據(jù)美聯(lián)社8月31日?qǐng)?bào)道，美疾控中心公布的最新報(bào)告顯示，2021年美國(guó)人均預(yù)期壽命為76歲1個(gè)月，連續(xù)第二年出現(xiàn)下降，新冠疫情成為導(dǎo)致美國(guó)2021年人均預(yù)期壽命縮短的首要原因。

US life expectancy dropped for the second consecutive year in 2021, falling by nearly a year from 2020, according to a government report being released Wednesday.
8月31日美國(guó)官方發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，2021年美國(guó)人均預(yù)期壽命連續(xù)第二年下降，較2020年縮短了近一年。

In the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the estimated American lifespan has shortened by nearly three years. The last comparable decrease happened in the early 1940s, during the height of World War II.
在新冠疫情暴發(fā)后的前兩年，美國(guó)人均預(yù)期壽命縮短了近三年。上一次類(lèi)似的下降發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)40年代初，即第二次世界大戰(zhàn)高潮時(shí)期。

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials blamed COVID-19 for about half the decline in 2021, a year when vaccinations became widely available but new coronavirus variants caused waves of hospitalizations and deaths. Other contributors to the decline are longstanding problems: drug overdoses, heart disease, suicide and chronic liver disease.
美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心官員將2021年美國(guó)人均預(yù)期壽命縮短的一半原因歸咎于新冠疫情。2021年疫苗接種已廣泛普及，但新變異毒株導(dǎo)致大批感染者住院或死亡。導(dǎo)致美國(guó)人均預(yù)期壽命縮短的其他原因是長(zhǎng)期存在的問(wèn)題：藥物濫用、心臟病、自殺和慢性肝病。

“It’s a dismal situation. It was bad before and it’s gotten worse,” said Samuel Preston, a University of Pennsylvania demographer.
賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家塞繆爾·普雷斯頓說(shuō)：“這個(gè)情況令人沮喪。以前的情況很糟糕，現(xiàn)在更糟。”

Life expectancy is an estimate of the average number of years a baby born in a given year might expect to live, given death rates at that time. It is “the most fundamental indicator of population health in this country,” said Robert Hummer, a University of North Carolina researcher focused on population health patterns.
人均預(yù)期壽命是根據(jù)某一年的死亡率對(duì)當(dāng)年出生的嬰兒的平均壽命的預(yù)測(cè)。北卡羅來(lái)納大學(xué)研究人口健康模式的羅伯特·哈默說(shuō)，這是“美國(guó)人口健康的最基本指標(biāo)”。

US life expectancy rose for decades, but progress stalled before the pandemic.
幾十年來(lái)，美國(guó)的人均預(yù)期壽命保持增長(zhǎng)，但疫情前開(kāi)始下降。

It was 78 years, 10 months in 2019. In 2020, it dropped to 77 years. Last year, it fell to about 76 years, 1 month.
2019年美國(guó)的人均預(yù)期壽命為78年10個(gè)月，2020年降至77年。2021年，下降到了76年零1個(gè)月。

The last time it was that low was in 1996.
與1996年的美國(guó)人均預(yù)期壽命相同。

Declines during the pandemic were worse for some racial groups, and some gaps widened. For example, life expectancy for American Indian and Alaskan Native people saw a decline of more than 6 1/2 years since the pandemic began, and is at 65 years. In the same span, life expectancy for Asian Americans dropped by about two years, and stands at 83 1/2.
新冠疫情期間，美國(guó)某些種族群體的人均預(yù)期壽命縮短更多，一些差距被拉大。例如，自疫情暴發(fā)以來(lái)，美國(guó)印第安人和阿拉斯加土著人的預(yù)期壽命縮短了6.5年以上，達(dá)到65歲。在同一時(shí)期，亞裔美國(guó)人的預(yù)期壽命下降了約兩年，為83.5歲。

Experts say there are many possible reasons for such differences, including lack of access to quality health care, lower vaccination rates, and a greater share of the population in lower-paying jobs that required them to keep working when the pandemic was at its worst.
專(zhuān)家表示，可能造成這種差異的原因有很多，包括缺乏高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)療服務(wù)、疫苗接種率較低，以及在疫情最嚴(yán)重的時(shí)候，更多從事低薪工作的人需要堅(jiān)持工作。

But it’s likely the declines in 2020 and 2021 will stand as the first two consecutive years of declining life expectancy in the US since the early 1960s, CDC officials said.
但美疾控中心官員表示，2020和2021的預(yù)期壽命下降可能是自20世紀(jì)60年代初以來(lái)美國(guó)預(yù)期壽命首次出現(xiàn)連續(xù)兩年下降的情況。

Findings in the report:
調(diào)查結(jié)果：

—Life expectancy for women in the United States dropped about 10 months, from just under 80 years in 2020 to slightly more than 79 in 2021. Life expectancy for men dropped a full year, from about 74 years to 73.
-美國(guó)女性的預(yù)期壽命下降了約10個(gè)月，從2020年的不到80歲降至2021的79歲多一點(diǎn)。男性的預(yù)期壽命整整下降了一年，從約74歲降至73歲。

—COVID-19 deaths were the main reason for the decline. The second largest contributor was deaths from accidental injuries — primarily from drug overdoses, which killed a record-breaking 107,000 Americans last year.
-新冠疫情是美國(guó)人均預(yù)期壽命下降的主要原因。第二大致死原因是意外傷害，其中以藥物濫用為主。2021年有107000名美國(guó)人死于意外傷害，創(chuàng)歷史新高。

—White people saw the second biggest drop among racial and ethnic groups, with life expectancy falling one year, to about 76 years, 5 months. Black Americans had the third largest decline, falling more than eight months, to 70 years, 10 months
-美國(guó)白人的預(yù)期壽命下降了一年，降至76歲零5個(gè)月，下降幅度排在第二。美國(guó)黑人的預(yù)期壽命下降幅度排在第三，下降了8個(gè)多月，降至70歲10個(gè)月。

—Hispanic Americans had seen a huge drop in life expectancy in 2020 — four years. But in 2021, life expectancy for them dropped by about two months, to about 77 years, 7 months.
-西班牙裔美國(guó)人的預(yù)期壽命在2020年大幅縮短4年，而在2021年縮短了約兩個(gè)月，降至約77歲7個(gè)月。

來(lái)源：美聯(lián)社
編輯：董靜