大學(xué)是從學(xué)校邁向社會(huì)的過(guò)渡時(shí)期，這可能是學(xué)生們第一次可以自由支配時(shí)間，但這種自由往往伴隨著來(lái)自學(xué)術(shù)、社交活動(dòng)甚至睡眠需求的沖突。

一支研究團(tuán)隊(duì)評(píng)估了學(xué)期初晚間睡眠時(shí)間如何影響大一學(xué)生期末成績(jī)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生們的平均睡眠僅為6.5小時(shí)，當(dāng)學(xué)生睡眠時(shí)間少于6小時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)明顯下降。

A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students end-of-semester grade point average (GPA). Using Fitbit sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes accumulate when students received less than six hours of sleep a night. The results are available in the Feb. 13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
一支由多機(jī)構(gòu)組成的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)首次評(píng)估了學(xué)期初晚間睡眠時(shí)間對(duì)大學(xué)新生期末平均績(jī)點(diǎn) (GPA)的影響。研究人員通過(guò)Fitbit睡眠追蹤器，發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生平均每晚睡眠時(shí)間為 6.5 小時(shí)，當(dāng)學(xué)生每晚睡眠時(shí)間少于6小時(shí)時(shí)，負(fù)面效應(yīng)就會(huì)累積。該研究結(jié)果2月13日發(fā)表在《美國(guó)科學(xué)院院報(bào)》上。

Sleep guidelines recommend teenagers get 8 to 10 hours of sleep every night. Many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep.
睡眠指南建議青少年每晚睡眠時(shí)間為8-10個(gè)小時(shí)。許多大學(xué)生都存在睡眠不規(guī)律和睡眠不足的問(wèn)題。

David Creswell, the William S. Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA. College students often push themselves to achieve.
（卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)）迪特里希人文與社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)院心理學(xué)和神經(jīng)科學(xué)教授威廉·S·迪特里希二世和大衛(wèi)·克雷斯維爾帶領(lǐng)一組研究人員評(píng)估睡眠與 GPA 之間的關(guān)系。

“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell. "Here we show how this work translates to humans. The less nightly sleep a first year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”
克雷斯維爾說(shuō)：“動(dòng)物研究表明了睡眠對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶至關(guān)重要。我們的研究論證了睡眠對(duì)人類學(xué)習(xí)和記憶的影響。大一學(xué)生在學(xué)期初的夜間睡眠越少，預(yù)示著學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)GPA越低。睡眠不足可能損害了大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力?！?/p>

此前的動(dòng)物研究表明，白天形成的記憶會(huì)在睡眠中得到鞏固。 當(dāng)正常的睡眠模式被打斷時(shí)，白天學(xué)到的內(nèi)容就會(huì)被遺忘。

這一結(jié)論是否適用于學(xué)生？睡眠中斷或睡眠不足是否會(huì)影響學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)，以及是否影響成績(jī)表現(xiàn)？研究人員對(duì)此進(jìn)行了論證。

睡眠每減少1小時(shí)，期末GPA下降0.07

The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities. The students wore wrist Fitbit devices to monitor and record their sleep patterns. The researchers found that students in the study sleep on average 6.5 hours a night.
該研究對(duì)三所大學(xué)600多名大一學(xué)生進(jìn)行了5項(xiàng)研究。學(xué)生在手腕上佩戴Fitbit設(shè)備來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)和記錄他們的睡眠模式。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，參與研究的學(xué)生平均每晚睡眠僅為6.5小時(shí)。

More surprisingly, the researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to a 0.07 decrease in end-of-term GPA.
更令人驚訝的是，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠不足6小時(shí)的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)明顯下滑。此外，睡眠每減少1小時(shí)，期末GPA下降0.07。

熬夜積累睡眠債 “挑燈夜戰(zhàn)”不可取

“Once you start dipping below six hours, you are starting to accumulate massive sleep debt that can impair a student’s health and study habits, compromising the whole system,” said Creswell. “Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it persisted.”
克雷斯維爾說(shuō)：“一旦你的睡眠時(shí)間開(kāi)始低于 6 小時(shí)，就會(huì)開(kāi)始積累大量的睡眠債，這會(huì)損害學(xué)生的健康和學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，從而危及全局。最令我驚訝的是，無(wú)論我們采取什么措施來(lái)消除這種影響，它都會(huì)持續(xù)存在。”

“A popular belief among college students is value studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. "Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep.”
克雷斯維爾說(shuō)：“很多大學(xué)生認(rèn)為，晚上多學(xué)習(xí)或多聚會(huì)很重要。但我們的研究表明，減少夜間睡眠的代價(jià)可能是影響你的學(xué)習(xí)能力和學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)。在安排時(shí)間時(shí)有必要考慮夜間睡眠的重要性?！?/p>

來(lái)源：cmu.edu
編輯：董靜