奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)又出新規(guī)了！這一次，美國(guó)電影藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué)院直擊痛點(diǎn)，針對(duì)一直以來(lái)缺乏多樣性的候選影片設(shè)置了“包容性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”門(mén)檻?！鞍住绷硕嗄甑膴W斯卡獎(jiǎng)可能真的要變了。

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences will now require films submitted to the Best Picture category to adhere to inclusion and diversity standards, in an ongoing effort to rectify the current glaring diversity issues present in the Academy. These changes are a part of the Academy Aperture 2025 initiative, but will not affect this year’s Oscars.

為了整頓奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)當(dāng)前明顯存在的多樣性問(wèn)題，美國(guó)電影藝術(shù)與科學(xué)學(xué)院（以下簡(jiǎn)稱影藝學(xué)院）如今將要求角逐最佳影片獎(jiǎng)的電影堅(jiān)持包容性和多樣性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這些改變是影藝學(xué)院片門(mén)2025計(jì)劃的一部分，但不會(huì)影響今年的奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)評(píng)選。

aperture [??p?rt??r]: n.（照相機(jī)，望遠(yuǎn)鏡等的）光圈，孔徑。Academy Aperture是由美國(guó)影藝學(xué)院推行的一種電影片門(mén)規(guī)格。

For a film to be considered for Best Picture for the 94th and 95th Oscars, it must submit an Academy Inclusion Standards form, which will note standards and representation in the film’s on-screen representation, storyline, crew, creative leadership, and industry opportunities. While films must submit these forms in 2022 and 2023, meeting the diversity standards will not be required for eligibility until the 2024 Oscars.

如果一部電影要獲得第94屆和95屆奧斯卡最佳影片獎(jiǎng)評(píng)選資格，就必須提交一張學(xué)院包容性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表格，寫(xiě)明該片呈現(xiàn)在屏幕上的畫(huà)面、故事情節(jié)、劇組人員、創(chuàng)意領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和行業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)所體現(xiàn)的包容性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。雖然參選電影在2022年和2023年都必須提交這一表格，但是到2024年才會(huì)要求參選奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)的電影符合多樣性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

"The aperture must widen to reflect our diverse global population in both the creation of motion pictures and in the audiences who connect with them. The Academy is committed to playing a vital role in helping make this a reality,” Academy President David Rubin and Academy CEO Dawn Hudson said in a statement about the new standards. “We believe these inclusion standards will be a catalyst for long-lasting, essential change in our industry.”

影藝學(xué)院主席大衛(wèi)·魯賓和學(xué)院首席執(zhí)行官道恩·哈德森在關(guān)于新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一份聲明中說(shuō)：“我們必須放寬片門(mén)規(guī)格來(lái)反映我們多樣化的全球人口，無(wú)論是電影創(chuàng)作，還是與電影產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系的觀眾。影藝學(xué)院致力于在實(shí)現(xiàn)電影多樣性的過(guò)程中扮演重要角色。我們相信這些包容性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將會(huì)成為一個(gè)催化劑，引發(fā)電影行業(yè)長(zhǎng)久的本質(zhì)改變?！?/p>

To win Best Picture in 2024, a film must meet two out of four overarching standards for equality. Under on-screen representation, at least one actor or supporting actor must be from an underrepresented racial group, or at least 30% of minor roles must be from two underrepresented groups, or the main storyline must be centered on an underrepresented group. For the creative leadership, either two creative leadership positions and department heads must be from underrepresented groups or six other technical production assistants must be diverse members.

如果想在2024年贏得奧斯卡最佳影片獎(jiǎng)，一部電影必須滿足四條首要平等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的兩條。電影畫(huà)面中至少有一名主角或配角必須來(lái)自代表性不足的種族，或至少30%的小角色必須來(lái)自兩個(gè)代表性不足的群體，或主要故事情節(jié)必須圍繞一個(gè)代表性不足的群體展開(kāi)。關(guān)于創(chuàng)意領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，要么兩個(gè)創(chuàng)意領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和部門(mén)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)必須來(lái)自代表性不足的群體，要么其余的6個(gè)技術(shù)制作助理來(lái)自代表性不足的群體。

Film distribution companies must also offer paid apprenticeship and internship roles and skill development for crew, while audience development must include diverse representation throughout marketing, distribution, and publicity.

電影發(fā)行公司還必須提供帶薪學(xué)徒和實(shí)習(xí)生職位以及為劇組人員提供培訓(xùn)機(jī)會(huì)，而在觀眾拓展方面必須包括營(yíng)銷、發(fā)行和宣傳等渠道的多樣化呈現(xiàn)形式。

The new diversity standards will not affect the 2021 Oscars, although the novel coronavirus outbreak has pushed the event back until April 2021. The changes come after several contentious years for diversity at the Academy Awards. While South Korean fan-favorite Parasite made history in 2020 by becoming the first non-English film to take home the golden statue for Best Picture, the Academy faced backlash for their lack of diverse nominees in the lead and supporting actors categories.

新的多樣性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不會(huì)影響2021年奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)，盡管由于暴發(fā)新冠疫情明年的奧斯卡頒獎(jiǎng)禮已經(jīng)推遲到了2021年4月。在新規(guī)出臺(tái)前，奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)幾年來(lái)一直因?yàn)槎鄻有詥?wèn)題而飽受爭(zhēng)議。雖然深受影迷喜愛(ài)的韓國(guó)電影《寄生蟲(chóng)》在2020年作為首部斬獲奧斯卡最佳影片獎(jiǎng)的非英語(yǔ)電影載入史冊(cè)，但是影藝學(xué)院仍因最佳主角和配角獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)候選者缺乏多樣性而受到強(qiáng)烈抵制。

However, diverse voters can only work with the films that are nominated. After several years of #OscarsSoWhite highlighting overlooked films and actors, the Academy launched the Academy Aperture 2025 initiative, which aims to create a more inclusive film community by 2025. In June, the Academy invited 819 new members to their voting body, surpassing their internal goal to double their female and diverse members by 2020. As such, the new rules combat the lack of diverse nominees directly, making swift and decisive changes to the very structure that has kept diverse films down so long.

然而，多樣化的評(píng)委只能從提名影片中挑選獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。?奧斯卡太白這個(gè)為被忽略的影片和演員發(fā)聲的標(biāo)簽持續(xù)數(shù)年后，影藝學(xué)院發(fā)起了影藝學(xué)院片門(mén)2025計(jì)劃，目標(biāo)是在2025年前打造一個(gè)更為包容的電影界。六月份，影藝學(xué)院邀請(qǐng)819名新成員加入評(píng)委團(tuán)，超額完成了他們?cè)?020年前將女性和少數(shù)群體成員數(shù)量加倍的內(nèi)部計(jì)劃。同樣，新規(guī)定直擊缺少多元化候選影片的現(xiàn)狀，快速而果決地改變了長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)讓候選電影缺乏多樣性的結(jié)構(gòu)。

While the 2021 nominees have yet to be announced, it is the hope of many that these prolific and systematic rule changes from the Academy will mark a more diverse Oscars than ever before.

雖然2021年的奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)提名名單還未公布，但是許多人希望影藝學(xué)院的這些繁多而系統(tǒng)的規(guī)則變動(dòng)會(huì)帶來(lái)一個(gè)前所未有的多元化的奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)。

英文來(lái)源：福布斯網(wǎng)站

翻譯&編輯：丹妮