英國(guó)的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在控制新冠病毒傳播這件事上，音量很關(guān)鍵。相比大喊大叫和高聲唱歌，輕聲講話和唱歌產(chǎn)生的氣溶膠總量要低得多，從而能降低新冠病毒傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Sing softly and don’t shout to reduce the risk of Covid-19 spread, new research suggests, offering a ray of hope for musicians who have been restricted from performing in public.

新研究指出，輕聲歌唱、不喊叫可以降低新冠病毒傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這給那些被限制在公共場(chǎng)合表演的音樂(lè)家?guī)?lái)了一絲希望。

Music makers have been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic, with singing, as well as playing of woodwind and brass instruments deemed to be a potential high risk for spreading the disease – a concern fuelled by outbreaks in choirs.

音樂(lè)家受疫情打擊很嚴(yán)重，因?yàn)檠莩约按底嗄竟芎豌~管樂(lè)器被視為傳播新冠肺炎的潛在高危因素，合唱團(tuán)暴發(fā)的聚集性病例加劇了這一擔(dān)憂。

But the research offers hope to performers keen to get back on stage as soon as possible.

但是這項(xiàng)研究為那些想盡快回到舞臺(tái)的表演者帶來(lái)了希望。

"It is not about the vocalisation – whether it’s singing or speaking – it is about the volume,” said Jonathan Reid, a professor of physical chemistry at the University of Bristol and a co-author of the research. “Just by singing a little bit more softly you really reduce the risk.”

該研究的合著者、布里斯托大學(xué)物理化學(xué)系教授喬納森·里德說(shuō)：“無(wú)論是唱歌還是說(shuō)話，都與發(fā)聲方式無(wú)關(guān)，而是與音量有關(guān)。唱歌時(shí)稍微輕柔一些就能降低傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”

In a study that has yet to be peer-reviewed, the team report how they asked 25 professional singers to breathe, speak, cough and sing into funnels. They then measured the mass of tiny droplets suspended in the air, known as aerosols, that were produced. The experiments were set up in an orthopaedic operating theatre, a setting chosen for its lack of background aerosols.

在一項(xiàng)尚未經(jīng)過(guò)同行評(píng)議的研究中，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)請(qǐng)25名專業(yè)歌手對(duì)著漏斗狀的器具呼吸、講話、咳嗽和唱歌。然后他們測(cè)量了由此產(chǎn)生的氣溶膠（在空氣中懸浮的微小飛沫）的總量。實(shí)驗(yàn)在一個(gè)骨科手術(shù)室進(jìn)行，選擇這個(gè)環(huán)境是因?yàn)檫@里的氣溶膠較少。

While one route by which Covid-19 spreads is via big droplets, largely produced when someone coughs and which fall to the ground within a couple of metres, Reid said aerosols were another possible route, noting such tiny droplets can linger in the air.

新冠病毒傳播的一條路徑是通過(guò)飛沫，大多是在某人咳嗽時(shí)產(chǎn)生，在一兩米的距離內(nèi)會(huì)落到地面。里德表示，氣溶膠是另外一條可能的傳播路徑，他指出微小的飛沫會(huì)懸浮在空氣中。

The team found the results of their study varied across participants, however at the lowest volume singing and speaking generated a similar mass of aerosols as breathing.

研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，參與者的結(jié)果各有不同，但是用最低音量唱歌和說(shuō)話的人產(chǎn)生的氣溶膠和呼吸時(shí)產(chǎn)生的氣溶膠數(shù)量相近。

But when the team asked participants to recite Happy Birthday at different volumes, they found the loudest singing and speaking – 90-100dB – produced about 36 and 24 times the mass of aerosols respectively as generated by breathing.

但是當(dāng)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)請(qǐng)參與者用不同音量唱《生日快樂(lè)》這首歌時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)用最大音量（90到100分貝）唱歌和說(shuō)話所產(chǎn)生的氣溶膠分別是呼吸所產(chǎn)生的氣溶膠的36倍和24倍。

"The volume of the activity, whether it is speaking or singing softly or speaking or singing loudly, that is really the main factor in governing the aerosol mass that is generated,” said Reid, adding that while singing generates a slightly higher mass of aerosols than speaking, at least when loud, the difference is very small compared with the effect of volume.

里德說(shuō)：“無(wú)論是輕聲講話或唱歌還是大聲講話或唱歌，音量確實(shí)是決定產(chǎn)生的氣溶膠總量的主要因素?！彼a(bǔ)充道，盡管唱歌時(shí)產(chǎn)生的氣溶膠總量比講話時(shí)產(chǎn)生的氣溶膠總量略高（至少在大聲唱歌和講話時(shí)是如此），二者區(qū)別和音量引起的區(qū)別相比微乎其微。

Co-author Declan Costello, an ear, nose and throat surgeon at Wexham Park hospital, noted other factors, including the size of the space and ventilation and duration of loud vocalisation, play an important role in potential infection risk.

研究報(bào)告的合著者、韋克斯?jié)h姆公園醫(yī)院的耳鼻喉外科醫(yī)生德克蘭·科斯特洛指出，空間大小、通風(fēng)情況和高音量發(fā)聲持續(xù)時(shí)間等其他因素對(duì)潛在感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也有重要影響。

In other words singing in a cathedral might pose a lower risk for spreading Covid-19 than shouting across a crowded pub. “Intuitively that would seem to be the case, assuming people are speaking or singing at the same sorts of volume,” said Costello.

換言之，在大教堂中唱歌相比在擁擠的酒館中大叫造成的新冠病毒傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能更低?？扑固芈逭f(shuō)：“憑直覺(jué)來(lái)說(shuō)是這樣，假定人們講話或唱歌的音量相等?！?/p>

However the research has limitations: it only measured aerosols produced by one individual at a time, while it did not look at how much virus was contained in the aerosol or the actual infection risk posed by the levels of aerosol produced.

但是這項(xiàng)研究也有局限性：它只測(cè)量了一個(gè)人一次性產(chǎn)生的氣溶膠，沒(méi)有測(cè)量氣溶膠中所含的病毒數(shù)量，以及氣溶膠引發(fā)的實(shí)際感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

The team say their findings have already contributed to new guidance for England released on 15 August by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport.

研究團(tuán)隊(duì)稱，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)被數(shù)字、文化、媒體和體育部8月15日發(fā)布的英格蘭（新冠防控）新指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)收錄。

英文來(lái)源：衛(wèi)報(bào)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮