美國疾病控制和預防中心數據顯示，2021年全美死亡人數創(chuàng)新高，達到346.5萬人，比2020年死亡人數多約8萬。據美聯(lián)社13日報道，美國疾控中心相關數據統(tǒng)計負責官員羅伯特·安德森稱，新冠病毒肆虐是美國2021年死亡人數創(chuàng)新高的主要原因。隨著美國人口的增長，美國死亡總人數往往逐年增加。但2020和2021美國的死亡人數和死亡率出現(xiàn)了激增，主要新冠疫情導致的。

2021 was the deadliest year in US history, and new data and research are offering more insights into how it got that bad.
2021是美國歷史上最致命的一年，新的數據和研究讓我們進一步了解究竟發(fā)生了什么。

The main reason for the increase in deaths? COVID-19, said Robert Anderson, who oversees the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s work on death statistics.
美國去年死亡人數增加的主要原因是什么？美疾控中心相關數據統(tǒng)計負責官員羅伯特·安德森認為，是新冠。

The agency this month quietly updated its provisional death tally. It showed there were 3.465 million deaths last year, or about 80,000 more than 2020′s record-setting total.
該機構本月更新了臨時死亡人數數據。報告顯示，全美去年共有346.5萬人死亡，比2020年創(chuàng)下的紀錄增加了約8萬人。

Early last year, some experts were optimistic that 2021 would not be as bad as the first year of the pandemic — partly because effective COVID-19 vaccines had finally become available.
去年初，一些專家樂觀地認為2021年不會像疫情第一年那么糟糕，一部分原因是已經研發(fā)出有效的疫苗。

“We were wrong, unfortunately,” said Noreen Goldman, a Princeton University researcher.
普林斯頓大學研究員諾琳·戈德曼稱：“不幸的是，我們錯了。”

COVID-19 deaths rose in 2021 — to more than 415,000, up from 351,000 the year before — as new coronavirus variants emerged and an unexpectedly large numbers of Americans refused to get vaccinated or were hesitant to wear masks, experts said.
專家表示，新冠死亡人數從351000人上升到415000，病毒出現(xiàn)了新的變異毒株，而大批美國人拒絕接種疫苗、不愿佩戴口罩。

The coronavirus is not solely to blame. Preliminary CDC data also shows the crude death rate for cancer rose slightly, and rates continued to increase for diabetes, chronic liver disease and stroke.
新冠病毒不是唯一的罪魁禍首。美疾控中心的初步數據還顯示，癌癥的粗死亡率略有上升，糖尿病、慢性肝病和中風的粗死亡率持續(xù)上升。

Drug overdose deaths also continued to rise. New research released Tuesday showed a particularly large jump in overdose deaths among 14- to 18-year-olds.
吸毒過量死亡人數也在持續(xù)上升。4月12日公布的一項新研究顯示，美國14至18歲人群中的吸毒過量死亡人數大幅增加。

Adolescent overdose death counts were fairly constant for most of the last decade, at around 500 a year, according to the paper published by the Journal of the American Medical Association. They almost doubled in 2020, to 954, and the researchers estimated that the total hit nearly 1,150 last year.
根據《美國醫(yī)學會雜志》發(fā)表的論文，在過去十年的大部分時間里，美國青少年吸毒過量死亡人數一直穩(wěn)定在每年約500人。到2020年，這一數字幾乎翻了一番，達到954人。研究人員估計，2021年青少年吸毒過量死亡人數接近1150人。

The total number of US deaths often increases year to year as the US population grows. But 2020 and 2021 saw extraordinary jumps in death numbers and rates, due largely to the pandemic.
隨著美國人口的增長，美國死亡總人數往往逐年增加。但2020和2021在死亡人數和死亡率上出現(xiàn)了激增，主要原因是新冠疫情。

Those national death trends affect life expectancy — an estimate of the average number of years a baby born in a given year might expect to live.
美國的死亡人數趨勢影響了美國人的預期壽命（對特定年份出生的嬰兒的平均預期壽命的預測）。

With rare exceptions, US life expectancy has reliably inched up year after year. But the CDC’s life expectancy estimate for 2020 was about 77 years — more than a year and a half lower than what it was in 2019.
除了極個別情況外，美國的預期壽命確實在逐年緩慢增長。但美疾控中心對2020年的預期壽命估計約為77歲，比2019年低了一歲半。

The CDC has not yet reported its calculation for 2021. But Goldman and some other researchers have been making their own estimates, presented in papers that have not yet been published in peer-reviewed journals.
美疾控中心還沒有公布2021的預期壽命。但戈德曼和其他研究人員一直在做估算，在尚未在同行評議的雜志上發(fā)表的論文中提出。

Those researchers think US life expectancy dropped another five or six months in 2021 — putting it back to where it was 20 years ago.
研究人員認為美國的預期壽命在2021年下降了五或六個月，回到了20年前的水平。

A loss of more than two years of life expectancy over the last two years “is mammoth,” Goldman said.
戈德曼表示，過去兩年，美國預期壽命縮短超過兩年，這一數字“極其巨大”。

One study looked at death data in the US and 19 other high-income countries. The US fared the worst.
一項研究調查了美國和其他19個高收入國家的死亡數據，結果美國的情況最糟。

“What happened in the US is less about the variants than the levels of resistance to vaccination and the public’s rejection of practices, such as masking and mandates, to reduce viral transmission,” one of the study’s authors, Dr. Steven Woolf of Virginia Commonwealth University, said in a statement.
該研究論文作者之一、弗吉尼亞聯(lián)邦大學的史蒂文·伍爾夫博士在一份聲明中表示：“與其說美國的現(xiàn)狀是新冠病毒變異毒株導致的，不如說是抵抗疫苗接種，以及公眾拒絕戴口罩、抵制強制法令等避免病毒傳播的做法?！?/p>

Some experts are skeptical that life expectancy will quickly bounce back. They worry about long-term complications of COVID-19 that may hasten the deaths of people with chronic health problems.
一些專家對美國的預期壽命能否迅速恢復持懷疑態(tài)度。他們擔心新冠肺炎的長期并發(fā)癥可能加速慢性病患者的死亡。

來源：美聯(lián)社
編輯：董靜