全球變暖和空氣污染并沒(méi)有因?yàn)樾鹿谝咔槎Ｏ履_步，世界上每1.3秒鐘就有一個(gè)人迫于氣候危機(jī)而移民，但是目前許多氣候移民者在法律上仍處于灰色地帶。專家預(yù)測(cè)，未來(lái)十年預(yù)計(jì)將有數(shù)以千萬(wàn)計(jì)的人因?yàn)槿蜃兣泼瘛?/p>

Air pollution does not respect national boundaries and environmental degradation will lead to mass migration in the future, said a leading barrister in the wake of a landmark migration ruling, as experts warned that government action must be taken as a matter of urgency.

在一次里程碑式的移民裁決后，一位頂級(jí)律師表示，空氣污染不受國(guó)界限制，環(huán)境惡化將在未來(lái)導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模移民。專家警告稱，事態(tài)緊急，政府必須采取行動(dòng)。

Sailesh Mehta, a barrister specialising in environmental cases, said: “The link between migration and environmental degradation is clear. As global warming makes parts of our planet uninhabitable, mass migration will become the norm. Air and water pollution do not respect national boundaries. We can stop a humanitarian and political crisis from becoming an existential one. But our leaders must act now.”

專門處理環(huán)境案件的律師塞利斯·梅塔說(shuō)：“移民和環(huán)境惡化之間的關(guān)聯(lián)很明顯。隨著全球變暖導(dǎo)致地球上的一些地區(qū)變得不適宜居住，大規(guī)模移民將成為常態(tài)?？諝夂退廴静皇車?guó)界限制。我們可以阻止人文和政治危機(jī)威脅個(gè)人生存。但我們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人現(xiàn)在必須行動(dòng)起來(lái)?！?/p>

He added: “We have a right to breathe clean air. Governments and courts are beginning to recognise this fundamental human right. The problem is not just that of Bangladesh and the developing world. Air pollution contributes to around 200,000 deaths a year in the UK. One in four deaths worldwide can be linked to pollution.”

他補(bǔ)充道：“我們有呼吸干凈空氣的權(quán)利。政府和法院正開(kāi)始意識(shí)到這一基本人權(quán)。問(wèn)題不只存在于孟加拉和發(fā)展中國(guó)家?？諝馕廴久磕陮?dǎo)致英國(guó)約20萬(wàn)人死亡。全球四分之一的死亡與污染有關(guān)?！?/p>

The comments follow a decision by a French court this week, which is believed to be the first time environment was cited by a court in an extradition hearing. The case involved a Bangladeshi man with asthma who avoided deportation from France after his lawyer argued that he risked a severe deterioration in his condition, and possibly premature death, due to the dangerous levels of pollution in his homeland.

梅塔發(fā)表這一評(píng)論前，法國(guó)的一家法院本周作出了一項(xiàng)裁決，據(jù)認(rèn)為這是法院首次在引渡聽(tīng)證會(huì)上援引環(huán)境作為理由。在這一案件中，一名患有哮喘病的孟加拉男子因?yàn)楸緡?guó)污染極為嚴(yán)重而免于被法國(guó)驅(qū)逐出境。他的律師辯護(hù)稱，以他的身體條件在引渡回國(guó)后可能會(huì)病情加重甚至過(guò)早死亡。

The appeals court in Bordeaux overturned an expulsion order against the 40-year-old man because he would face “a worsening of his respiratory pathology due to air pollution” in his country of origin.

波爾多的上訴法院推翻了對(duì)這名40歲男子的驅(qū)逐令，因?yàn)樗诿霞永瓏?guó)將面臨“空氣污染導(dǎo)致的哮喘病惡化”。

Yale and Columbia universities’ environmental performance index ranks Bangladesh 179th in the world for air quality in 2020, while the concentration of fine particles in the air is six times the World Health Organization’s recommended maximum.

耶魯大學(xué)和哥倫比亞大學(xué)發(fā)布的環(huán)境績(jī)效指數(shù)中，孟加拉的空氣質(zhì)量在全球排名第179位。孟加拉空氣中的細(xì)顆粒物濃度是世界衛(wèi)生組織最大建議值的6倍。

Dr David R Boyd, UN special rapporteur on human rights and environment, agreed with Mehta’s analysis, telling the Guardian: “Air pollution causes 7 million premature deaths annually, so it is understandable if people feel compelled to migrate in search of clean air to safeguard their health. Air pollution is a global public health disaster that does not get the attention it deserves because most of the people who die are poor or otherwise vulnerable.”

聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)和環(huán)境特別調(diào)查員戴維·R·博伊德博士同意梅塔的分析，他告訴《衛(wèi)報(bào)》說(shuō)：“空氣污染每年導(dǎo)致700萬(wàn)人過(guò)早死亡，所以如果人們?yōu)榱耸匦l(wèi)自身健康而被迫移民到空氣干凈的地方是可以理解的?？諝馕廴具@一全球性的公共衛(wèi)生災(zāi)難沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的重視，因?yàn)槎鄶?shù)死于空氣污染的人都是窮人或體弱者?！?/p>

rapporteur [?r?p??r?t??r]: n. （受組織指定的）會(huì)務(wù)報(bào)告人，調(diào)查員

Alex Randall, coordinator at the Climate & Migration Coalition, said safe and legal routes to allow people to migrate needed to be established.

氣候與移民聯(lián)盟的協(xié)調(diào)員亞歷克斯·蘭德?tīng)柋硎?，需要建立允許人們移民的安全合法的途徑。

"Cases such as this, where air quality or other pollution become a reason for preventing deportation, are certainly important steps forward.

“空氣質(zhì)量或其他污染成為避免被驅(qū)逐出境的理由，像這樣的案例當(dāng)然是前進(jìn)路上的重要步伐?！?/p>

"However, these cases do not usually set legal precedents and people moving across borders due to climate change impacts remain in a legal grey area.”

“但是，這些案例通常不會(huì)被作為合法先例，所以人們受氣候變化影響而移民依然處于法律的灰色地帶。”

According to the Environmental Justice Foundation, one person every 1.3 seconds is forced to leave their homes and communities due to the climate crisis but millions lack legal protection. It has called on all countries to rapidly and fully implement the Paris climate agreement.

環(huán)境正義基金會(huì)稱，每1.3秒鐘就有一個(gè)人迫于氣候危機(jī)而離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)，其中數(shù)百萬(wàn)人缺少法律保護(hù)。該基金會(huì)呼吁所有國(guó)家迅速全面地執(zhí)行《巴黎氣候協(xié)定》。

A ruling by the United Nations human rights committee a year ago found it is unlawful for governments to return people to countries where their lives might be threatened by the climate crisis.

聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)委員會(huì)一年前作出裁決，指出政府將人們遣返回氣候危機(jī)可能危及生命的來(lái)源國(guó)是不合法的。

Tens of millions of people are expected to be displaced by global heating in the next decade.

未來(lái)十年預(yù)計(jì)有數(shù)以千萬(wàn)計(jì)的人會(huì)因?yàn)槿蜃兣泼瘛?/p>

英文來(lái)源：《衛(wèi)報(bào)》

翻譯&編輯：丹妮