氣候變暖不斷威脅著全球生態(tài)和人類生存空間。美國全國廣播公司8月30日報道稱，一項最新研究顯示，格陵蘭島“僵尸冰”的融化將使全球海平面上升至少27厘米。

Zombie ice from the massive Greenland ice sheet will eventually raise global sea level by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) on its own, according to a study released Monday.
8月29日公布的一項研究顯示，格陵蘭島巨大冰蓋上的“僵尸冰”融化將使全球海平面上升至少27厘米。

Zombie or doomed ice is ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by those larger glaciers. That’s because the parent glaciers are getting less replenishing snow. Meanwhile the doomed ice is melting from climate change, said study co-author William Colgan, a glaciologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.
“僵尸冰”或“死冰”附著在較厚的冰川上，但受母冰川補雪減少影響，這些冰將無法再補冰。研究論文的合著者、丹麥和格陵蘭地質(zhì)調(diào)查局的冰川學家威廉·科爾根稱，由于氣候變化，這些“僵尸冰”正在融化。

“It’s dead ice. It’s just going to melt and disappear from the ice sheet,” Colgan said in an interview. “This ice has been consigned to the ocean, regardless of what climate (emissions) scenario we take now.”
科爾根在一次采訪中稱：“這是死冰，它將融化并從冰蓋上消失。不管我們現(xiàn)在采取怎樣的氣候排放方案，這些冰都會融入海洋中。”

Study lead author Jason Box, a glaciologist at the Greenland survey, said it is “more like one foot in the grave.”
該研究論文主要作者、格陵蘭地質(zhì)調(diào)查局的冰川學家杰森·博克斯稱，這些冰“更像是死期已定”。

The unavoidable ten inches in the study is more than twice as much sea level rise as scientists had previously expected from the melting of Greenland’s ice sheet. The study in the journal Nature Climate Change said it could reach as much as 30 inches (78 centimeters). By contrast, last year’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report projected a range of 2 to 5 inches (6 to 13 centimeters) for likely sea level rise from Greenland ice melt by the year 2100.
研究預測格陵蘭冰蓋不可避免的融化將導致海平面上升27cm，這一數(shù)值是科學家此前預測的兩倍多。這項發(fā)表在《自然氣候變化》雜志上的研究顯示，最高可能會導致海平面上升78厘米。相比之下，2021年聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會的報告預測，到2100年，格陵蘭冰川融化可能導致海平面上升6至13厘米。

What scientists did for the study was look at the ice in balance. In perfect equilibrium, snowfall in the mountains in Greenland flows down and recharges and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges. But in the last few decades there’s less replenishment and more melting, creating imbalance. Study authors looked at the ratio of what’s being added to what’s being lost and calculated that 3.3% of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt no matter what happens with the world cutting carbon pollution, Colgan said.
科學家們在這項研究中觀察格陵蘭冰川的平衡。在完美的平衡狀態(tài)下，格陵蘭島山區(qū)的降雪向下流動，使冰川兩側(cè)重新結(jié)冰變厚，平衡了邊緣的融化。但在過去的幾十年里，補給更少，融化更多，造成了不平衡?？茽柛Q，研究人員觀察了加冰量與減冰量之比，并計算出無論全球如何進行減排，格陵蘭島冰川至少都會融化3.3%。

One of the study authors said that more than 120 trillion tons (110 trillion metric tons) of ice is already doomed to melt from the warming ice sheet’s inability to replenish its edges.
其中一位研究作者稱，由于融化的冰蓋邊緣無法加冰，超過110萬億公噸的冰已經(jīng)注定要融化。

This is the first time scientists calculated a minimum ice loss -- and accompanying sea level rise -- for Greenland, one of Earth’s two massive ice sheets that are slowly shrinking because of climate change from burning coal, oil and natural gas.
這是科學家首次對格陵蘭島冰層最小融化量與海平面上升相關(guān)性展開研究。格陵蘭冰蓋是地球上兩大冰蓋之一，由于燃燒煤炭、石油和天然氣導致氣候變暖，格陵蘭冰蓋正在緩慢縮小。

Although 10 inches doesn’t sound like much, that’s a global average. Some coastal areas will be hit with more, and high tides and storms on top of that could be even worse, so this much sea level rise “will have huge societal, economic and environmental impacts,” said Ellyn Enderlin, a geosciences professor at Boise State University.
雖然27cm聽起來不多，但這是全球平均值。美國博伊西州立大學地球科學教授埃林·恩德林稱，一些沿海地區(qū)將受到更多影響。此外，大潮和風暴可能會更嚴重，因此海平面的大幅上升“將對社會、經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境產(chǎn)生巨大影響”。

Time is the key unknown here and a bit of a problem with the study, said two ice scientists, Leigh Stearns of the University of Kansas and Sophie Nowicki of the University of Buffalo. The researchers in the study said they couldn’t estimate the timing of the committed melting, yet in the last sentence they mention, “within this century,” without supporting it, Stearns said.
兩位冰川科學家——堪薩斯大學的利·斯特恩斯和布法羅大學的索菲·諾維基稱，時間是這里的關(guān)鍵未知項，是這項研究存在的問題。斯特恩斯稱，研究人員表示，他們無法估計冰川融化的時間，但他們在最后提到會“在本世紀內(nèi)”，但沒有提供科學支持。

Colgan responded that the team doesn’t know how long it will take for all the doomed ice to melt, but making an educated guess, it would probably be by the end of this century or at least by 2150.
科爾根回應稱，研究小組不知道所有“僵尸冰”融化需要多長時間，但根據(jù)合理推測，可能會在本世紀末或最遲在2150年。

來源：NBC
編輯：董靜