovation, and breakthroughs, he said.
大力簡(jiǎn)除煩苛，使科研人員潛心向?qū)W、創(chuàng)新突破。

Governments at all levels must firmly oppose and put a stop to all pointless formalities and bureaucracy in all its manifestations. We should free government employees from the mountains of documents and endless meetings, from the superfluities surrounding evaluations and inspections, and from report writing and form filling-in, and instead spend our energy on solving real problems.
各級(jí)政府要堅(jiān)決反對(duì)和整治一切形式主義、官僚主義，讓干部從文山會(huì)海、迎評(píng)迎檢、材料報(bào)表中解脫出來(lái)，把精力用在解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題上。

We should cut down on and overhaul matters subject to inspection, checks, and evaluations, and implement an Internet Plus Inspection initiative. The number of meetings and documents will be cut. This year, the State Council and its offices and departments will lead the way in making major reductions to the number of meetings and will cut the number of documents issued by over a third.
壓減和規(guī)范督查檢查考核事項(xiàng)，實(shí)施“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+督查”。減少開(kāi)會(huì)和發(fā)文數(shù)量，今年國(guó)務(wù)院及其部門要帶頭大幅精簡(jiǎn)會(huì)議、堅(jiān)決把文件壓減三分之一以上。

Government works for the public; words can’t compare with actions. All levels and employees of government should be down to earth and practical and eschew doing things for show. We should let what we have achieved in reform and development speak for themselves. We should deliver a good performance in what we do.
為政以公，行勝于言。各級(jí)政府及其工作人員要求真務(wù)實(shí)、力戒浮華，以推動(dòng)改革發(fā)展的成果說(shuō)話，以干事創(chuàng)業(yè)的實(shí)績(jī)交卷。

來(lái)源：中國(guó)政府網(wǎng)
編輯：Helen