消極悲觀的害處有多大？新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，長期的消極思維習(xí)慣會增加患老年癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？茨阋院筮€敢喪嗎？

Persistently engaging in negative thinking patterns may raise the risk of Alzheimer's disease, finds a new UCL-led study.

倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院領(lǐng)頭的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，總是采用消極的思維模式可能會提高患阿茲海默癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

In the study of people aged over 55, published in Alzheimer's & Dementia, researchers found 'repetitive negative thinking' (RNT) is linked to subsequent cognitive decline as well as the deposition of harmful brain proteins linked to Alzheimer's.

這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《阿茲海默癥與癡呆癥》，以55歲以上人群為調(diào)查目標(biāo)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，“反復(fù)消極思維”可能會引發(fā)日后的認(rèn)知能力下降以及和阿茲海默癥有關(guān)的有害腦蛋白的沉積。

Lead author Dr Natalie Marchant (UCL Psychiatry) said: "Depression and anxiety in mid-life and old age are already known to be risk factors for dementia. Here, we found that certain thinking patterns implicated in depression and anxiety could be an underlying reason why people with those disorders are more likely to develop dementia.

該研究的首席作者、倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院精神病學(xué)的娜塔莉·馬錢特博士說：“我們已經(jīng)知道，中老年的抑郁和焦慮是引發(fā)癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。在這項(xiàng)研究中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)抑郁癥和焦慮癥患者常有的某些思維模式可能是這些人更容易患上癡呆癥的背后原因?！?/p>

"We hope that our findings could be used to develop strategies to lower people's risk of dementia by helping them to reduce their negative thinking patterns."

“我們希望我們的研究結(jié)果可以被用來制定策略，通過幫助人們減少消極思維來降低患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”

For the Alzheimer's Society-supported study, the research team from UCL, INSERM and McGill University studied 292 people over the age of 55 who were part of the PREVENT-AD cohort study, and a further 68 people from the IMAP+ cohort.

在阿茲海默癥學(xué)會贊助的這項(xiàng)研究中，來自倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院、國家健康與醫(yī)學(xué)研究院和麥吉爾大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了來自預(yù)防阿茲海默癥隊(duì)列研究中的部分研究對象——年齡在55歲以上的292人，還有來自IMAP+隊(duì)列研究項(xiàng)目的68人。

Over a period of two years, the study participants responded to questions about how they typically think about negative experiences, focusing on RNT patterns like rumination about the past and worry about the future. The participants also completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms.

在兩年時(shí)間內(nèi)，研究參與者回答了一些問題，包括他們通常如何看待負(fù)面經(jīng)歷，是否會采用消極思維模式，比如反思過去或?qū)砀械綋?dān)憂。參與者還完成了抑郁癥和焦慮癥的癥狀測試。

Their cognitive function was assessed, measuring memory, attention, spatial cognition, and language. Some (113) of the participants also underwent PET brain scans, measuring deposits of tau and amyloid, two proteins which cause the most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, when they build up in the brain.

研究人員評估了他們的認(rèn)知能力，測試了記憶力、注意力、空間認(rèn)知力和語言能力。一些參與者（113人）還接受了PET腦部掃描，測量了陶蛋白和淀粉樣蛋白的沉積物，當(dāng)這兩種蛋白質(zhì)在大腦內(nèi)堆積時(shí)，會引發(fā)最常見的癡呆癥——阿茲海默癥。

PET: 正電子放射斷層造影術(shù)

The researchers found that people who exhibited higher RNT patterns experienced more cognitive decline over a four-year period, and declines in memory (which is among the earlier signs of Alzheimer's disease), and they were more likely to have amyloid and tau deposits in their brain.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，展示出更高水平反復(fù)性消極思維模式的人在四年內(nèi)經(jīng)歷了更嚴(yán)重的認(rèn)知衰退和記憶力下降（阿茲海默癥的早期征兆之一），這些人的大腦中也更可能有陶蛋白和淀粉樣蛋白的沉積物。

Depression and anxiety were associated with subsequent cognitive decline but not with either amyloid or tau deposition, suggesting that RNT could be the main reason why depression and anxiety contribute to Alzheimer's disease risk.

抑郁癥和焦慮癥與日后的認(rèn)知能力下降有關(guān)，但與陶蛋白和淀粉樣蛋白的沉積物無關(guān)，這表明反復(fù)性消極思維可能是抑郁癥和焦慮癥引起阿茲海默癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)升高的主要原因。

"We propose that repetitive negative thinking may be a new risk factor for dementia as it could contribute to dementia in a unique way," said Dr Marchant.

馬錢特說：“我們認(rèn)為，反復(fù)性消極思維可能是癡呆癥的一個(gè)新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素，因?yàn)樗赡軙砸环N獨(dú)特的方式引發(fā)癡呆癥?！?/p>

The researchers suggest that RNT may contribute to Alzheimer's risk via its impact on indicators of stress such as high blood pressure, as other studies have found that physiological stress can contribute to amyloid and tau deposition.

研究人員指出，反復(fù)性消極思維可能會通過影響高血壓等壓力指標(biāo)來提高患阿茲海默癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。其他研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，生理壓力會導(dǎo)致陶蛋白和淀粉樣蛋白的沉積。

Co-author Dr Gael Chételat commented: "Our thoughts can have a biological impact on our physical health, which might be positive or negative. Mental training practices such as meditation might help promoting positive- while down-regulating negative-associated mental schemes.

該研究的合著者蓋爾·柴特拉博士評論道：“我們的思維會對我們的身體健康產(chǎn)生生物學(xué)影響，可能是正面的也可能是負(fù)面的。冥想等心理訓(xùn)練可能有助于促進(jìn)積極思維，調(diào)節(jié)消極的心理機(jī)制?！?/p>

"Looking after your mental health is important, and it should be a major public health priority, as it's not only important for people's health and well-being in the short term, but it could also impact your eventual risk of dementia."

“關(guān)愛自己的心理健康很重要，而且應(yīng)該被作為公共健康的關(guān)注重點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樾睦斫】挡粌H在短期內(nèi)對人的身體健康和幸福很重要，而且還能影響你最終患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?/p>

英文來源：科學(xué)日報(bào)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮