十三屆全國(guó)人大三次會(huì)議5月28日下午在人民大會(huì)堂舉行記者會(huì)，國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)應(yīng)大會(huì)發(fā)言人張業(yè)遂的邀請(qǐng)出席記者會(huì)，并回答中外記者提問。

The Third Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a press conference at the Great Hall of the People on the afternoon of May 28, 2020. Premier Li Keqiang met with Chinese and foreign reporters and answered their questions at the invitation of Spokesperson Mr. Zhang Yesui.

記者會(huì)開始時(shí)，李克強(qiáng)說，首先感謝媒體朋友們?cè)谔厥鈺r(shí)期克服了特殊困難，對(duì)中國(guó)兩會(huì)進(jìn)行報(bào)道。因?yàn)橐咔樵?，我們用視頻連線形式開記者會(huì)，我想這個(gè)距離不會(huì)影響我們之間的溝通。時(shí)間有限，請(qǐng)大家提問。

In his opening remarks, Premier Li Keqiang thanked the journalists for covering China’s NPC and CPPCC Sessions at an unusual time and despite unusual circumstances. He noted that although the containment protocols require that the press conference be held via a video link, such distance would not impede their communication. In the interest of time, he went straight to questions.

路透社記者：新冠肺炎疫情對(duì)世界各國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)都造成了嚴(yán)重的影響，不少國(guó)家的政府出臺(tái)了數(shù)萬億美元的財(cái)政和貨幣措施，來應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生的沖擊。今年中國(guó)政府工作報(bào)告中沒有設(shè)定GDP增速。根據(jù)路透社的測(cè)算，政府工作報(bào)告中出臺(tái)的財(cái)政措施約占中國(guó)2019年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的4%，這個(gè)規(guī)模比一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的預(yù)期要低，今年一季度中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)首次出現(xiàn)了幾十年以來的收縮。未來幾個(gè)月，中方是否會(huì)出臺(tái)更大規(guī)模的刺激措施？從更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看，中方是否有足夠的政策工具來應(yīng)對(duì)全球疫情持續(xù)蔓延和不斷緊張的中美關(guān)系？

Reuters: The new coronavirus outbreak has devastated economies around the world. Trillions of dollars in fiscal and monetary measures have been pushed out to deal with the fallout. In this year’s Government Work Report, China did not set a GDP growth target. But it did announce fiscal measures worth about 4% of China’s GDP in 2019 according to our calculations. That’s slightly less than some economists expected after seeing China’s economy contract for the first time in decades in the first quarter. So my question is: can we expect China to deliver more ambitious stimulus in the months to come? Does China have sufficient policy options to deal with a prolonged global pandemic and rising tensions with the United States?

李克強(qiáng)：這次新冠肺炎疫情給世界經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了嚴(yán)重沖擊，可以說是史上罕見。最近不少主要國(guó)際組織都預(yù)測(cè)，今年全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是負(fù)3%，甚至更多。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)深度融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，不可能置身事外。所以今年我們沒有確定GDP增長(zhǎng)的量化指標(biāo)，這也是實(shí)事求是的。但是我們確定了保居民就業(yè)、保基本民生、保市場(chǎng)主體等“六保”的目標(biāo)任務(wù)，這和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)有直接關(guān)系。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不是不重要，我們這樣做實(shí)際上也是讓人民群眾對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)有更直接的感受，使經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)有更高的質(zhì)量。發(fā)展是解決中國(guó)一切問題的關(guān)鍵和基礎(chǔ)。如果統(tǒng)算一下，實(shí)現(xiàn)了“六?！?，特別是前“三?！?，我們就會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)今年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正增長(zhǎng)，而且要力爭(zhēng)有一定的幅度，推動(dòng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定前行。

Premier Li: The novel coronavirus disease has taken a heavy toll on the global economy in a way rarely seen before. Major international institutions have projected a negative 3 percent global growth or worse this year. As China’s economy has become deeply integrated into the global economy, it is simply impossible for the Chinese economy to stay immune to such impacts. This year we decided not to set a specific growth target. This is a decision informed by the realities on the ground. In the meantime, we have formulated a series of goals and tasks in six key areas which are closely connected with economic development, with a particular focus on protecting employment, people’s basic living needs, and market entities.

Not setting a specific GDP growth target does not mean that economic development is not important. Our decision is designed for economic growth to deliver more real gains to our people and promote higher quality development in China. We believe that development still holds the key and is the foundation for resolving all the problems in China today. Putting protections in place in six key areas, especially in the areas of jobs, livelihoods and businesses, will help us achieve positive and solid growth this year to the extent possible, and maintain steady economic development.

你剛才說到有反映我們出臺(tái)的政策規(guī)模低于預(yù)期，但是我也聽到很多方面反映，認(rèn)為我們出臺(tái)的規(guī)模性政策還是有力度的。應(yīng)對(duì)這場(chǎng)沖擊，我們既要把握力度，還要把握時(shí)機(jī)。在新冠肺炎疫情蔓延的時(shí)候，我們也出臺(tái)了一些政策，但是當(dāng)時(shí)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)還在推進(jìn)中，復(fù)業(yè)復(fù)市受阻，一些政策不可能完全落地，很多人都待在家里。在這個(gè)過程中，我們也積累了經(jīng)驗(yàn)。正是根據(jù)前期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和對(duì)當(dāng)前形勢(shì)的判斷，我們?cè)谡ぷ鲌?bào)告中推出的規(guī)模性政策舉措，應(yīng)該說是有力度的。

In your questions, you said our measures are seen by some as below expectations. What I heard from many quarters is that our measures are forceful. For any response to work, we must get both the timing and intensity right. When COVID-19 was still raging, some policies were introduced. But with the economy barely reopened, the situation then made it difficult for these polices to get truly delivered on the ground, as most of the people still had to stay indoors. This has been a process of gaining experience. Based on the experience in the past weeks and months and our assessment of the current situation, we have decided on new policy steps of a sizable scale as set out in the Government Work Report, and we believe these measures are forceful.

過去我們說不搞“大水漫灌”，現(xiàn)在還是這樣，但是特殊時(shí)期要有特殊政策，我們叫作“放水養(yǎng)魚”。沒有足夠的水，魚是活不了的。但是如果泛濫了，就會(huì)形成泡沫，就會(huì)有人從中套利，魚也養(yǎng)不成，還會(huì)有人渾水摸魚。所以我們采取的措施要有針對(duì)性，也就是說要摸準(zhǔn)脈、下準(zhǔn)藥。錢從哪里來、用到哪里去，都要走新路。

We have repeatedly said that we will not flood China’s economy with liquidity. We didn’t do it in the past; we will not do it now. But the current unusual time requires extraordinary measures. Just as water is important to fish farming, sufficient liquidity is important to economic development. But too much water will induce froth in the fishpond, whereby some people may attempt to muddy the waters and fish for arbitrage. We must ensure that measures taken are well-focused, the prescription is precise and the medicines for getting out of the hardship effective. New approaches must be employed as to where the money comes from and how it is spent.

這次規(guī)模性政策籌措的資金分兩大塊：一塊是新增財(cái)政赤字和發(fā)行抗疫特別國(guó)債，共兩萬億元。還有另外更大的一塊，就是減免社保費(fèi)，有的國(guó)家叫工薪稅，并動(dòng)用失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)結(jié)存，推動(dòng)國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行讓利、自然壟斷性企業(yè)降價(jià)以降低企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)成本。這一塊加起來大概是前一塊的兩倍。我們是要將這些資金用于保就業(yè)、保民生和保市場(chǎng)主體，支撐居民的收入。這些資金和我們現(xiàn)在全部居民收入40多萬億元的總盤子相比，比例達(dá)兩位數(shù)。

The financing raised through policies of a sizable scale can be grouped into mainly two categories. The first covers the increase of fiscal deficits and issuance of government bonds for COVID-19 control. Together it amounts to 2 trillion RMB yuan. The other category, which is roughly twice as big, covers payment relief for enterprises of their contributions to social security schemes, also known as payroll tax in some other countries, and taps into the balance of the unemployment insurance fund, interest concessions made by state-owned commercial banks, and price reductions in natural monopoly industries to lower enterprises’ operating costs. This money will be primarily used to support jobs, people’s basic living needs and businesses, and sustain household income. It accounts for a double-digit share in the more than 40 trillion RMB yuan of total household income in China.

更重要的是錢往哪里去？我們這次為企業(yè)紓困和激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力的規(guī)模性政策，主要是用來穩(wěn)就業(yè)、保民生，使居民有消費(fèi)能力，這有利于促消費(fèi)、拉動(dòng)市場(chǎng)，可以說是一條市場(chǎng)化改革的路子。

What’s more important is how the money is spent. Our measures of a sizable scale are designed to provide vital relief to businesses and revitalize the market. With a particular focus on supporting jobs and people’s livelihoods, our people will have money to spend and consumption will drive market vitality. This is in keeping with market-oriented reform.

錢是可以生錢的，用之于民的錢可以創(chuàng)造新的財(cái)富，涵養(yǎng)稅源，使財(cái)政可持續(xù)。我們一定要穩(wěn)住當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)，穩(wěn)定前行，但也要避免起重腳，揚(yáng)起塵土迷了后人的路。如果經(jīng)濟(jì)方面或其他方面再出現(xiàn)大的變化，我們還留有政策空間，不管是財(cái)政、金融、社保都有政策儲(chǔ)備，可以及時(shí)出臺(tái)新的政策，而且不會(huì)猶豫。保持中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要。

Money well-spent can create new money. Money invested in the people will generate new wealth, help us protect and preserve the tax base and make public finance more sustainable. We will do our utmost to keep China’s economic growth stable and make steady progress. In other words, we will not kick up dirt and leave a trail of dust that will block the sight of those who follow. We have also reserved policy space on the fiscal, financial, social security and other fronts. And we are in a strong position to quickly introduce new measures without any hesitation should the evolving situation calls for it. It is essential that we keep China’s economic growth on a steady course.

我們堅(jiān)信，在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，經(jīng)過全國(guó)人民的共同努力，一定會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝當(dāng)前的困難，實(shí)現(xiàn)全年目標(biāo)任務(wù)，全面建成小康社會(huì)。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持穩(wěn)定、穩(wěn)住基本盤，本身就是對(duì)世界的貢獻(xiàn)，會(huì)為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)增長(zhǎng)、實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。

I am confident that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and with joint efforts of people across the nation, we will be able to prevail over the current difficulties, fulfill our tasks and goals for the whole year, and complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Keeping China’s economic growth and fundamentals stable will be a contribution to the whole world. And China will remain a positive force driving global economic recovery and growth.