美國死于槍下的學(xué)齡兒童人數(shù)急劇增加，兇殺案發(fā)生率約為發(fā)達(dá)國家的6至9倍。槍支暴力成5至18歲兒童第二大死因。這一趨勢使臨床醫(yī)學(xué)、公共衛(wèi)生和政策面臨的挑戰(zhàn)越來越嚴(yán)峻。

Firearm-related deaths in school-age children are dramatically increasing in the United States where homicide rates are about six to ninefold higher than those in comparably developed countries. Firearm-related deaths also are the second-leading cause of death in children ages 5 to 18. This epidemic poses increasing major clinical, public health and policy challenges.
美國死于槍下的學(xué)齡兒童人數(shù)急劇增加，兇殺案發(fā)生率約為發(fā)達(dá)國家平均水平的6至9倍。槍支暴力是5至18歲兒童第二大死因。這一趨勢使臨床醫(yī)學(xué)、公共衛(wèi)生和政策面臨的挑戰(zhàn)越來越嚴(yán)峻。

In the aftermath of the tragic mass shooting in Uvalde, Texas, a new study by Florida Atlantic University’s Schmidt College of Medicine and collaborators, investigated firearm-related deaths among school-age children 5 to 18 years in Texas from 1999 to 2020. They utilized the Multiple Cause of Death Files of the US National Center for Health Statistics.
在得克薩斯州烏瓦爾德慘案發(fā)生后，佛羅里達(dá)大西洋大學(xué)施密特醫(yī)學(xué)院進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)聯(lián)合研究，調(diào)查了1999年至2020年間得州死于槍下的5至18歲學(xué)齡兒童人數(shù)。研究數(shù)據(jù)來自美國國家衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計(jì)中心的多死因檔案。

Results of the study, published in the Texas Public Health Journal, show that from 1999 to 2020 there were 4,090 firearm fatalities among Texas school-age children. Following significant declines from 1999 to 2013, firearm fatality rates significantly increased.
研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《得州公共衛(wèi)生雜志》。研究顯示，1999年至2020年，得州學(xué)齡兒童中有4090人死于槍下。兒童的槍擊死亡率在1999年至2013年顯著下降，之后大幅上升。

From 2013 to 2020, rates were highest among non-Hispanic Black children, followed in order by non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, and Asian and Pacific Islander children.
在2013年至2020年，非西班牙裔黑人兒童的槍殺死亡率最高，其次是非西班牙裔白人、西班牙裔以及亞裔和太平洋島民兒童。

Homicide accounted for most deaths among black and Hispanic children while suicide predominated for white children. Black school-age children ages 5 to 14 experienced statistically significant increases in firearm-related deaths beginning in 2013. From 2013 to 2017, racial inequalities in firearm-related deaths between black and white school-age children increased significantly among those who were 5 to 14 years old, as well as those who were 15 to 18 years old.
在死于槍下的黑人和西班牙裔兒童中，多數(shù)是死于謀殺，而死于槍下的白人兒童中自殺人數(shù)最多。從2013年起，死于槍下的5至14歲黑人學(xué)齡兒童統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯著增加。從2013年至2017年，5至14歲和15至18歲這兩個年齡段的黑人和白人學(xué)齡兒童的槍殺死亡率的種族不平等性顯著增加。

“The increasing rates from firearm deaths in the US among school-age children are not unique to Texas,” said Charles H. Hennekens, M.D., Dr. PH, senior author, and senior academic advisor, FAU Schmidt College of Medicine. “These rapidly increasing rates have been noted across the entire country. It is sobering that, in 2020, more than 4,500 US school-age children were killed by firearms compared with 45 police officers who were killed in the line of duty.”
查爾斯·H·亨尼肯斯說：“學(xué)齡兒童槍殺死亡率上升并不是得州獨(dú)有的現(xiàn)象。在美國各地這一比率都在快速增長。令人震驚的是，2020年，超過4500名美國學(xué)齡兒童死于槍擊，而有45名警察在執(zhí)行任務(wù)時被槍殺?！焙嗄峥纤故轻t(yī)學(xué)博士、公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)博士、資深作者、福施密特醫(yī)學(xué)院高級學(xué)術(shù)顧問。

Statistically significant increases in firearm-related deaths in the US began in 2009, with the first epidemic among those who were 5 to 14 years old, followed by a second epidemic that began in 2014 among those who were 15 to 18 years old. Each of these epidemics has continued through 2017, the most recent year for which US mortality data are currently available. Percentages of all deaths due to firearms were 5.6 at ages 5 to 14 and 19.9 at ages 15 to 18.
美國因槍擊死亡的人數(shù)從2009年開始顯著增加，5至14歲的兒童死亡人數(shù)最先開始上升，從2014年開始15至18歲的青少年死亡人數(shù)飆升。這兩個群體死于槍下的人數(shù)持續(xù)增長，直至2017年，這是目前美國死亡率數(shù)據(jù)可查詢的最新年份。在5至14歲的兒童中，5.6%的死因?yàn)闃寭簦?5至18歲的青少年中，19.9%的死因?yàn)闃寭簟?/p>

“Further analytic studies are needed,” said Hennekens. “My colleagues and I believe that combatting the epidemic of death due to firearms among school-age children without addressing firearms is analogous to combatting the epidemic of death from lung cancer due to cigarettes without addressing cigarettes.”
亨尼肯斯說：“我們需要進(jìn)一步分析研究。我和同事們都認(rèn)為，不解決槍支問題，就妄圖遏制學(xué)齡兒童槍殺死亡率的上升趨勢，就像在不消滅香煙的情況下，就試圖抗擊因吸煙而患肺癌死亡的流行趨勢一樣。”

來源：science blog
編輯：董靜