英國衛(wèi)生和社會(huì)保健部表示，英國已批準(zhǔn)美國輝瑞和德國生物新技術(shù)公司聯(lián)合研制的新冠疫苗緊急使用授權(quán)，下周起英國民眾就可以接種疫苗。這是有史以來研發(fā)最快的疫苗，從概念到批準(zhǔn)上市只花了10個(gè)月，完成了通常需要十年才能走完的研發(fā)步驟。

Britain has become the first country in the West to approve a COVID-19 vaccine for public use. The UK Department of Health and Social Care confirmed in a statement to British news agencies that the vaccine developed jointly by American drugmaker Pfizer and Germany's BioNTech would be distributed starting next week. Pfizer was the first of three major Western pharmaceutical companies to apply in both the US and Europe for emergency use authorization.

英國成為首個(gè)批準(zhǔn)新冠疫苗供民眾使用的的西方國家。英國衛(wèi)生和社會(huì)保健部在一份發(fā)給英國媒體的聲明中證實(shí)，美國制藥商輝瑞和德國生物新技術(shù)公司聯(lián)合研制的新冠疫苗將從下周起開始發(fā)放。輝瑞是三家大型西方制藥公司中首個(gè)在美國和歐洲同時(shí)申請(qǐng)緊急使用授權(quán)的公司。

"The Government has today accepted the recommendation from the independent Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) to approve Pfizer/BioNTech's Covid-19 vaccine for use," a Department of Health and Social Care spokesman told the Press Association of Britain. The spokesman said the emergency use authorization followed "months of rigorous clinical trials and a thorough analysis of the data by experts at the MHRA who have concluded that the vaccine has met its strict standards of safety, quality and effectiveness."

英國衛(wèi)生和社會(huì)保健部的發(fā)言人對(duì)英國記者協(xié)會(huì)表示：“政府今天接受了獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu)英國藥品與保健品管理局的建議，決定批準(zhǔn)輝瑞和生物新技術(shù)公司研制的新冠疫苗投入使用?！卑l(fā)言人表示，在經(jīng)過了“數(shù)月嚴(yán)格縝密的臨床測(cè)試以及藥品與保健品管理局專家對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的全面分析，最后專家得出結(jié)論認(rèn)為該疫苗符合安全、質(zhì)量和有效性的嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”后，才發(fā)放了緊急使用授權(quán)。

In line with planning in the US, British front-line healthcare workers, care home residents, the very elderly and people with underlying conditions that make them particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 complications are expected to get the first doses of the vaccine. Pfizer's vaccine, like the Oxford and Moderna formulas, requires two doses about a month apart.

同美國的計(jì)劃一樣，英國一線的醫(yī)護(hù)人員、養(yǎng)老院居民、高齡老人和特別容易發(fā)生新冠肺炎并發(fā)癥的基礎(chǔ)病患者將優(yōu)先接種新冠疫苗。輝瑞疫苗和牛津、莫德納的疫苗一樣，都需要接種兩劑，間隔時(shí)間一個(gè)月。

UK Health Secretary Matt Hancock called it "fantastic news" that Britain's regulator had deemed the first vaccine safe, and vowed that distribution would begin from Monday. He told the BBC Breakfast show that vaccinations would "start with the most elderly and with people in care homes."

英國衛(wèi)生部部長馬特·漢考克表示，英國監(jiān)管部門對(duì)首批疫苗安全性的認(rèn)可是一個(gè)“特大喜訊”，并宣稱疫苗將從下周一開始發(fā)放。他告訴BBC節(jié)目《早餐秀》說，疫苗接種將“從最年邁的老人和養(yǎng)老院居民開始”。

Prime Minister Boris Johnson also hailed the news, confirming in a tweet plans to start rolling out doses from next week.

英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜也對(duì)這一消息表示歡迎，并在發(fā)表的推文中證實(shí)下周起將開始疫苗接種。

"It's the protection of vaccines that will ultimately allow us to reclaim our lives and get the economy moving again," Johnson said.

約翰遜表示：“疫苗的保護(hù)最終將讓我們找回過去的生活，讓經(jīng)濟(jì)重新運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來?！?/p>

Hancock, Britain's top public health official, noted the logistical complexities of distributing the Pfizer vaccine, which needs to be stored at around -94 degrees Fahrenheit, but said Britain would get its first 800,000 doses delivered next week. The UK has a total of 40 million doses of the Pfizer vaccine on order, enough to fully treat 20 million people.

衛(wèi)生部部長漢考克指出了發(fā)放輝瑞疫苗在物流傳輸上的復(fù)雜性，該疫苗需要在零下94華氏度（零下70攝氏度）的溫度條件下儲(chǔ)存，但他表示下周第一批疫苗共80萬劑將運(yùn)送到英國。英國共下單了4000萬劑輝瑞疫苗，足以讓2000萬人接種。

Two other vaccines, one developed by US-based Moderna, which also requires sub-zero storage, and one made by British pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca in conjunction with Oxford University, have also applied for emergency use authorization in the US and Europe.

另外還有兩種疫苗也申請(qǐng)了美國和歐洲的緊急使用授權(quán)。一種是美國莫德納公司研制的，同樣需要零下溫度的儲(chǔ)存條件，還有一種是英國制藥公司阿斯利康與牛津大學(xué)聯(lián)合研制的。

Both Pfizer and Moderna have said that data from large-scale human trials, involving tens of thousands of people, showed their vaccines to be about 95% effective at preventing COVID-19 infection. AstraZeneca/Oxford found their vaccine, which works in a different way, was up to 90% effective with a certain dosing regimen. The Oxford-developed vaccine is much cheaper to produce, and to distribute as it only requires storage at refrigerator temperatures.

輝瑞和莫德納都表示，涵蓋了數(shù)萬人的大規(guī)模人體試驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，他們的疫苗防止感染新冠肺炎的有效性可達(dá)約95%。阿斯利康和牛津大學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在特定的接種方案下，他們這種療法不同的疫苗有效性可達(dá)90%。牛津疫苗的生產(chǎn)和發(fā)放成本要低得多，因?yàn)樵撘呙缰恍枰诒涞臏囟葪l件下儲(chǔ)存。

Pfizer chief executive Albert Bourla called the UK move "a historic moment in the fight against COVID-19."

輝瑞公司的首席執(zhí)行官阿爾伯特·布爾拉將英國此舉稱作“抗擊新冠疫情的歷史性時(shí)刻”。

None of the human trials on any of the three leading Western-made vaccines have found significant adverse affects. Some side effects commonly associated with long-used vaccines, including soreness around the point of injection, fatigue and headaches have been seen in the trial data.

這三種領(lǐng)先的西方研制疫苗在人體試驗(yàn)中均沒有出現(xiàn)過嚴(yán)重的副作用。長期使用的疫苗接種時(shí)常見的一些副作用，包括注射處酸痛、疲倦、頭疼，也在試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)中出現(xiàn)過。

Logistical issues aside, epidemiologists and public health officials worldwide have warned that another major hurdle to putting the coronavirus pandemic behind humanity could be mistrust of the vaccines that become available.

除了物流問題，世界各地的流行病學(xué)家和公共衛(wèi)生官員還警告說，讓人類擺脫新冠疫情的另一個(gè)主要障礙可能是民眾對(duì)現(xiàn)有疫苗的不信任。

A CBS News poll carried out in early September found rising skepticism about the coronavirus vaccines in development, with most voters saying that if a vaccine were made available this year, their first thought would be that it was rushed through without enough testing.

美國哥倫比亞廣播公司9月初開展的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，越來越多民眾對(duì)當(dāng)前正在研發(fā)的新冠疫苗持懷疑態(tài)度，多數(shù)投票者表示，如果今年疫苗就可以上市，他們首先想到的是該疫苗沒有經(jīng)過足夠的測(cè)試就倉促完成。

Just 21% of voters nationwide said in the survey that they would get a vaccine as soon as possible if it were available at no cost, which was down from 32% in a survey conducted in late July. Most said they would consider it, but wait to see what happens to others before getting one themselves.

全美只有21%的投票者在調(diào)查中表示，如果可以免費(fèi)接種疫苗的話他們會(huì)盡快接種，相比7月末的調(diào)查結(jié)果（32%）下降了。多數(shù)人表示會(huì)考慮接種疫苗，不過要等一等看看別人接種疫苗后的反應(yīng)，然后自己才去接種。

This pandemic has seen pharmaceutical companies and research institutes work with governments and independent regulatory agencies to compress the usually-years-long process of developing and approving vaccines into a much shorter time frame.

疫情期間，制藥公司、研究機(jī)構(gòu)和政府、獨(dú)立監(jiān)管部門協(xié)同合作，壓縮了疫苗研發(fā)和審批的流程，原本通常需要數(shù)年的時(shí)間如今得以大大縮短。

The pace has been completely unprecedented, but the entities involved, along with outside experts in infectious disease and vaccinology, have insisted throughout that the process is being compressed safely, largely by overlapping steps that normally come sequentially, rather than by eliminating any steps in the trial and certification process.

這一速度完全是史無前例的，但是有關(guān)單位以及外界的傳染病和疫苗學(xué)專家始終都堅(jiān)稱，這些流程是在安全前提下被壓縮的，主要是通過將正常情況下按順序進(jìn)行的步驟同時(shí)進(jìn)行，而不是略去了測(cè)試和認(rèn)證流程中的任何步驟。

overlap[?o?v?r?l?p]: v. 在時(shí)間上部分地重疊，同時(shí)發(fā)生

Hancock, the British government's health chief, told UK broadcaster Piers Morgan on Wednesday that, if they could get it approved even though they weren't in a high-risk group, he would happily get vaccinated live on television next week with Morgan to show his trust in the vaccine.

英國衛(wèi)生部部長漢考克周三（12月2日）告訴英國主持人皮爾斯·摩根說，盡管他們不屬于高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)群體，但如果可以獲得批準(zhǔn)，他很愿意下周和摩根一起在電視上直播接種疫苗，以展示他對(duì)疫苗的信任。

英文來源：哥倫比亞廣播公司

翻譯&編輯：丹妮