政府工作報(bào)告
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

——2019年3月5日在第十三屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第二次會(huì)議上
Second Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China, March 2019

國(guó)務(wù)院總理　李克強(qiáng)
Li Keqiang
Premier of the State Council

各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,

現(xiàn)在，我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向大會(huì)報(bào)告政府工作，請(qǐng)予審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)委員提出意見(jiàn)。
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval. I also invite comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2018年工作回顧
I. 2018 in Review

過(guò)去一年是全面貫徹黨的十九大精神開(kāi)局之年，是本屆政府依法履職第一年。我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨多年少有的國(guó)內(nèi)外復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)新的下行壓力。在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，全國(guó)各族人民以習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想為指導(dǎo)，砥礪奮進(jìn)，攻堅(jiān)克難，完成全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)，決勝全面建成小康社會(huì)又取得新的重大進(jìn)展。
The year 2018 was the first year for putting the guiding principles of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fully into effect. It was also this government’s first to perform, in accordance with law, the functions of office. In pursuing development this year, China faced a complicated and challenging domestic and international environment of a kind rarely seen in many years, and its economy came under new downward pressure. Under the firm leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we, the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, forged ahead and overcame difficulties. The year’s main targets for economic and social development were accomplished, and in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we made major progress toward a decisive victory.

——經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行保持在合理區(qū)間。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)6.6%，總量突破90萬(wàn)億元。經(jīng)濟(jì)增速與用電、貨運(yùn)等實(shí)物量指標(biāo)相匹配。居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格上漲2.1%。國(guó)際收支基本平衡。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1361萬(wàn)人、調(diào)查失業(yè)率穩(wěn)定在5%左右的較低水平。近14億人口的發(fā)展中大國(guó)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了比較充分就業(yè)。
The main economic indicators were kept within an appropriate range. Gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 6.6 percent, exceeding 90 trillion yuan. Economic growth matched electricity consumption, freight transport, and other indicators. Consumer prices rose by 2.1 percent. In the balance of payments a basic equilibrium was maintained. A further 13.61 million new urban jobs were added, and the surveyed unemployment rate remained stable at a comparatively low level of around 5 percent. As a big developing country with a population close to 1.4 billion, we have attained relatively full employment.

——經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)不斷優(yōu)化。消費(fèi)拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)作用進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。服務(wù)業(yè)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)率接近60%，高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、裝備制造業(yè)增速明顯快于一般工業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)再獲豐收。單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降3.1%。質(zhì)量和效益繼續(xù)提升。
Economic structure was further improved. Consumption continued to play an increasing role in driving economic growth. The service sector’s contribution to growth approached 60 percent. Growth in high-tech industries and equipment manufacturing outstripped that of other industries. Harvests were again good. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 3.1 percent. The quality and returns of growth continued to improve.

——發(fā)展新動(dòng)能快速成長(zhǎng)。嫦娥四號(hào)等一批重大科技創(chuàng)新成果相繼問(wèn)世。新興產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)加快轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新深入推進(jìn)，日均新設(shè)企業(yè)超過(guò)1.8萬(wàn)戶，市場(chǎng)主體總量超過(guò)1億戶。新動(dòng)能正在深刻改變生產(chǎn)生活方式、塑造中國(guó)發(fā)展新優(yōu)勢(shì)。
New growth drivers grew rapidly. A number of major scientific and technological innovations were made, like the Chang’e-4 lunar probe. Emerging industries thrived and traditional industries saw faster transformation and upgrading. Business startups and innovation continued to surge nationwide, with an average of over 18,000 new businesses opening daily and the total number of market entities passing the 100 million mark. New growth drivers are now profoundly changing our mode of production and way of life, creating new strengths for China’s development.

——改革開(kāi)放取得新突破。國(guó)務(wù)院及地方政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革順利實(shí)施。重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域改革邁出新的步伐，市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度全面實(shí)行，簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)改革力度加大，營(yíng)商環(huán)境國(guó)際排名大幅上升。對(duì)外開(kāi)放全方位擴(kuò)大，共建“一帶一路”取得重要進(jìn)展。首屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)成功舉辦，海南自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)啟動(dòng)建設(shè)。貨物進(jìn)出口總額超過(guò)30萬(wàn)億元，實(shí)際使用外資1383億美元、穩(wěn)居發(fā)展中國(guó)家首位。
New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. Institutional reforms of both the State Council and local governments were implemented smoothly. New progress was made in reform in key fields. The negative list system for market access was put fully into effect. Reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services were intensified, and our business environment rose significantly in international rankings. Opening up was expanded on all fronts, and joint efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) made significant headway. The first China International Import Expo was a success. Work began on building the China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone. China’s total volume of trade in goods exceeded 30 trillion yuan, and its utilized foreign investment totaled US$138.3 billion, ranking China first among developing countries.

——三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)開(kāi)局良好。防范化解重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，宏觀杠桿率趨于穩(wěn)定，金融運(yùn)行總體平穩(wěn)。精準(zhǔn)脫貧有力推進(jìn)，農(nóng)村貧困人口減少1386萬(wàn)，易地扶貧搬遷280萬(wàn)人。污染防治得到加強(qiáng)，細(xì)顆粒物（PM2.5）濃度繼續(xù)下降，生態(tài)文明建設(shè)成效顯著。
The three critical battles got off to a good start. We forestalled and defused major risks. The macro leverage ratio trended toward a stable level; the financial sector was generally stable. Precision poverty alleviation made significant progress, with the rural poor population reduced by 13.86 million, including 2.8 million people assisted through relocation from inhospitable areas. Pollution prevention and control was strengthened, and PM2.5 concentrations continued to fall. Marked achievements were made in ecological conservation.

——人民生活持續(xù)改善。居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)6.5%。提高個(gè)人所得稅起征點(diǎn)，設(shè)立6項(xiàng)專項(xiàng)附加扣除。加大基本養(yǎng)老、基本醫(yī)療等保障力度，資助各類學(xué)校家庭困難學(xué)生近1億人次。棚戶區(qū)住房改造620多萬(wàn)套，農(nóng)村危房改造190萬(wàn)戶。城鄉(xiāng)居民生活水平又有新提高。
Living standards continued to improve. Per capita disposable personal income grew by 6.5 percent in real terms. The threshold for individual income tax was raised and six special additional deductions were created. Support for basic elderly care and basic health care was strengthened. Close to 100 million payments were made to assist students from families in financial difficulty, covering all school types. More than 6.2 million housing units were rebuilt in rundown urban areas and 1.9 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated. Urban and rural living standards continued to rise.

我們隆重慶祝改革開(kāi)放40周年，深刻總結(jié)改革開(kāi)放的偉大成就和寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)，鄭重宣示在新時(shí)代將改革開(kāi)放進(jìn)行到底的堅(jiān)定決心，激勵(lì)全國(guó)各族人民接續(xù)奮斗，再創(chuàng)新的歷史偉業(yè)。
We solemnly commemorated the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, thoroughly reviewed its great achievements and the valuable experience gained in its pursuit, and pledged our resolve to see reform and opening up through in the new era, thus galvanizing the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to continue their hard work to make new historic achievements.

回顧過(guò)去一年，成績(jī)來(lái)之不易。我們面對(duì)的是深刻變化的外部環(huán)境。經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化遭遇波折，多邊主義受到?jīng)_擊，國(guó)際金融市場(chǎng)震蕩，特別是中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦給一些企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)、市場(chǎng)預(yù)期帶來(lái)不利影響。我們面對(duì)的是經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型陣痛凸顯的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。新老矛盾交織，周期性、結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題疊加，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)中有變、變中有憂。我們面對(duì)的是兩難多難問(wèn)題增多的復(fù)雜局面。實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等多重目標(biāo)，完成經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展等多項(xiàng)任務(wù)，處理好當(dāng)前與長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)等多種關(guān)系，政策抉擇和工作推進(jìn)的難度明顯加大。經(jīng)過(guò)全國(guó)上下共同努力，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在高基數(shù)上總體平穩(wěn)、穩(wěn)中有進(jìn)，社會(huì)大局保持穩(wěn)定。這再次表明，在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國(guó)人民有戰(zhàn)勝任何艱難險(xiǎn)阻的勇氣、智慧和力量，中國(guó)的發(fā)展沒(méi)有過(guò)不去的坎。
Looking back at the past year, we can see that our achievements did not come easily.What we faced was profound change in our external environment. Setbacks in economic globalization, challenges to multilateralism, shocks in the international financial market, and especially the China-US economic and trade frictions, had an adverse effect on the production and business operations of some companies and on market expectations. What we faced were severe challenges caused by the growing pains of economic transformation. An interlacing of old and new issues and a combination of cyclical and structural problems brought changes in what was a generally stable economic performance, some of which caused concern. What we faced was a complicated terrain of increasing dilemmas. We had multiple targets to attain, like ensuring stable growth and preventing risks; multiple tasks to complete, like promoting economic and social development; and multiple relationships to handle, like that between short-term and long-term interests. And the difficulty of making policy choices and moving work forward increased markedly. With the concerted efforts of the whole country, the Chinese economy, from a larger base, achieved generally stable growth while making further progress; and social stability was ensured. This once again shows that the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, have the courage, vision, and strength to prevail over any difficulty or obstacle. There is no difficulty that cannot be overcome in China’s pursuit of development!

一年來(lái)，我們深入貫徹以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央決策部署，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，穩(wěn)妥應(yīng)對(duì)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦，著力穩(wěn)就業(yè)、穩(wěn)金融、穩(wěn)外貿(mào)、穩(wěn)外資、穩(wěn)投資、穩(wěn)預(yù)期，主要做了以下工作。
Over the past year, we fully implemented all major policies and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. We followed the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, and worked holistically to maintain stable growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risks. We handled economic and trade frictions with the United States appropriately. We worked to ensure stable employment, a stable financial sector, stable foreign trade, stable foreign investment, stable domestic investment, and stable expectations. Our main work of the past year was as follows.

一是創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，經(jīng)濟(jì)保持平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。面對(duì)新情況新變化，我們堅(jiān)持不搞“大水漫灌”式強(qiáng)刺激，保持宏觀政策連續(xù)性穩(wěn)定性，在區(qū)間調(diào)控基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)定向、相機(jī)調(diào)控，主動(dòng)預(yù)調(diào)、微調(diào)。堅(jiān)持實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策，著力減稅降費(fèi)、補(bǔ)短板調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。下調(diào)增值稅稅率，擴(kuò)大享受稅收優(yōu)惠小微企業(yè)范圍，出臺(tái)鼓勵(lì)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新等稅收政策。全年為企業(yè)和個(gè)人減稅降費(fèi)約1.3萬(wàn)億元。優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，盤活財(cái)政存量資金，重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域支出得到保障。堅(jiān)持實(shí)施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，引導(dǎo)金融支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)。針對(duì)融資難融資貴問(wèn)題，先后4次降低存款準(zhǔn)備金率，多措并舉緩解民營(yíng)和小微企業(yè)資金緊張狀況，融資成本上升勢(shì)頭得到初步遏制。及時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)股市、債市異常波動(dòng)，人民幣匯率基本穩(wěn)定，外匯儲(chǔ)備保持在3萬(wàn)億美元以上。
First, we developed new ways to improve macro regulation and ensured a generally stable economic performance. Facing new circumstances and developments, we were firm in choosing not to adopt a deluge of strong stimulus policies, and we maintained the continuity and consistency of macro policies. As we conducted regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range, we also improved targeted and well-timed regulation, and carried out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning.
We continued to pursue a proactive fiscal policy, focusing on cutting taxes and fees, strengthening areas of weakness, and promoting structural adjustment. We reduced VAT rates and expanded the coverage of tax relief for small businesses with low profits, and introduced preferential tax policies to encourage R&D and innovation. Over the year, the tax and fee burden on enterprises and individuals was thus reduced by around 1.3 trillion yuan. We improved the composition of budgetary spending, put idle budgetary funds to use, and ensured spending in key areas. We maintained a prudent monetary policy and encouraged financial support for the real economy. In response to the difficulties and high costs of financing, we reduced required reserve ratios four times, and applied a combination of measures to ease funding shortages faced by private enterprises and small and micro businesses. Initial success was thus made in curbing the rising cost of financing. We promptly responded to abnormal fluctuations in the stock and bond markets, and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable. China’s foreign exchange reserves were maintained at over US$3 trillion.

二是扎實(shí)打好三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，重點(diǎn)任務(wù)取得積極進(jìn)展。制定并有序?qū)嵤┤蠊?jiān)戰(zhàn)三年行動(dòng)方案。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性去杠桿，穩(wěn)妥處置金融領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，防控地方政府債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，改革完善房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控機(jī)制。深入推進(jìn)精準(zhǔn)脫貧，加強(qiáng)扶貧力量，加大資金投入，強(qiáng)化社會(huì)幫扶，貧困地區(qū)自我發(fā)展能力穩(wěn)步提高。全面開(kāi)展藍(lán)天、碧水、凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)。優(yōu)化能源和運(yùn)輸結(jié)構(gòu)。穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)北方地區(qū)“煤改氣”“煤改電”。全面建立河長(zhǎng)制、湖長(zhǎng)制?；兽r(nóng)藥使用量實(shí)現(xiàn)雙下降。加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)保督察執(zhí)法。積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。
Second, we took solid action in the three critical battles and made good progress in carrying out key tasks. We drew up and began the systematic implementation of a three-year action plan for the three critical battles. We made steady progress in structural deleveraging, handled risks in the financial sector prudently and appropriately, prevented and controlled local government debt risks, and reformed and improved mechanisms for conducting regulation over the real estate market. We made further progress in precision poverty alleviation. We strengthened poverty relief capacity, increased budgetary input, and encouraged society to assist poverty alleviation. The self-development capacity of poverty-stricken areas was steadily enhanced. We launched an all-out fight to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our land pollution-free. Energy and transportation structures were upgraded. The replacement of coal with natural gas and electricity in North China was steadily advanced. The system of river chiefs and lake chiefs was established across the country. The use of both chemical fertilizers and pesticides was reduced. Inspections and law enforcement for environmental protection were strengthened. And we took active steps to respond to climate change.

三是深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)活力不斷釋放。加大“破、立、降”力度。推進(jìn)鋼鐵、煤炭行業(yè)市場(chǎng)化去產(chǎn)能。實(shí)施穩(wěn)投資舉措，制造業(yè)投資、民間投資增速明顯回升。出臺(tái)促進(jìn)居民消費(fèi)政策。全面推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”，運(yùn)用新技術(shù)新模式改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。深入推進(jìn)簡(jiǎn)政減稅減費(fèi)。取消一批行政許可事項(xiàng)，“證照分離”改革在全國(guó)推開(kāi)，企業(yè)開(kāi)辦時(shí)間大幅壓縮，工業(yè)生產(chǎn)許可證種類壓減三分之一以上。“雙隨機(jī)、一公開(kāi)”監(jiān)管全面實(shí)施。清理規(guī)范各類涉企收費(fèi)，推動(dòng)降低用能、用網(wǎng)和物流等成本。深化“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)”，各地探索推廣一批有特色的改革舉措，企業(yè)和群眾辦事便利度不斷提高。
Third, we deepened supply-side structural reform and steadily unleashed the dynamism of the real economy. We strengthened work to cut ineffective supply, foster new growth drivers, and reduce costs in the real economy. We made progress in using market mechanisms to cut capacity in the steel and coal industries. Measures were implemented to ensure stable investment; as a result, investment in manufacturing and private investment rebounded markedly. Policies were adopted to stimulate consumer spending. Internet Plus initiatives were advanced across the board, and new technologies and models were used to transform traditional industries. We deepened efforts to streamline government functions and cut taxes and fees. A number of government permits were abolished, the reform separating permits from the business license was implemented nationwide, the time needed to start a business was considerably shortened, and the types of industrial production permits were cut by over a third. Oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results was implemented nationwide. We overhauled the charges and fees levied on businesses, and encouraged cuts in the cost of energy, broadband services, and logistics. We advanced the Internet Plus Government Services initiative, the local authorities explored and extended a number of distinctive reform measures, and both businesses and the public now enjoy increasingly better access to government services.

四是深入實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，創(chuàng)新能力和效率進(jìn)一步提升。大力優(yōu)化創(chuàng)新生態(tài)，調(diào)動(dòng)各類創(chuàng)新主體積極性。深化科技管理體制改革，推進(jìn)關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)，加強(qiáng)重大科技基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、科技創(chuàng)新中心等建設(shè)。強(qiáng)化企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體地位，將提高研發(fā)費(fèi)用加計(jì)扣除比例政策擴(kuò)大至所有企業(yè)。制定支持雙創(chuàng)深入發(fā)展的政策措施。技術(shù)合同成交額增長(zhǎng)30%以上?？萍歼M(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率提高到58.5%。
Fourth, we continued to implement the innovation-driven development strategy and further increased innovation capacity and performance.
We greatly improved the innovation ecosystem to keep innovators of all kinds fully motivated. The reform of the management system for science and technology was deepened, steps were taken to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies for key fields, and the building of major science and technology infrastructure and innovation centers was stepped up.
We strengthened the principal position of enterprises in technological innovation, and extended the policy on raising the proportion of additional tax-deductible R&D costs to cover all enterprises.
We developed policies and measures to support innovation and business startups. The volume of contracted technology transactions grew by over 30 percent. The contribution of technological advances to economic growth has risen to 58.5 percent.

五是加大改革開(kāi)放力度，發(fā)展動(dòng)力繼續(xù)增強(qiáng)。深化國(guó)資國(guó)企改革，國(guó)有企業(yè)優(yōu)化重組、提質(zhì)增效取得新進(jìn)展。針對(duì)民營(yíng)企業(yè)發(fā)展遇到的困難和問(wèn)題，千方百計(jì)幫助解憂紓困。推進(jìn)財(cái)稅體制改革，預(yù)算績(jī)效管理改革全面啟動(dòng)。改革金融監(jiān)管體制，完善利率、匯率市場(chǎng)化形成機(jī)制。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村、社會(huì)事業(yè)、生態(tài)環(huán)保等領(lǐng)域改革不斷深化。推出對(duì)外開(kāi)放一系列重大舉措。共建“一帶一路”引領(lǐng)效應(yīng)持續(xù)釋放，同沿線國(guó)家的合作機(jī)制不斷健全，經(jīng)貿(mào)合作和人文交流加快推進(jìn)。出臺(tái)穩(wěn)外貿(mào)政策，貨物通關(guān)時(shí)間壓縮一半以上。下調(diào)部分商品進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，關(guān)稅總水平由9.8%降至7.5%。新設(shè)一批跨境電商綜合試驗(yàn)區(qū)。復(fù)制推廣自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)改革經(jīng)驗(yàn)。大幅壓縮外資準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單，擴(kuò)大金融、汽車等行業(yè)開(kāi)放，一批重大外資項(xiàng)目落地，新設(shè)外資企業(yè)增長(zhǎng)近70%。
Fifth, we intensified reform and opening up and continued to strengthen the momentum of development.We deepened reforms of state capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and made new gains in upgrading and restructuring SOEs and in improving their quality and performance. In addressing difficulties and issues encountered by private enterprises, we used every feasible means to help them overcome problems and concerns. We advanced the reform of the fiscal and tax systems, and launched performance-based budget management reform across the country. We reformed the financial regulatory system and improved the mechanisms through which interest rates and exchange rates are set by the market. Steady progress was made in reforms related to agriculture, rural affairs, social programs, and environmental protection. In opening up, we introduced a series of major moves. Joint efforts to pursue the Belt and Road Initiative are producing a pace-setting effect, cooperation mechanisms for countries along its routes are steadily improving, and economic cooperation, trade, and cultural and people-to-people exchanges under the Initiative have gathered momentum.
We launched policies to ensure steady growth in foreign trade, and cut the time needed for customs clearance by more than half. Import tariffs on some goods were lowered, and the overall tariff level was reduced from 9.8 to 7.5 percent. A number of new integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce were established. Reform measures proven to work in pilot free trade zones were replicated and applied elsewhere. We shortened significantly the negative list for foreign investment, opened up sectors like finance and automobiles wider to foreign competition, and sped up the implementation of a number of major foreign investment projects. The number of new foreign enterprises grew by nearly 70 percent.

六是統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展，良性互動(dòng)格局加快形成。鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略有力實(shí)施，糧食總產(chǎn)量保持在1.3萬(wàn)億斤以上。新型城鎮(zhèn)化扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，近1400萬(wàn)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口在城鎮(zhèn)落戶。推進(jìn)西部開(kāi)發(fā)、東北振興、中部崛起、東部率先發(fā)展，出臺(tái)一批改革創(chuàng)新舉措。京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展取得明顯進(jìn)展，長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展格局不斷鞏固?；浉郯拇鬄硡^(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)邁出實(shí)質(zhì)性步伐，港珠澳大橋建成通車。加大對(duì)革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)改革發(fā)展支持力度。新增高速鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)里程4100公里，新建改建高速公路6000多公里、農(nóng)村公路30多萬(wàn)公里。城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性持續(xù)增強(qiáng)。
Sixth, we pursued balanced development across rural and urban areas and regions and sped up the formation of a pattern of positive interplay. The rural revitalization strategy was implemented with vigor; grain output was kept above 650 million metric tons. Solid progress was made in the pursuit of new urbanization, and close to 14 million people originally from rural areas gained permanent urban residency. A full range of reforms and innovative measures were introduced to advance development in the western region, revitalize the northeast, energize the central region, and support the eastern region in spearheading development. Major progress was made in boosting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Along the Yangtze Economic Belt, efforts to prioritize ecological conservation and boost green development were strengthened. Substantive steps were taken in the planning and building of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was opened to traffic. We expanded support for reforms and development in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas.
Another 4,100 kilometers of high-speed railways opened to traffic, and over 6,000 kilometers of expressways and more than 300,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or improved. With all this, the balance in development between rural and urban areas and between regions has continuously improved.

七是堅(jiān)持在發(fā)展中保障和改善民生，改革發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及人民群眾。針對(duì)外部環(huán)境變化給就業(yè)帶來(lái)的影響，及時(shí)出臺(tái)穩(wěn)就業(yè)舉措。大力推動(dòng)義務(wù)教育教師工資待遇政策落實(shí)，加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村小規(guī)模學(xué)校和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)寄宿制學(xué)校建設(shè)，促進(jìn)高等教育內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展。建立企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金中央調(diào)劑制度，提高退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，城鄉(xiāng)居民基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從每月70元提高到88元。繼續(xù)提高優(yōu)撫、低保等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，殘疾人“兩項(xiàng)補(bǔ)貼”惠及所有符合條件人員。加強(qiáng)退役軍人服務(wù)管理工作，維護(hù)退役軍人合法權(quán)益。深化醫(yī)療、醫(yī)保、醫(yī)藥聯(lián)動(dòng)改革。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)分級(jí)診療。提高居民基本醫(yī)保補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和大病保險(xiǎn)報(bào)銷比例。加快新藥審評(píng)審批改革，17種抗癌藥大幅降價(jià)并納入國(guó)家醫(yī)保目錄。加快推進(jìn)文化惠民工程，持續(xù)加強(qiáng)基層公共文化服務(wù)。全民健身蓬勃開(kāi)展，體育健兒在國(guó)際大賽上再創(chuàng)佳績(jī)。
Seventh, we continued to ensure and improve living standards in the course of pursuing development and enabled the people to share more fully and fairly in the benefits of reform and development.We took prompt steps to ease the impact of changes in the external environment on employment. We made strong moves to ensure the implementation of policies on pay packages of teachers in compulsory education, stepped up the development of small rural schools and boarding schools in towns and townships, and fostered development of substance in higher education. We established a system for the central government to allocate nationwide enterprise employees’ basic aged-care insurance funds, raised retirees’ basic pensions, and increased the minimum basic aged-care pension benefits for rural and non-working urban residents from 70 to 88 yuan per person per month.We continued to increase benefits for entitled groups and subsistence allowances, and ensured that all people with disabilities who are eligible can access living allowances and nursing care subsidies. For demobilized military personnel, we improved service provision and management and protected their lawful rights and interests. Coordinated medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms continued. We made steady progress in developing the tiered diagnosis and treatment model. We raised the level of government subsidies for rural and non-working urban residents’ basic medical insurance and the reimbursement rate of their serious illness insurance. The reform for evaluation and approval of new medicines was stepped up; the prices of 17 cancer drugs were slashed and these drugs were included in the national medical insurance catalog. We sped up the implementation of cultural projects designed to benefit the people, and continued to strengthen public cultural services at the community level. Fitness-for-All activities flourished. Chinese athletes excelled themselves in international competitions.

八是推進(jìn)法治政府建設(shè)和治理創(chuàng)新，保持社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。提請(qǐng)全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)審議法律議案18件，制定修訂行政法規(guī)37部。改革調(diào)整政府機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置和職能配置。深入開(kāi)展國(guó)務(wù)院大督查，推動(dòng)改革發(fā)展政策和部署落實(shí)。發(fā)揮審計(jì)監(jiān)督作用。改革完善城鄉(xiāng)基層治理。創(chuàng)新信訪工作方式。改革和加強(qiáng)應(yīng)急管理，及時(shí)有效應(yīng)對(duì)重大自然災(zāi)害，生產(chǎn)安全事故總量和重特大事故數(shù)量繼續(xù)下降。加強(qiáng)食品藥品安全監(jiān)管，嚴(yán)厲查處長(zhǎng)春長(zhǎng)生公司等問(wèn)題疫苗案件。健全國(guó)家安全體系。強(qiáng)化社會(huì)治安綜合治理，開(kāi)展掃黑除惡專項(xiàng)斗爭(zhēng)，依法打擊各類違法犯罪，平安中國(guó)建設(shè)取得新進(jìn)展。
Eighth, we made progress in building a rule of law government and pursuing innovation in governance and ensured social harmony and stability. We submitted 18 legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for deliberation, and formulated or revised 37 sets of administrative regulations. We reformed and adjusted the composition and responsibilities of government bodies. The State Council conducted major accountability inspections to ensure the implementation of reform and development policies and plans. We made full use the role of auditing in oversight. We reformed and improved urban and rural governance at the primary level. New approaches were adopted to address public complaints. We reformed and strengthened emergency management, responded swiftly and effectively to major natural disasters, and achieved a continued reduction in both the total number of workplace accidents and the number of serious and major accidents. We strengthened oversight over food and drug safety and investigated and took stern action in defective vaccines cases like that involving Changchun Changsheng. We improved the national security system. We strengthened comprehensive measures to maintain law and order, launched a campaign to combat organized crime and root out local mafia, and cracked down on crime and other legal violations in accordance with law. Further headway was made in carrying out the Peaceful China initiative.

認(rèn)真貫徹黨中央全面從嚴(yán)治黨戰(zhàn)略部署，加強(qiáng)黨風(fēng)廉政建設(shè)。推進(jìn)“兩學(xué)一做”學(xué)習(xí)教育常態(tài)化制度化。嚴(yán)格落實(shí)中央八項(xiàng)規(guī)定及其實(shí)施細(xì)則精神，堅(jiān)定不移糾正“四風(fēng)”。嚴(yán)肅查處各類違法違規(guī)行為，懲處腐敗分子，反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)取得壓倒性勝利。
We fully implemented the Party Central Committee’s strategic decision on enforcing full and strict discipline over the Party, and intensified efforts to improve Party conduct and build a clean government. We moved to ensure that all Party members, on a regular and institutionalized basis, work to gain a good command of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s policy addresses and to meet Party standards. We acted in strict accordance with the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on conduct and the rules for its implementation. We took stern action against formalities performed for formalities’ sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. Activities of various types in violation of laws or regulations were severely punished or prosecuted. Steps were taken to bring the corrupt to justice, and the fight against corruption was a resounding success.

過(guò)去一年，中國(guó)特色大國(guó)外交取得新成就。成功舉辦博鰲亞洲論壇年會(huì)、上合組織青島峰會(huì)、中非合作論壇北京峰會(huì)等重大主場(chǎng)外交活動(dòng)。習(xí)近平主席等國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人出訪多國(guó)，出席亞太經(jīng)合組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會(huì)議、二十國(guó)集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)、金磚國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤、亞歐首腦會(huì)議、東亞合作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人系列會(huì)議等重大活動(dòng)。同主要大國(guó)關(guān)系總體穩(wěn)定，同周邊國(guó)家關(guān)系全面發(fā)展，同發(fā)展中國(guó)家團(tuán)結(jié)合作紐帶更加牢固。推動(dòng)構(gòu)建新型國(guó)際關(guān)系，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。堅(jiān)定維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益。經(jīng)濟(jì)外交、人文交流成果豐碩。中國(guó)致力于促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展，作出了世人共睹的重要貢獻(xiàn)。
Over the past year, we attained new achievements in pursuing diplomacy with our own characteristics as a major country. We successfully hosted major diplomatic events such as the Boao Forum for Asia annual conference, the Qingdao Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders visited many countries and attended major international events, including the APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the G20 Leaders Summit, the BRICS Leaders Meeting, the Asia-Europe Meeting, and the East Asian leaders’ meetings on cooperation. China’s relations with other major countries remained generally stable, our relations with neighboring countries saw all-round growth, and our bond of unity and cooperation with other developing countries grew stronger. We promoted the development of a new type of international relations and a human community with a shared future, and resolutely protected China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests. Our pursuit of economic diplomacy and cultural and people-to-people exchanges yielded rich fruit. China endeavored to promote world peace and development and made important contributions recognized around the world.

各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,

過(guò)去一年取得的成績(jī)，是以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想科學(xué)指引的結(jié)果，是全黨全軍全國(guó)各族人民團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗的結(jié)果。我代表國(guó)務(wù)院，向全國(guó)各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團(tuán)體和各界人士，表示誠(chéng)摯感謝！向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺(tái)灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠(chéng)摯感謝！向關(guān)心和支持中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的各國(guó)政府、國(guó)際組織和各國(guó)朋友，表示誠(chéng)摯感謝！
We owe our achievements of the past year to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all ethnic groups in China. On behalf of the State Council, I express sincere thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I express sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I also express our sincere gratitude to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to achieve modernization.

思危方能居安。在充分肯定成績(jī)的同時(shí)，要清醒看到我國(guó)發(fā)展面臨的問(wèn)題和挑戰(zhàn)。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩，保護(hù)主義、單邊主義加劇，國(guó)際大宗商品價(jià)格大幅波動(dòng)，不穩(wěn)定不確定因素明顯增加，外部輸入性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升。國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大，消費(fèi)增速減慢，有效投資增長(zhǎng)乏力。實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)困難較多，民營(yíng)和小微企業(yè)融資難融資貴問(wèn)題尚未有效緩解，營(yíng)商環(huán)境與市場(chǎng)主體期待還有較大差距。自主創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)，關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)短板問(wèn)題凸顯。一些地方財(cái)政收支矛盾較大。金融等領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患依然不少。深度貧困地區(qū)脫貧攻堅(jiān)困難較多。生態(tài)保護(hù)和污染防治任務(wù)仍然繁重。在教育、醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老、住房、食品藥品安全、收入分配等方面，群眾還有不少不滿意的地方。去年還發(fā)生了多起公共安全事件和重大生產(chǎn)安全事故，教訓(xùn)極其深刻。政府工作存在不足，一些改革發(fā)展舉措落實(shí)不到位，形式主義、官僚主義仍然突出，督查檢查考核過(guò)多過(guò)頻、重留痕輕實(shí)績(jī)，加重基層負(fù)擔(dān)。少數(shù)干部懶政怠政。一些領(lǐng)域腐敗問(wèn)題仍然多發(fā)。我們一定要直面問(wèn)題和挑戰(zhàn)，勇于擔(dān)當(dāng)，恪盡職守，竭盡全力做好工作，決不辜負(fù)人民期待！
Only alertness to danger will ensure safety. While fully recognizing our achievements, we must also be clear about the problems and challenges our country faces in its development. Growth in the global economy is slowing, protectionism and unilateralism are mounting, and there are drastic fluctuations in the prices of commodities on the international market. Instability and uncertainty are visibly increasing, and externally-generated risks are on the rise.Downward pressure on the Chinese economy continues to increase, growth in consumption is slowing, and growth in effective investment lacks momentum. The real economy faces many difficulties. The difficulties that private firms and small and micro businesses face in accessing affordable financing have not yet been effectively solved. The business environment still falls far short of market entities’ expectations. Our capacity for innovation is not strong, and our weakness in terms of core technologies for key fields remains a salient problem. Budgetary deficits in some localities are quite large. There are still many risks and hidden dangers in the financial and other sectors. In deeply impoverished areas, we still face many difficulties in the fight against poverty. Ecological conservation and pollution prevention and control continue to be a weighty task. There is still public dissatisfaction in many areas, such as education, healthcare, elderly care, housing, food and drug safety, and income distribution. Last year saw the occurrence of a number of public safety incidents and major workplace accidents. The lessons these incidents left us with should never be forgotten. There is room for improvement in the work of government. Some measures and policies for reform and development have not been fully implemented. We still have a serious problem with pointless formalities and bureaucratism. Excessive and over-frequent inspections and evaluations and a focus on the superficial to the neglect of the substantive have increased the burden on officials working at the primary level. A small number of government employees lack drive. Instances of corruption still occur frequently in some sectors. We must face the problems and challenges squarely, shoulder our responsibility, fully perform our duties, and do all we can to truly live up to people’s expectations.