> Americans spending more, buying less
美國(guó)民眾花在食品上的錢(qián)更多 但是買(mǎi)的卻更少了

The past few months of robust grocery store sales would suggest shoppers in the US aren’t stretched for cash. But that’s not the full story.
過(guò)去幾個(gè)月美國(guó)食品雜貨店強(qiáng)勁的銷(xiāo)售額是否意味著消費(fèi)者的手頭不再拮據(jù)了？事實(shí)并非你所看到的那樣。

Food manufacturers like Kellogg, PepsiCo and Nestlé all reported sales growth in the first quarter of the year.
家樂(lè)氏、百事和雀巢等食品生產(chǎn)商今年一季度報(bào)告的產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售額都有所上漲。

But even though sales are up, people are buying less.
然而，雖然銷(xiāo)售額上漲了，但人們買(mǎi)的卻更少了。

Growth has been fueled by higher prices, which offset declining volumes.
銷(xiāo)售額上漲源于食品提價(jià)，更高的價(jià)格補(bǔ)償了銷(xiāo)量下降導(dǎo)致的差額。

"If you look at the top-line dollar sales, it is obviously very positive,” said Alastair Steel, an executive for client engagement at market research firm Circana. “But it really is driven by price increases.”
市場(chǎng)調(diào)研機(jī)構(gòu)Circana負(fù)責(zé)接洽客戶(hù)的高管阿拉斯泰爾?斯蒂爾說(shuō)：“如果你看新聞報(bào)道的銷(xiāo)售額，顯然情況非常樂(lè)觀，但實(shí)際上銷(xiāo)售額上漲是因?yàn)閮r(jià)格提高了?！?/p>

For the period ending on May 21, compared to the same period in 2022, sales of fresh eggs by volume fell 4.7%, milk dropped 3.9%, packaged bread fell 3.8%, and fresh root vegetables slid 3.5%, according to Circana, which tracks US retail sales.
Circana追蹤美國(guó)零售銷(xiāo)量的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，從今年年初到5月21日為止，鮮蛋銷(xiāo)量同比下降了4.7%，牛奶銷(xiāo)量下降了3.9%，袋裝面包銷(xiāo)量下降了3.8%，新鮮根莖類(lèi)蔬菜銷(xiāo)量下降了3.5%。

In that time, dollar sales of eggs rose by 41.2%, milk rose by 0.9%, bread jumped 8.5% and fresh root vegetables rose 10.7%.
同一期間，鮮蛋銷(xiāo)售額提高了41.2%，牛奶銷(xiāo)售額提高了0.9%，面包銷(xiāo)售額提高了8.5%，新鮮根莖類(lèi)蔬菜銷(xiāo)售額提高了10.7%。

Steel noted early in the pandemic, when people stopped eating at restaurants and stocked up on pantry staples, unit sales soared.
斯蒂爾指出，在疫情初期，人們不再去餐廳吃飯，并大量囤積主食，當(dāng)時(shí)單位產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售額大幅上漲。

Since then, they’ve been coming down.
自那以后，食品銷(xiāo)售額一直在回落。

Some of that can be attributed to an “unwinding” of that 2020 boom, he noted.
斯蒂爾指出，食品銷(xiāo)售額下降一部分可以歸結(jié)于2020年囤糧高潮的退去。

At that time, people could also use stimulus payments to cover costs. Those who were working from home didn’t have to spend money commuting.
那時(shí)候，人們還可以用新冠經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激補(bǔ)助來(lái)支付家用，而且那些居家辦公的人不用在通勤上花錢(qián)。

Dining in isn’t the only way people are saving.
在家吃飯不是人們省錢(qián)的唯一方式。

Some Americans are trading down by going for cheaper items, or shopping at bargain stores.
有些美國(guó)人為了省錢(qián)而購(gòu)買(mǎi)更便宜的商品，或去特價(jià)商店購(gòu)物。

In the first four months of 2023, food prices went up by 7.7%, with grocery prices rising 7.1% and menu prices increasing 8.6%, according to data from the BLS’ Consumer Price Index.
美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局的消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)顯示，今年年初到4月為止的這段時(shí)間，美國(guó)食品價(jià)格上漲了7.7%，菜價(jià)上漲了7.1%，菜單定價(jià)上漲了8.6%。

Prices overall rose 4.9% throughout the year.
全年食品價(jià)格總體上漲4.9%。

> WHO guideline on sweeteners sparks criticism
代糖到底能減肥嗎？世衛(wèi)組織和熱量控制協(xié)會(huì)吵起來(lái)了……

Sugar substitutes such as stevia, aspartame and sucralose do not help people lose weight in the long run and may instead pose health risks, the World Health Organization has warned.
世界衛(wèi)生組織近期發(fā)布一份關(guān)于非糖甜味劑的新指南警告說(shuō)，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，甜菊糖、阿斯巴甜、三氯蔗糖等代糖無(wú)助于人們減肥，反而可能對(duì)健康構(gòu)成威脅。

A systematic review of the available evidence "suggests use of NSS [non-sugar sweeteners] does not confer any long-term benefit in reducing body fat in adults or children,” the WHO said in a statement.
世界衛(wèi)生組織在一份聲明中說(shuō)，對(duì)現(xiàn)有證據(jù)的系統(tǒng)回顧“表明，使用NSS(非糖甜味劑)對(duì)成人或兒童減少體脂沒(méi)有任何長(zhǎng)期好處”。

“Results of the review also suggest there may be potential undesirable effects from long-term use of NSS, such as an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality in adults,” it added.
“審查的結(jié)果還表明，長(zhǎng)期使用非糖甜味劑可能存在潛在的不良影響，例如增加二型糖尿病、心血管疾病和成人死亡率的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，”它補(bǔ)充說(shuō)。

“People need to consider other ways to reduce free sugars intake, such as consuming food with naturally occurring sugars like fruit, or unsweetened food and beverages,” said Francesco Branca, WHO director for nutrition and food safety.
世衛(wèi)組織營(yíng)養(yǎng)和食品安全司司長(zhǎng)弗朗西斯科?布蘭卡說(shuō):“人們需要考慮其他方法來(lái)減少游離糖的攝入量，例如食用含有天然糖的食物，如水果，或食用不加糖的食品和飲料。”

Artificial sweeteners are “not essential dietary factors and have no nutritional value,” Branca emphasized. “People should reduce the sweetness of the diet altogether, starting early in life, to improve their health."
布蘭卡強(qiáng)調(diào)，人工甜味劑“不是必需的飲食因素，也沒(méi)有營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值”。“為了改善健康，人們應(yīng)該從小開(kāi)始減少飲食中的甜味。”

Formulating recommendations that are not supported by strong scientific evidence is inappropriate and could unnecessarily deter the public from personal choice and potentially beneficial dietary options, according to the Calorie Control Council, a low-calorie food and beverage interest group.
但是文章一出，熱量控制協(xié)會(huì)就坐不住了，根據(jù)熱量控制協(xié)會(huì)的說(shuō)法，在沒(méi)有強(qiáng)有力的科學(xué)證據(jù)支持的情況下制定建議是不合適的，可能會(huì)不必要地阻止公眾做出個(gè)人選擇和潛在有益的飲食選擇。

“The world's most highly regarded health and regulatory agencies have thoroughly reviewed this evidence and have validated the role of these ingredients. Along with exercise and a healthy diet, low- and no-calorie sweeteners are a critical tool that can help consumers manage body weight and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases,” council president Robert Rankin said.
“世界上最受尊敬的衛(wèi)生和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)徹底審查了這些證據(jù)，并證實(shí)了這些成分的作用。除了鍛煉和健康飲食，低卡路里和無(wú)卡路里甜味劑是幫助消費(fèi)者控制體重和降低非傳染性疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)鍵工具，”熱量控制協(xié)會(huì)主席羅伯特?蘭金說(shuō)。

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