洗澡對(duì)大家來(lái)說是一件很日常的事，不僅可以洗去身上的污垢，還可以緩解疲勞，放松心情。那么冬天應(yīng)該多久洗一次澡合適？為什么會(huì)有人說冬天經(jīng)常洗澡會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚發(fā)癢？

美國(guó)休斯頓貝勒醫(yī)學(xué)院 （Baylor College of Medicine）、美國(guó)權(quán)威健康網(wǎng)站健康線 （Healthline）以及科普中國(guó)都對(duì)冬天洗澡展開了研究，一起來(lái)看看～

為什么冬天洗澡皮膚容易癢？

人體皮膚最外層是角質(zhì)層，上面有一層酸性皮脂膜，皮脂膜中的脂肪酸、尿素、尿酸、乳酸鹽對(duì)皮膚有著保護(hù)和滋潤(rùn)作用。

The outermost layer of human skin is the stratum corneum, on top of which there is an acid sebaceous film. The fatty acids, urea, uric acid and lactate in the sebaceous film protect and hydrate the skin.

據(jù)科普中國(guó)介紹，冬季天氣寒冷，空氣干燥。人體皮脂腺、汗腺分泌的汗液減少，皮脂膜也明顯變薄。

皮脂膜最怕經(jīng)常性的堿性刺激和高溫破壞，如果頻繁洗澡和大量使用沐浴液，就會(huì)使肌膚上正常的角質(zhì)細(xì)胞過多脫落，皮脂膜也會(huì)變得更薄，進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致保護(hù)皮膚的屏障破壞，引起皮膚干燥瘙癢和皮屑加重。

冬季多久洗一次澡比較合適？

對(duì)于年輕人來(lái)說，冬天2-3天洗一次澡為宜，老人和嬰幼兒建議3-5天洗一次，盡量少用清潔產(chǎn)品，用清水洗澡即可。

For young people, it is advisable to take a bath once every 2-3 days in winter, and the elderly as well as infants are recommended to take a bath every 3-5 days. Use cleaning products with harsh chemicals as little as possible.

貝勒醫(yī)學(xué)院皮膚病學(xué)教授拉賈尼·卡塔（Rajani Katta）建議淋浴后在擦干身體之前可以先用手輕輕地把皮膚拍干，然后使用潤(rùn)膚乳進(jìn)行保濕。

Dr. Rajani Katta, professor of dermatology at Baylor, recommended patting the skin partially dry, then using moisturizer cream while skin is still damp after a shower.

早上洗澡好還是晚上洗澡好？

很多人說早上洗澡要比晚上好，此種說法對(duì)嗎？

事實(shí)上，什么時(shí)候洗澡取決于想達(dá)到什么樣的效果，可以根據(jù)自身需求選擇，并沒有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定。

早上洗澡會(huì)使頭腦清醒，元?dú)鉂M滿地進(jìn)入工作狀態(tài)。而晚上睡覺前來(lái)一個(gè)溫水浴，在清除皮膚表面污垢的同時(shí)，還能加快血液循環(huán)，使全身肌肉放松，消除疲勞、改善睡眠。

Taking a bath in the morning can be refreshing, helping you feel more alert at work. By contrast, a warm bath before going to bed can remove the dirt from the surface of the skin, accelerate blood circulation, relax the muscles of the whole body, eliminate fatigue, and improve sleep quality.

洗澡搓掉的泥是什么？

科普中國(guó)研究表明，在洗澡的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常會(huì)搓出一些灰白色的細(xì)長(zhǎng)泥狀物，俗稱搓澡泥。

這些搓澡泥主要是人體皮膚自然產(chǎn)生的代謝產(chǎn)物，包括正常代謝脫落的細(xì)胞、皮脂、汗液等，也包括一些體表外來(lái)的微生物、化妝品殘留等。

During a shower, what we wash away is mainly metabolites of human skin, including cells, sebum, and sweat, as well as external microorganisms on the body surface and cosmetics residue.

冬季洗澡一定要注意這些

■洗澡時(shí)盡量不要鎖住浴室的門

冬季洗澡時(shí)，絕大多數(shù)人都喜歡關(guān)緊門窗，但在保暖的同時(shí)也容易出現(xiàn)一氧化碳中毒、摔傷、心腦血管疾病突發(fā)及低血糖等意外情況，建議打開浴室排風(fēng)扇或者把門留個(gè)縫隙，以防出事時(shí)無(wú)法及時(shí)施救。

When taking a bath in winter, it is recommended to turn on the bathroom exhaust fan to improve circulation, and leave the door ajar so that you can be reached quickly if an accident occurs.

■不要用力搓澡

經(jīng)常用熱水浸泡、用力搓洗容易導(dǎo)致皮膚角質(zhì)細(xì)胞過多脫落，使皮脂膜變薄，失去皮膚屏障保護(hù)功能，使皮膚變干或引發(fā)皮膚疾病。

英國(guó)倫敦卡多根診所的皮膚科顧問德里克·菲利普斯建議洗澡的時(shí)候動(dòng)作要輕柔，避免使用香味太重的產(chǎn)品，然后使用乳霜或乳液等溫和的潤(rùn)膚劑，幫助恢復(fù)皮膚的油脂，同時(shí)避免刺激皮膚。

Derrick Phillips, consultant dermatologist at the Cadogan Clinic in London, recommends being very gentle in the shower. Avoid products with fragrances and always use a gentle emollient like cream or lotion afterward to help restore oils in the skin and avoid irritation.

“搓澡會(huì)搓走表層皮膚的天然油脂，導(dǎo)致皮膚干燥和刺激，這對(duì)那些患有濕疹以及皮膚本來(lái)就干燥的人來(lái)說尤其成問題?！?/p>

"Washing strips natural oils from the upper layer of the skin, leading to drying and irritation" Phillips says. "This can be particularly problematic in those with eczema who have naturally dry skin."

■洗澡時(shí)間不要過長(zhǎng)

拉賈尼·卡塔建議，在冬季，用溫水洗澡的時(shí)間不要超過10-15分鐘。

Dr. Rajani Katta, recommends showering with lukewarm water for no more than 10 to 15 minutes during wintery months.

時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)容易出現(xiàn)疲勞、體力減弱，還容易引發(fā)心腦血管疾病?；加袊?yán)重高血壓、冠心病或者久病初愈人群，在洗澡時(shí)應(yīng)有專人陪護(hù)。

■水溫不要過高

水溫過高，容易增加心臟負(fù)擔(dān)，洗澡水溫以40℃左右為宜，洗完換衣服時(shí)也應(yīng)注意保暖，防止著涼。

貝勒醫(yī)學(xué)院研究表明，在冬天洗個(gè)熱水澡可能會(huì)讓人覺得神清氣爽，但它會(huì)讓皮膚變得更加干燥。洗澡時(shí)的水溫過高會(huì)加劇皮膚干燥，由此產(chǎn)生的損害可能會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。

A hot steamy bath might feel good during the winter months but it could leave your skin desperate for moisture. Doctors at Baylor College of Medicine say the higher temperatures at bath time increase dry skin, which could have long-term damaging effects.

“在寒冷的天氣里長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的熱水淋浴可以舒緩皮膚，但這實(shí)際上對(duì)皮膚不好。洗澡的時(shí)候水溫很高，皮膚上的水分會(huì)蒸發(fā)，一旦結(jié)束淋浴，皮膚會(huì)變得更干燥，” 拉賈尼·卡塔解釋說。

"Even though long hot showers feel soothing to the skin during cold weather, it is actually hard on the skin," she said. "The high water temperature and the evaporation of water off the skin once out of the shower, causes the skin to become drier."

■洗澡不要過于頻繁

減少洗澡頻次，適量使用沐浴用品，如果出現(xiàn)皮膚瘙癢，一定要注意護(hù)理，洗完澡后再涂抹適量具有保濕功效的護(hù)膚產(chǎn)品。

“洗完澡后涂上富含神經(jīng)酰胺的潤(rùn)膚乳，有助于恢復(fù)天然油脂，修復(fù)皮膚屏障?！钡吕锟恕し评账寡a(bǔ)充道。

"Generous application of an emollient rich in ceramides immediately after washing will help to restore the natural oils and repair the skin barrier," adds Phillips.

■據(jù)美國(guó)健康網(wǎng)站健康線（Healthline），每天洗澡對(duì)身體并無(wú)大礙，以下小貼士可以幫助你養(yǎng)成更為健康的洗澡習(xí)慣：

? Bathe daily if it works for your lifestyle and body type；

出于個(gè)人生活方式需要或者體型需要，可以每天洗澡；

? Bathe every other day if you're concerned about saving water or a skin condition；

需要節(jié)約用水或者皮膚狀況不允許每天洗澡的話，每隔一天洗一次澡；

? Spot cleaning is better than nothing if you can't shower daily；

如果不能天天洗澡的話，局部清洗總比不清洗好；

? Avoid products that are overly drying；

避免使用過于干燥的清潔產(chǎn)品；

? Avoid using scrubs or exfoliation techniques more than once a week；

使用磨砂工具或去角質(zhì)工具一周不超過一次；

? Use body moisturizers and lotions after every shower or bath.

每次沐浴后使用潤(rùn)膚霜和乳液進(jìn)行保濕。

（來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)雙語(yǔ)新聞微信  編輯：商楨 李金昳 丹妮）