據(jù)雅虎新聞2月6日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)在歷史上實(shí)行“醫(yī)學(xué)種族主義”的做法使得少數(shù)族裔不信任現(xiàn)有醫(yī)療體系，導(dǎo)致臨床試驗(yàn)少數(shù)族裔樣本不足。研究顯示，占美國(guó)總?cè)丝?3%的非裔僅占臨床試驗(yàn)參與者的8%。此外，美國(guó)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)仍存在種族歧視，一些醫(yī)生稱，少數(shù)族裔很難獲得參與臨床試驗(yàn)的機(jī)會(huì)。

For decades, racial and ethnic minorities have been underrepresented in clinical trials even though they are disproportionately affected by several health issues such as diabetes and hypertension. According to the Robert A. Winn Diversity in Clinical Trials Award Program, 80% of individuals involved in clinical trials are white, compared to 58% in the U.S. population as a whole, which negatively affects the care that people of color receive.
幾十年來(lái)，盡管美國(guó)少數(shù)族裔受糖尿病和高血壓等多種健康問(wèn)題的影響尤為嚴(yán)重，但他們?cè)谂R床試驗(yàn)中的代表性仍不足。根據(jù)羅伯特·A·韋恩臨床試驗(yàn)多樣性獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)計(jì)劃，參與臨床試驗(yàn)的80%是白人，而白人在美國(guó)整體人口中占比為58%，這對(duì)有色人種接受治療產(chǎn)生了不利影響。

“If you look nationally, the number of folk of color [in clinical trials] are minuscule,” said Dr. Robert Winn, director of the Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, to Yahoo News.
弗吉尼亞聯(lián)邦大學(xué)梅西癌癥中心主任羅伯特·韋恩博士告訴雅虎新聞：“如果在全美范圍內(nèi)看，（臨床試驗(yàn)中）有色人種的數(shù)量是很少的。”

Studies estimate that Black Americans make up about 8% of participants in clinical trials but represent 13% of the U.S. population, and Hispanics account for 11% in trials, even though they are 16% of the national population.
研究估計(jì)，占美國(guó)總?cè)丝?3%的非裔約占臨床試驗(yàn)參與者的8%，占美國(guó)總?cè)丝?6%的西班牙裔在臨床試驗(yàn)中占11%。

“Not having that diversity in clinical trials prevents us from having information that can inform both patients, caregivers, and physicians around the appropriate medication that might be best for a particular patient,” Maria Apostolaros, a deputy vice president at PhRMA, a biopharmaceutical research company, told Yahoo News.
生物制藥研究機(jī)構(gòu)美國(guó)藥品研究與制造商協(xié)會(huì)（PhRMA）副總裁瑪麗亞·阿頗斯托拉羅斯表示：“臨床試驗(yàn)缺乏種族多樣性，我們就無(wú)法獲得信息來(lái)告知患者、護(hù)理人員和醫(yī)生可能最適合特定患者的藥物?！?br>

Experts say the lack of diversity in trials is due to “a mistrust of the medical system by many underrepresented minority populations in the United States, and there’s historical sort of events that have caused that,” John Damonti, the president of Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation, which focuses on health equity, told Yahoo News.
專注于健康公平的百時(shí)美施貴寶基金會(huì)主席約翰·達(dá)蒙蒂告訴雅虎新聞，專家表示，臨床試驗(yàn)缺乏多樣性是因?yàn)椤懊绹?guó)許多未被充分代表的少數(shù)族裔對(duì)醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的不信任。這種情況是由歷史原因?qū)е碌摹薄?br>

The most notable instance of medical racism occurred in 1932 when doctors from the United States Public Health Service embarked on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study in which hundreds of Black men were used as subjects for experimentation and research.
1932年，美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生署的醫(yī)生開(kāi)始了塔斯基吉梅毒研究，引發(fā)了臭名昭著的醫(yī)學(xué)種族主義事件，在這項(xiàng)研究中數(shù)百名黑人男性被當(dāng)做實(shí)驗(yàn)體和研究對(duì)象。

“Tuskegee is just one really terrible example but there have been so many examples of these kinds of abuses and clinical research throughout the years, especially here in the United States,” Dr. Joshua Budhu, a neurologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, told Yahoo News.
紐約斯隆·凱特琳癌癥中心的神經(jīng)學(xué)家約書(shū)亞·布杜博士說(shuō)告訴雅虎新聞：“塔斯基吉梅毒只是多年來(lái)眾多駭人聽(tīng)聞的種族主義虐待和臨床研究案例之一，尤其在美國(guó)還有很多。”

“Now that we are creating therapies and creating trials that would also benefit people of color, we still have this leftover mistrust,” Winn said.
韋恩說(shuō)： “現(xiàn)在我們研究的治療方法、進(jìn)行的臨床試驗(yàn)也會(huì)使有色人種受益，但不信任仍然存在”。

For racial and ethnic minorities discrimination in health care is a problem that still plagues our society today. Over 40% of African American, Native American and Latinos have experienced unfair treatment in the medical field, according to a 2021 study by the Brookings Institute.
對(duì)于少數(shù)族裔來(lái)說(shuō)，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的種族歧視是一個(gè)仍然困擾著美國(guó)社會(huì)的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)布魯金斯學(xué)會(huì)2021年的一項(xiàng)研究，超過(guò)40%的非裔美國(guó)人、美洲原住民和拉美裔美國(guó)人在醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)遭受過(guò)不公平待遇。

Along with a lack of trust, doctors say minorities have trouble getting access to clinical trials. “We’re actually depriving people of first-line therapy,” Budhu said. “One other kind of practical point about why clinical trial diversity is important is that it actually saves lots of money.”
除了缺乏信任，醫(yī)生們表示少數(shù)族裔很難獲得臨床試驗(yàn)。布杜說(shuō)：“我們實(shí)際上是在剝奪人們接受一線治療的機(jī)會(huì)。另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，臨床試驗(yàn)多樣性很重要，是因?yàn)閷?shí)際上這樣可以節(jié)省很多錢。”

A 2022 University of Southern California study found that clinical trials save lives and money. “Health disparities in general cost trillions of dollars, but just by improving clinical trial diversity, which helps to decrease health disparities, it will actually save billions of dollars,” Budhu said.
2022年南加州大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，臨床試驗(yàn)可以挽救生命和節(jié)省金錢。布杜說(shuō)：“一般而言，醫(yī)療差距的缺口達(dá)數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元，通過(guò)提高臨床試驗(yàn)多樣性有助于縮小醫(yī)療差距，實(shí)際上這樣能節(jié)省數(shù)十億美元的治療費(fèi)用?！?/span>

來(lái)源：雅虎新聞
編輯：董靜，李蕙帆（實(shí)習(xí)生）