> Jimmy Carter to receive hospice care
美國前總統(tǒng)卡特接受臨終關(guān)懷

Jimmy Carter, 98, the oldest living former US president, has opted to spend his final days at his Georgia home receiving hospice care, his namesake nonprofit foundation says.
現(xiàn)年98歲的吉米?卡特是目前在世最年長的美國前總統(tǒng)。美國卡特中心18日發(fā)布聲明稱，卡特決定不再接受醫(yī)療干預(yù)，而是選擇在佐治亞州的家中接受臨終關(guān)懷服務(wù)。

"After a series of short hospital stays, former US President Jimmy Carter today decided to spend his remaining time at home with his family and receive hospice care instead of additional medical intervention," the Carter Center said."He has the full support of his family and his medical team."
“在經(jīng)過一系列的短期住院治療后，前總統(tǒng)吉米?卡特決定放棄接受醫(yī)療干預(yù)，選擇在家中與家人共度生命的最后時日?！笨ㄌ刂行牡穆暶髡f，“這一決定獲得他的家人和醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊全力支持?！?/p>

The Carter Center did not say what prompted the nonagenarian to forgo "additional medical intervention".
卡特中心的聲明并未詳細(xì)說明卡特近期為何就診以及為何選擇接受臨終關(guān)懷。

One of his grandsons, Jason Carter, tweeted late on Saturday: "I saw both of my grandparents yesterday. They are at peace and — as always — their home is full of love."
周六（18日）下午，卡特的孫子杰森?卡特在社交媒體發(fā)文確認(rèn)了卡特將在家中接受臨終關(guān)懷的消息。他表示，他前一天探望了祖父祖母，“他們?nèi)缤Ｒ话愫芷胶?，他們的家中也充滿了愛”。

Carter has overcome serious health problems in recent years, most notably when he announced in 2015 that he had brain cancer but late that year declared he was cancer free after treatment, according to US media reports.
據(jù)美國媒體報道，卡特近年來遭遇了一系列健康危機(jī)。2015年，他被診出腦部存在腫瘤。但治療過后，醫(yī)生在當(dāng)年年底宣布卡特腦內(nèi)已無癌細(xì)胞存在。

> Nightly sleep is key to student success
晚間睡眠對學(xué)生來說，很重要！

A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students’ end-of-semester grade point average (GPA).
一支由多機(jī)構(gòu)組成的研究團(tuán)隊首次評估了學(xué)期初晚間睡眠時間對大學(xué)新生期末平均績點的影響。

Using Fitbit sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep 6.5 hours a night, but negative outcomes accumulate when students received less than six hours of sleep a night.
通過Fitbit睡眠追蹤器，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生平均每晚睡眠時間為6.5小時，當(dāng)學(xué)生每晚睡眠時間少于6小時時，負(fù)面效應(yīng)就會累積。

The results are available in the Feb. 13 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
該研究結(jié)果2月13日發(fā)表在《美國科學(xué)院院報》上。

Sleep guidelines recommend teenagers get 8 to 10 hours of sleep every night, but many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep.
睡眠指南建議青少年每晚睡眠時間為8-10個小時，但許多大學(xué)生都存在睡眠不規(guī)律和睡眠不足的問題。

David Creswell, the William S. Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA.
（卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)）迪特里希人文與社會科學(xué)學(xué)院心理學(xué)和神經(jīng)科學(xué)教授大衛(wèi)?克雷斯維爾帶領(lǐng)一組研究人員評估睡眠與GPA之間的關(guān)系。

“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell. "Here we show how this work translates to humans. The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”
克雷斯維爾說：“動物研究表明了睡眠對學(xué)習(xí)和記憶至關(guān)重要。我們的研究論證了睡眠對人類學(xué)習(xí)和記憶的影響。大一學(xué)生在學(xué)期初的夜間睡眠越少，預(yù)示著學(xué)期結(jié)束時GPA越低。睡眠不足可能損害了大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力?！?/p>

The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities.
該研究對三所大學(xué)600多名大一學(xué)生進(jìn)行了5項研究。

The students wore wrist Fitbit devices to monitor and record their sleep patterns.
學(xué)生在手腕上佩戴Fitbit設(shè)備來監(jiān)測和記錄他們的睡眠模式。

The researchers found that students in the study sleep on average 6.5 hours a night.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，參與研究的學(xué)生平均每晚睡眠僅為6.5小時。

More surprisingly, the researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance.
更令人驚訝的是，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠不足6小時的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)成績明顯下滑。

In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to a 0.07 decrease in the end-of-term GPA.
此外，睡眠每減少1小時，期末GPA下降0.07。

“Once you start dipping below six hours, you are starting to accumulate massive sleep debt that can impair a student’s health and study habits, compromising the whole system,” said Creswell. “Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it persisted.”
克雷斯維爾說：“一旦你的睡眠時間開始低于 6 小時，就會開始積累大量的睡眠債，這會損害學(xué)生的健康和學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，從而危及全局。最令我驚訝的是，無論我們采取什么措施來消除這種影響，它都會持續(xù)存在?！?/p>

“A popular belief among college students is that one should value studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. "Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs from reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep.”
克雷斯維爾還說：“很多大學(xué)生認(rèn)為，晚上多學(xué)習(xí)或多聚會很重要。但我們的研究表明，減少夜間睡眠的代價可能是影響你的學(xué)習(xí)能力和學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)。在安排時間時有必要考慮夜間睡眠的重要性?！?/p>

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