近日，《韋氏詞典》公布2022年度詞匯為“gaslighting（煤氣燈效應(yīng)）”。它指的是操縱思想、嚴(yán)重誤導(dǎo)、徹頭徹尾的欺騙行為。在《韋氏詞典》上，2022年這個詞的搜索量比上一年增加了1740%。

This year, the number of times people looked up Merriam-Webster’s definition of gaslighting skyrocketed 1740 percent compared to 2021. So it seems fitting that the dictionary named it 2022’s word of the year.
2022年，《韋氏詞典》中g(shù)aslighting的查詢次數(shù)激增1740%。因此，這個單詞當(dāng)選該詞典2022年度詞匯似乎是理所當(dāng)然的。

Merriam-Webster actually has two definitions for the noun. The first is as follows: “psychological manipulation of a person usually over an extended period of time that causes the victim to question the validity of their own thoughts, perception of reality, or memories and typically leads to confusion, loss of confidence and self-esteem, uncertainty of one's emotional or mental stability, and a dependency on the perpetrator.”
《韋氏詞典》對gaslighting有兩條定義。其中一條指：對一個人的心理操縱，通常持續(xù)很長一段時間，導(dǎo)致受害者質(zhì)疑自己的思想、對現(xiàn)實的感知或記憶的可靠性，通常導(dǎo)致困惑、信心和自尊的喪失、情緒或精神的不穩(wěn)定，以及對施暴者的依賴。

Gaslighting源自帕特里克·漢密爾頓1938年創(chuàng)作的劇本。1944年，改編自該劇本的經(jīng)典黑色懸疑片《煤氣燈下》（Gaslight）問世。這部影片講述了丈夫為了謀取妻子的財產(chǎn)，千方百計把妻子逼瘋的故事。劇中，妻子看到了微弱的煤氣燈光，丈夫卻一直否認(rèn)，說她看錯了。妻子單純地愛著丈夫，對其深信不疑，久而久之就確信自己真的看錯了。

美國心理學(xué)家羅賓·斯特恩受到電影的啟發(fā)，結(jié)合20年的臨床經(jīng)驗，寫出了轟動一時的書——《煤氣燈效應(yīng)：遠(yuǎn)離情感暴力和操縱狂》。

US-based author of The Gaslight Effect, Dr Robin Stern, outlined the insidious nature of gaslighting, writing: "It's a form of emotional abuse and manipulation that is difficult to recognize and even harder to break free from."
《煤氣燈效應(yīng)》的美國作者羅賓·斯特恩博士概述了“煤氣燈”陰險的本質(zhì)，寫道：“這是一種難以識別的情感虐待和操縱，甚至更難以擺脫?！?/p>

But as Merriam-Webster explained in a blog post, people these days don’t just use gaslighting to describe total reality-distorting manipulation. It can also refer more generally to “the act or practice of grossly misleading someone especially for one’s own advantage.” With all the disinformation floating around the internet, it can be tough to realize when you’re being gaslighted into discarding your own perceptions or beliefs.
但《韋氏詞典》在一篇博文中表示，現(xiàn)在gaslighting不僅形容扭曲事實的思想控制，也可以泛指“特專指為自己的利益而嚴(yán)重誤導(dǎo)別人的行為或做法”。由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上充斥著虛假信息，當(dāng)你被激怒而拋棄自己的看法或信念時，是很難意識到自己被操控了。

來源：Mental Floss
編輯：董靜