和牛肉號(hào)稱“全世界最貴的牛肉”，脂肪含量高達(dá)60%，入口即化，軟嫩鮮美。日前，日本科學(xué)家用3D生物打印技術(shù)成功制造出世界第一塊和牛肉，它擁有和牛獨(dú)有的大理石花紋，簡(jiǎn)直能夠以假亂真。

Scientists based in Japan's Osaka University have found a way to 3D print wagyu beef in a lab — a step they believe will one day help make widely available and sustainably-produced cuts of cultured meat that closely resemble original products.

日本大阪大學(xué)的科學(xué)家日前在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里成功3D打印出了和牛肉，科學(xué)家相信這一進(jìn)展將有助于未來(lái)研制出被廣泛食用且可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)、酷似真肉的人造肉。

Using stem cells that they took from wagyu cows, the scientists set out to create a structure with the characteristic marbling (or sashi) seen in wagyu beef that sets it apart from other cuts of beef.

科學(xué)家采用和牛中提取的干細(xì)胞制作出了擁有和牛獨(dú)有的大理石花紋的人造肉。

By isolating beef cells, the scientists organized how the muscles, blood vessels, and fat should be stacked. The researchers then shaped these tissues into the form of a steak using a technique called 3D bioprinting, where cell structures can be layered to resemble real tissues in living things.

通過(guò)分離牛肉細(xì)胞，科學(xué)家理清了肌肉、血管和脂肪的分布規(guī)律，然后用3D生物打印技術(shù)將這些牛肉組織做成一塊牛排的形狀，通過(guò)對(duì)細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分層使得產(chǎn)品酷似真和牛肉。

The researchers believe that proving that a wagyu steak can be accurately 3D-printed could be a big step toward a sustainable future where cultured meat can be created that closely resembles existing products. Its origins from real meat also differentiate it from plant-based options, like those created by Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods.

研究人員認(rèn)為，證實(shí)和牛排能被3D打印是邁向未來(lái)可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)類真肉人造肉的重大一步。因?yàn)?D打印牛排的源頭來(lái)自真肉，這也使其有別于Beyond Meat和Impossible Foods等公司生產(chǎn)的人造素食牛肉。

"By improving this technology, it will be possible to not only reproduce complex meat structures, such as the beautiful marbling (sashi) of Wagyu beef but to also make subtle adjustments to the fat and muscle components," Michiya Matsusaki, one of the project's researchers, said in a statement.

該項(xiàng)目的研究員之一松崎道哉在一份聲明中稱：“通過(guò)改進(jìn)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，我們不但有可能再造復(fù)雜的肉類結(jié)構(gòu)，比如美麗的和牛肉花紋，還能對(duì)脂肪和肌肉成分進(jìn)行微調(diào)?！?/p>

Michiya Matsusaki said that with these adjustments, customers might one day be able to order a cultured cut of meat with the amount of fat they desire, tailor-made to their tastes and health concerns.

松崎道哉說(shuō)，通過(guò)微調(diào)技術(shù)，未來(lái)顧客將能訂購(gòu)按照自己的口味和健康狀況定制的人造肉，脂肪含量也可以隨心定制。

Wagyu beef is known to be extremely expensive, with high-grade wagyu fetching prices of up to $200 per pound and adult cows selling for more than $30,000. In 2019, Japan's wagyu exports raked in a record high of $268.8 million in profits, up 20% from 2018.

眾所周知，和牛肉非常昂貴，高級(jí)和牛肉的價(jià)格可高達(dá)每磅200美元（約合人民幣1292元），成年和牛每頭價(jià)格超過(guò)3萬(wàn)美元。2019年，日本的和牛出口利潤(rùn)達(dá)到了破紀(jì)錄的2.688億美元，相比2018年上升了20%。

While this might be the first cut of wagyu beef ever to be 3D-printed, other attempts have been made to bioprint steaks. In February this year, Aleph Farms and the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology - jointly bioprinted and cultivated a ribeye steak using real cow cells.

盡管這可能是3D打印出的第一塊和牛肉，但并不是第一次有人嘗試用生物打印技術(shù)制作牛排。今年二月，以色列人造肉公司Aleph Farms和以色列理工學(xué)院生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)院用真牛肉細(xì)胞聯(lián)合打印和培育出了一塊肉眼牛排。

英文來(lái)源：內(nèi)幕網(wǎng)

翻譯&編輯：丹妮