新冠病毒的變異株不斷出現(xiàn)，但是你知道怎么稱呼這些變異株嗎？比如最早在印度發(fā)現(xiàn)的變異毒株學(xué)名為B.1.617.2，又該怎么念呢？針對(duì)變異毒株難念難寫又難記的問題，同時(shí)也為了避免將毒株和地名聯(lián)系在一起產(chǎn)生的污名化問題，世界衛(wèi)生組織建議用希臘字母表來給新冠變種毒株重新命名。

The World Health Organization has proposed new names for Coronavirus variants using letters from the Greek alphabet.

世界衛(wèi)生組織提出用希臘字母表的字母重新命名新冠變種毒株。

WHO's naming scheme will be used to label noteworthy strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as 'Delta' for the variant first detected in India, also known as B.1.617.2.

世衛(wèi)組織將為值得關(guān)注的新冠病毒變種重新命名，比如將印度首次發(fā)現(xiàn)的變種毒株命名為Delta，該毒株又名為B.1.617.2。

Naming variants after a geographical location — such as a country — is misleading because a Covid variant didn't necessarily emerge where it was initially identified, but people from that place are still blamed for a variant's spread of a Covid variant.

根據(jù)地理位置（比如一個(gè)國(guó)家）為變種毒株命名容易產(chǎn)生誤解，因?yàn)樽兎N不一定是在最先發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方產(chǎn)生的，但是那里的人們依然會(huì)因?yàn)樽兎N病毒的傳播而受到指責(zé)。

In a letter to the journal Science, researchers concluded that "scientific and media reports should not refer to variants by country names" but admitted that "mutation-based or lineage names are difficult to say and write."

研究人員在致《科學(xué)》雜志的一封信中總結(jié)道“科學(xué)和媒體報(bào)道不應(yīng)該用國(guó)名來指代變種”，但是也承認(rèn)“基于變異的名字或譜系名難念又難寫”。

Mark Pallen, professor of microbial genomics at the Quadram Institute and University of East Anglia, suggested alternatives that use a pre-generated list of proper nouns because labels like B.1.617.2 are so tricky to pronounce and remember.

四方研究所和東英吉利亞大學(xué)的微生物基因組學(xué)教授馬克·帕倫建議采用一個(gè)固有的專有名詞清單來重新命名，因?yàn)锽.1.617.2這樣的標(biāo)簽不好念也不好記。

WHO designed its Greek naming scheme to allow people to talk about Covid variants without using inappropriate labels, says Pallen. "It was so that the media and the public could communicate quickly about the variants."

帕倫稱，世衛(wèi)組織擬定了一個(gè)希臘命名計(jì)劃，讓人們不必再用不合適的標(biāo)簽來談?wù)撔鹿谧兎N病毒。“這樣媒體和公眾就可以在談?wù)撟兎N病毒時(shí)快速交流?！?/p>

WHO will assign a Greek letter after selecting a 'Variant of Interest' (VOI) — a strain with mutations that seem to increase local cases or impact health — or a 'Variant of Concern' (VOC) that also spreads more readily, is more virulent (causes severe disease) or can escape the immunity provided by vaccines.

世衛(wèi)組織會(huì)在選出“待觀察變種”或“須關(guān)切變種”后分配希臘字母?！按^察變種”就是導(dǎo)致本地病例增加或影響患者健康的變種，“須關(guān)切變種”就是在此基礎(chǔ)上傳染性更強(qiáng)、加重患者病情或疫苗對(duì)其無效的變種。

As of 31 May 2021, WHO had assigned names to six VOIs and four VOCs. The four worrying variants have been named Alpha (AKA lineage B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2), which were first detected in the UK, South Africa, Brazil and India respectively.

截至2021年5月31日，世衛(wèi)組織已經(jīng)給6個(gè)待觀察變種和4個(gè)須關(guān)切變種指定了名字。這4個(gè)值得關(guān)注的變種分別被命名為Alpha（又名為B.1.1.7）、Beta（B.1.351）、Gamma（P.1）和Delta（B.1.617.2），首次發(fā)現(xiàn)這些變種的地點(diǎn)分別是英國(guó)、南非、巴西和印度。

WHO's scheme has solved a major problem: labels based on location can create social stigma and lead to racism. Using Greek letters provides a practical solution because the new names are easy to say, write and remember. There's no excuse not to use them.

名字基于地點(diǎn)的標(biāo)簽會(huì)造成社會(huì)污名化，引發(fā)種族歧視，而世衛(wèi)組織的命名計(jì)劃解決了這個(gè)大問題。采用希臘字母也很實(shí)用，因?yàn)樾旅趾媚?、好寫也好記。沒有理由不用這些新名字。

Persuading the media to use Greek letters could still be a challenge, however. A press release that announces the scheme ends by saying that, to avoid using names that are stigmatizing and discriminatory, "WHO encourages national authorities, media outlets and others to adopt these new labels."

然而，說服媒體采用希臘字母名依然是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。一篇宣布該計(jì)劃的新聞稿的結(jié)尾是這樣寫的：為了避免使用帶來污名和歧視的名字，“世衛(wèi)組織鼓勵(lì)各國(guó)政府部門、媒體機(jī)構(gòu)和其他各方都采用這些新標(biāo)簽。”

WHO's approach has some minor limitations. Delta Airlines probably won't be pleased to have its brand associated with a Covid variant, for example, and it's not clear what will happen after variants inevitably outnumber the letters from the Greek alphabet.

不過，世衛(wèi)組織的命名方式也有一些小小的局限性。舉例來說，達(dá)美航空公司應(yīng)該不希望自己的品牌名和新冠變種聯(lián)系在一起，而且當(dāng)變種數(shù)量不可避免地超過希臘字母表的字母數(shù)量時(shí)，又該怎么辦呢？

英文來源：福布斯網(wǎng)站

翻譯&編輯：丹妮