美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)和麻省理工學(xué)院7月8日提起聯(lián)邦訴訟，以阻止美國(guó)政府實(shí)施針對(duì)留學(xué)生的簽證新規(guī)。為施壓美國(guó)大學(xué)重啟校園，美國(guó)國(guó)土安全部下屬移民和海關(guān)執(zhí)法局7月6日發(fā)布通告說(shuō)，2020年秋季學(xué)期的留學(xué)生如果僅上網(wǎng)課，將無(wú)法取得赴美簽證或維持當(dāng)前簽證。 

Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on Wednesday sued the Trump administration over its guidance not allowing foreign students to take online-only courses in the US this fall semester.

哈佛大學(xué)和麻省理工學(xué)院本周三（7月8日）對(duì)美國(guó)政府提起訴訟。之前，美國(guó)政府宣布禁止在今年秋季學(xué)期僅參加在線課程的國(guó)際學(xué)生留在美國(guó)。

Harvard announced earlier this week that all course instruction will be delivered online, including for students living on campus. In a statement provided to CNN, the university said the guidance stands to affect approximately 5,000 international students.

哈佛大學(xué)本周早些時(shí)候宣布，所有課程都將在網(wǎng)上授課，包括對(duì)住校學(xué)生的授課。哈佛大學(xué)在提供給美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)的一份聲明中表示，美國(guó)政府的這一政策將影響該校大約5000名國(guó)際學(xué)生。

"The order came down without notice—its cruelty surpassed only by its recklessness. It appears that it was designed purposefully to place pressure on colleges and universities to open their on-campus classrooms for in-person instruction this fall, without regard to concerns for the health and safety of students, instructors, and others," Harvard University President Larry Bacow said.

哈佛大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)拉里·巴考說(shuō)：“這一政策事先沒(méi)有任何通知，不僅殘酷更是魯莽。這似乎是有意給高校施加壓力，要求他們?cè)诮衲昵锾扉_(kāi)放校園課堂，進(jìn)行線下授課，而不考慮學(xué)生、教師和其他人的健康和安全問(wèn)題?！?/p>

Visa requirements for students have always been strict and coming to the US to take online-only courses has been prohibited. Immigration and Customs Enforcement maintained that prohibition in its guidance, while providing some flexibility for hybrid models, meaning a mix of online and in-person classes.

美國(guó)對(duì)學(xué)生簽證的要求一直很嚴(yán)格，來(lái)美國(guó)上在線課程已經(jīng)被禁止。移民和海關(guān)執(zhí)法局在其規(guī)定中堅(jiān)持這一禁令，但同時(shí)為混合教學(xué)模式提供了一些靈活性，即在線和線下授課的混合模式。

The agency suggested that students currently enrolled in the US consider other measures, like transferring to schools with in-person instruction.

移民和海關(guān)執(zhí)法局建議目前在美國(guó)就讀的國(guó)際學(xué)生考慮其他辦法，比如轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)到有線下授課的學(xué)校。

Students enrolled in a school "operating entirely online" must either leave the country or transfer to a school that is offering in-person classes, ICE said.

移民和海關(guān)執(zhí)法局表示，如果就讀的學(xué)?！爸婚_(kāi)設(shè)在線課程”，學(xué)生必須離開(kāi)美國(guó)，或轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)到開(kāi)設(shè)線下課程的學(xué)校。

"If not, they may face immigration consequences including, but not limited to, the initiation of removal proceedings," a news release said.

該機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)表的新聞稿中稱：“如果違反規(guī)定，他們可能面臨相應(yīng)的后果，包括但不限于被驅(qū)逐出境?！?/p>

The ICE announcement said that students enrolled in schools that offer a combination of in-person and online classes will be permitted to continue as long as the school certifies that the program is not all online, that the student is not exclusively taking online classes, and that "the student is taking the minimum number of online classes required to make normal progress in their degree program."

移民和海關(guān)執(zhí)法局的聲明稱，只要高校提供線上和線下混合教學(xué)，證明課程不全是在線的，學(xué)生并不是只就讀在線課程，并且“為了在學(xué)位課程中取得正常進(jìn)展，學(xué)生在修讀最低數(shù)量的在線課程”，學(xué)生就可以繼續(xù)留在美國(guó)。

In an FAQ published by the agency, the Department of Homeland Security reasoned that "all students scheduled to study at a US institution in the fall will be able to do so, though some will be required to study from abroad if their presence is not required for any in-person classes in the United States."

在該機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)表的問(wèn)答中，美國(guó)國(guó)土安全部認(rèn)為“所有打算今年秋季在美國(guó)高校留學(xué)的學(xué)生都將能夠這樣做，雖然有些不必來(lái)校園上課的學(xué)生將被要求在國(guó)外在線學(xué)習(xí)?！?/p>

The lawsuit, filed in the US District Court for the District of Massachusetts, seeks to block the directive, arguing it violates the Administrative Procedures Act. The universities argue that ICE's decision not to provide an exemption for online-only courses puts them in an "untenable situation" of either proceeding with their plans to operate fully or largely online or attempt to provide in-person learning.

該訴訟已經(jīng)提交給美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州地區(qū)法院，試圖阻止這一政策，稱其違反了《行政程序法》。兩所大學(xué)認(rèn)為，移民和海關(guān)執(zhí)法局決定不為純?cè)诰€課程提供豁免，使其處于“站不住腳的境地”，要么繼續(xù)他們的計(jì)劃，全部或大部分教學(xué)都在線上進(jìn)行，要么嘗試提供線下授課。

The lawsuit also underscores the challenge posed to students: "Just weeks from the start of the fall semester, these students are largely unable to transfer to universities providing on-campus instruction, notwithstanding ICE's suggestion that they might do so to avoid removal from the country."

這起訴訟也突顯了學(xué)生面臨的挑戰(zhàn)：“距離秋季學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)僅有幾周時(shí)間，這些學(xué)生大多無(wú)法轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)到提供線下授課的大學(xué)，盡管移民和海關(guān)執(zhí)法局建議他們可以這樣做，以避免被驅(qū)逐出境?！?/p>

It continues: "Moreover, for many students, returning to their home countries to participate in online instruction is impossible, impracticable, prohibitively expensive, and/or dangerous."

訴訟中繼續(xù)寫(xiě)道：“此外，對(duì)許多學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，回到自己的國(guó)家參加在線教學(xué)是不可能的，不可行的，成本高得令人望而卻步，或者很危險(xiǎn)?！?/p>

Harvard and MIT's lawsuit also received support from Cornell. The university said its international students will largely not be affected due to hybrid teaching, but expressed strong opposition.

哈佛大學(xué)和麻省理工學(xué)院的訴訟也得到了康奈爾大學(xué)的支持?？的螤柎髮W(xué)表示，由于實(shí)施混合教學(xué)模式，該校的國(guó)際學(xué)生在很大程度上不會(huì)受到這一政策的影響，但仍對(duì)此表示強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。

"This was wholly unexpected, and it is a senseless and unfair policy that runs counter to all that we stand for as a global academic community," said Martha E. Pollack, president of Cornell University. There are more than 1 million international students in the US.

康奈爾大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)瑪莎·E.波拉克說(shuō)：“這完全出乎意料，這是一項(xiàng)毫無(wú)意義、不公平的政策，與我們作為國(guó)際化的學(xué)術(shù)界所主張的一切背道而馳?！泵绹?guó)國(guó)際學(xué)生人數(shù)超過(guò)100萬(wàn)。

英文來(lái)源：CNN、abcnews

翻譯&編輯：yaning