最新調(diào)查顯示，英國一些名校的作弊現(xiàn)象翻倍，除了傳統(tǒng)的作弊行為外，利用“論文作坊”的學(xué)生越來越多。英國大學(xué)校長們呼吁取締“論文作坊”。

Cheating at some leading universities has more than doubled in the past five years, new figures show as Russell Group institutions admit they are struggling to police so-called “essay mills”.

最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，過去5年來，英國一些頂尖大學(xué)的作弊現(xiàn)象翻倍。羅素大學(xué)集團承認(rèn)，他們正在努力監(jiān)管所謂的“論文作坊”。

Russell Group：羅素大學(xué)集團，由英國最頂尖的24所世界一流研究型大學(xué)組成

police[p??li?s]：vt.監(jiān)督

The number of students formally investigated for academic malpractice has quadrupled at Leeds University, from 127 in 2014/15 to 516 last year, according to figures obtained by The Telegraph under freedom of information requests.

英國《每日電訊報》根據(jù)自由信息法案得到的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，利茲大學(xué)正式調(diào)查的涉及學(xué)術(shù)不端行為的學(xué)生人數(shù)翻了兩番，從2014-2015年度的127人增至去年的516人。

Meanwhile, the number at Nottingham University almost trebled from 195 to 514 over the same period, and more than doubled at Queen Mary University London from 104 to 248.

在同一時期，諾丁漢大學(xué)因?qū)W術(shù)不端受調(diào)查的學(xué)生人數(shù)也幾乎增長到原來的3倍，從195人增至514人。倫敦瑪麗女王大學(xué)也翻了一倍多，從104人增加到248人。

It comes amid a rise in the use of “essay mills”, where companies offer essay-writing services for a fee. Also known as “contract cheating”, it is particularly difficult to spot since the essays are written by humans rather than machines and often tailored for individual subjects.

其中，利用“論文作坊”的學(xué)生越來越多?！罢撐淖鞣弧笔侵甘召M代寫論文的公司，這一行為也被稱為“合同作弊”。 由于論文是由人而非機器代寫，且通常會按照要求“量身定做”，這種作弊情況常常很難被發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Some universities have seen decline in traditional plagiarism but this now being replaced by contract cheating, figures show.

數(shù)據(jù)顯示，雖然一些大學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)抄襲現(xiàn)象有所減少，但其實是被這種“合同作弊”所取代。

plagiarism [?ple?d??r?z?m]：n.剽竊

Despite overall academic misconduct decreasing by 27 percent over five years at Cardiff University, there has been a 73 percent rise in “collusion” offences, where students pay their peers to do their work for them or hire professional services.

在英國卡迪夫大學(xué)，5年來整體學(xué)術(shù)不端行為下降27%，但諸如付費給同學(xué)或雇傭?qū)I(yè)服務(wù)代寫作業(yè)這種“串通作案”卻增加了73%。

Essay mills are illegal in some countries and vice-Chancellors have called for essay mills to be outlawed in the UK, amid fears they are undermining the integrity of degree courses.

“論文作坊”在一些國家是非法的，英國大學(xué)校長們呼吁取締“論文作坊”，因為他們擔(dān)心這會破壞學(xué)位課程的誠信。

As many as one in seven recent graduates may have cheated by using essay mills during the last four years, according to a recent study.

根據(jù)一項最新研究，在過去四年中，多達七分之一的應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生可能通過“論文作坊”作弊。

Universities concede that it is hard to spot culprits, with a Manchester University spokesman saying: “Contract cheating is a difficult area to police and there are a number of external services marketing themselves to students around this area.”

多所大學(xué)承認(rèn)很難找出作弊者。曼徹斯特大學(xué)的一位發(fā)言人說：“合同作弊是一個很難監(jiān)管的領(lǐng)域，有很多外部機構(gòu)向?qū)W生推銷自己的服務(wù)?！?/p>

Experts have warned that essay mills have become more common in recent years, with labour being outsourced to unemployed university graduates in countries like Kenya, India and Pakistan.

專家警告說，“論文作坊”近年來變得越來越普遍，這些工作被“外包”給肯尼亞、印度和巴基斯坦等國的失業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。

Dr Irene Glendinning, an academic manager at Coventry University and vice president European Network for Academic Integrity said these figures are just the tip of the iceberg since so many instances go unnoticed.

考文垂大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)主管、歐洲學(xué)術(shù)誠信網(wǎng)絡(luò)副總裁艾琳?格蘭丁尼博士表示，這些數(shù)據(jù)只是冰山一角，因為很多事例都沒有引起人們的注意。

She added that students are being “bombarded” with advertisements for essay mills on social media as well as on campus.

她補充說，學(xué)生們在社交媒體和校園里被“論文作坊”的廣告“轟炸”。

All Russell Group universities said they take academic misconduct cases extremely seriously, and that the number of students investigated remains low.

羅素大學(xué)集團的所有大學(xué)都表示，他們非常重視學(xué)術(shù)不端事件，被調(diào)查的學(xué)生人數(shù)仍然很少。

A number are implementing new strategies in an attempt to crack down on essay mills. Manchester University said it has recently added new clauses to its plagiarism procedures to specifically cover essay mills, while University College London said that from the start of this academic year, they can now viva students suspected on contract cheating.

目前，一些英國大學(xué)正在實施新策略來打擊“論文作坊”。 曼徹斯特大學(xué)表示，該校最近在作弊條例中增加了新條款，專門應(yīng)對論文代寫的情況。倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院也表示，從本學(xué)年開始，學(xué)校將對疑似“合同作弊”的學(xué)生進行口試。

viva[?vi?v?; ?va?v?]：n.口頭測驗，口試

A Nottingham University spokesman said: “the best way to tackle essay mills is for the government to legislate against them and block their webpages at a national level”.

諾丁漢大學(xué)的一名發(fā)言人說：“對付論文作坊的最好辦法是政府立法禁止他們，并在全國范圍內(nèi)屏蔽他們的網(wǎng)頁?！?/p>

來源：每日電訊報、環(huán)球時報

翻譯&編輯：yaning