> AI experiment shows ‘mind-reading’ capability
《盜夢空間》成真？AI可以讀取大腦重現(xiàn)夢境了……

After waking up, you may feel frustrated you cannot recall the dreams you had last night. Artificial intelligence may be able to help.
如果醒來后記不得昨晚做的夢，你可能會覺得沮喪，而人工智能（AI）或許可以幫上忙。

Previously, there have been AI models that can turn text into images. They do this by learning from a large amount of data from both texts and images. This time, researchers from Osaka University in Japan have trained an AI system called Stable Diffusion to re-create images based on people's brain scans, Science magazine reported.
此前，研究人員已創(chuàng)建出能夠?qū)⑽谋巨D(zhuǎn)換為圖像的AI模型，AI可以學(xué)習(xí)來自測試和圖像中的大量數(shù)據(jù)，從而實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換。據(jù)《科學(xué)》雜志報道，這一次，日本大阪大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊訓(xùn)練了一個名為“穩(wěn)定擴(kuò)散”的AI模型，基于人們的大腦掃描再生成圖像。

The researchers used an online data set provided by the University of Minnesota, which consisted of brain scans from four participants as they each viewed a set of 10,000 photos. The scans were recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging.
研究人員使用了美國明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)提供的在線數(shù)據(jù)集，其中包括4名參與者觀看一組10000張照片時的腦部掃描結(jié)果，該結(jié)果由功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）記錄。

The AI then learned about the brain activities by analyzing changes in blood flow shown by the fMRI data — when a part of the brain is activated, more blood will flow to it. It then matched the brain activity with the photos. 
隨后，AI通過分析fMRI數(shù)據(jù)顯示的血流變化了解大腦活動——大腦的一部分激活時，會有更多的血液流向該區(qū)域，而后便能將大腦活動與照片相匹配。

Through this method, AI learned how human brains would react when seeing different photos.
通過這種方法，AI了解到人類大腦觀看不同照片時的反應(yīng)。

Finally, the researchers tested the AI on additional brain scans from the same participants when they viewed photos of a toy bear, airplane, clock and train. 
最后，在同一批參與者觀看玩具熊、飛機(jī)、時鐘和火車的照片時，研究人員對其進(jìn)行了額外的腦部掃描。

If the person looked at an airplane, for example, the AI would use the brain scan data to create an image of a very blurry airplane. Then, it would turn on the previous "text-to-image" model and improve the quality of the image by feeding itself the keyword "airplane". 
例如，一個人看著一架飛機(jī)時，AI會使用大腦掃描數(shù)據(jù)生成一個非常模糊的飛機(jī)圖像。然后，AI會啟動之前的“文本轉(zhuǎn)圖像”模型，并給自己“喂”下“飛機(jī)”這一關(guān)鍵詞，以提高圖像的質(zhì)量。

The final images were "convincing" to about 80 percent accuracy, according to the researchers.
據(jù)研究人員稱，最終得到的圖像“幾可亂真”，且準(zhǔn)確率高達(dá)約80%。

The new study created a novel approach that incorporates text and images to "decipher the brain", Ariel Goldstein from Princeton University said. 
美國普林斯頓大學(xué)的科學(xué)家Ariel Goldstein在接受《科學(xué)》雜志采訪時表示，這項新研究創(chuàng)造了一種結(jié)合文本和圖像來“破譯”大腦的新方法。

In the future, scientists hope the technology can be used to record imagined thoughts and dreams or allow people to understand how differently other animals perceive reality.
未來，科研人員們希望這項技術(shù)可以用來記錄幻想和夢境，或是讓人們了解其他動物對現(xiàn)實的感知有何不同。

> J&J agrees to pay $8.9b over cancer claims
美國強(qiáng)生公司擬支付89億美元賠款解決產(chǎn)品致癌索賠

Johnson & Johnson said on Tuesday it had agreed to pay $8.9 billion to tens of thousands of people who claimed the company’s talcum powder products caused cancer.
美國強(qiáng)生公司近日表示，已同意向數(shù)萬名聲稱該公司滑石粉產(chǎn)品致癌的人支付89億美元。

The proposed settlement would be paid out over 25 years through a subsidiary, which filed for bankruptcy to enable the $8.9 billion trust, Johnson & Johnson said in a court filing. 
強(qiáng)生在一份法庭文件中稱，擬議中的和解協(xié)議將通過一家子公司在25年內(nèi)支付，該子公司申請破產(chǎn)，以啟用89億美元的信托。

If a bankruptcy court approves it, the agreement will resolve all current and future claims involving Johnson & Johnson products that contain talc, such as baby powder.
該公司表示，如果破產(chǎn)法院批準(zhǔn)，該協(xié)議將解決目前和未來涉及強(qiáng)生產(chǎn)品中含有滑石粉的所有索賠，如嬰兒爽身粉。

The first filing had set aside $2 billion for payouts to plaintiffs. With the new filing, Johnson & Johnson said it would set aside an additional $6.9 billion to cover the payouts.
LTL Management公司的第一次破產(chǎn)申請撥出了20億美元用于支付原告。在新的申請中，強(qiáng)生公司表示將額外留出69億美元用于支付這些費用。

J&J isn’t admitting any wrongdoing as part of the proposed settlement, a point company executives emphasized in a Tuesday statement that maintained the claims “are specious and lack scientific merit.”
在擬議的和解協(xié)議中，強(qiáng)生沒有承認(rèn)任何不當(dāng)行為，公司高管在4日的聲明中強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一點，稱這些指控“似是而非，缺乏科學(xué)依據(jù)”。

The company is facing more than 40,000 lawsuits from former customers who say using its talc-based baby powder caused cancer, including some who allege the product contained cancer-causing asbestos. 
該公司正面臨來自前客戶的4萬多起訴訟，這些客戶稱使用其滑石粉嬰兒爽身粉會導(dǎo)致癌癥，其中一些人聲稱該產(chǎn)品含有致癌石棉。

It announced plans to end sales of its talc-based baby powder globally in 2023.
該公司宣布計劃于2023年在全球停止銷售其滑石粉嬰兒爽身粉。

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