歐洲能源危機的影響已經(jīng)蔓延到德國啤酒行業(yè)。受天然氣價格高企等因素影響，德國已出現(xiàn)并可能持續(xù)面臨碳酸短缺，令多家啤酒生產商和灌裝商發(fā)愁。

A shortage of carbon dioxide is causing German drinks manufacturers to cut production and warn of bankruptcies, in the latest sign of how Europe’s energy crisis is sending shockwaves through the region’s economy.
二氧化碳短缺導致德國飲品制造商減產并發(fā)出破產警告，這是能源危機對歐洲經(jīng)濟造成沖擊的最新表現(xiàn)。

“More and more of the companies in the beverage industry that depend on the availability of CO? are having to significantly reduce their production or stop it altogether,” Holger Eichele, head of the German brewers’ association, told the Financial Times. “For many of the companies affected, this has dramatic consequences.”
德國釀造業(yè)協(xié)會負責人霍爾格·埃切勒對英國《金融時報》表示：“越來越多依賴二氧化碳的飲品企業(yè)不得不大幅減產，或者完全停產。許多公司因此受到巨大影響?！?/p>

Carbonic acid is urgently needed in the entire food industry for production and packaging processes. Carbonic acid is formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide and water. Breweries need them primarily to “preload” tanks, bottles and kegs so that the beer does not come into contact with air during filling and does not foam during bottling. Many breweries also produce non-alcoholic beverages, which require even more carbonation.
食品工業(yè)生產和包裝過程都離不開碳酸。二氧化碳和水反應生成碳酸。啤酒廠主要用其“預填充”酒罐、瓶子和酒桶，以便啤酒在灌裝過程中不會與空氣接觸，也不會在裝瓶過程中產生泡沫。許多啤酒廠還會生產無酒精飲料，這需要更多的碳酸。

However, according to estimates by the Federal Association of the German Food Industry, only 30 to 40 percent of the usual CO2 delivery quantities are currently available. The price of CO? has shot up to almost €3,500 per tonne from €100 per tonne a year ago.
然而，德國食品工業(yè)聯(lián)邦協(xié)會估測，目前二氧化碳的輸送量僅為以往的30%至40%。二氧化碳的價格從一年前的每噸100歐元飆升至每噸近3500歐元。

The shortage of CO? — a byproduct of ammonia production — has been worsening for months as record gas prices prompt the fertilizer industry to reduce output.
二氧化碳短缺問題持續(xù)惡化數(shù)月，這是因為天然氣價格飆升導致化肥行業(yè)減產，而二氧化碳正是化肥生產中的副產品。

The connection is: less fertilizer equals less carbon dioxide equals less carbonic acid.
它們之間的聯(lián)系是：化肥越少，二氧化碳越少，碳酸越少。

Wholesale gas prices in Europe have fallen 44 percent from a record high last month but at €190 per megawatt hour they remain almost six times higher than a year ago.
歐洲天然氣批發(fā)價格從8月創(chuàng)紀錄高位回落，下降44%至190歐元/兆瓦時，但較2021年同期仍高出近六倍。

This has prompted some energy-intensive manufacturers to cut output or even shut it down, causing a 2.3 percent drop in eurozone industrial production between June and July — its biggest monthly fall since the pandemic hit in 2020.
一些能源密集型制造商因此減產甚至關閉工廠，導致6至7月歐元區(qū)工業(yè)生產下降2.3%，這是2020年疫情以來的最大月度降幅。

The managing director of the Augsburg brewery Riegele, Sebastian Priller, says that the situation has worsened significantly since the beginning of the summer. “We also assume that things will get worse rather than better.” As long as energy costs remain high or continue to rise, there will be a further shortage.
德國奧格斯堡啤酒廠力格勒總經(jīng)理塞巴斯蒂安·普里勒表示，夏季開始以來情況明顯惡化?！拔覀冋J為情況會變得更糟，并不會好轉”，只要能源成本居高不下或繼續(xù)上升，二氧化碳就會進一步缺乏。

“And if the breweries run out of carbon dioxide, they can’t produce.” Planning is currently impossible. “The situation can change every week,” says Priller. “At the industry meetings, everyone asks: Where do you get your carbon dioxide from? Do you have another Source?”
普里勒稱：“如果啤酒廠的二氧化碳用完了，他們就無法生產?！蹦壳盁o法制定生產規(guī)劃?！扒闆r每周都會發(fā)生變化。在行業(yè)會議上，每個人都會問：你的二氧化碳是從哪里來的？你還有其他渠道嗎？”

The Aktienbrauerei Kaufbeuren has already restricted production. “We haven’t been making lemonade since last week,” says Managing Director Gottfried Csauth. “Because lemonade needs a lot of carbonic acid and we only had small amounts, there was no other way.”
Aktienbrauerei Kaufbeuren公司已經(jīng)限制生產，該公司總經(jīng)理戈特弗里德·科薩特說：“從上周開始，我們就停止生產檸檬水了。因為檸檬水需要大量的碳酸，而我們的碳酸原料非常有限，所以我們別無選擇?！?/p>

來源：德新社，金融時報
編輯：董靜