據(jù)美國疾控中心最新報告顯示，吸食電子煙的人群日趨低齡化，這一狀況令人擔憂。美國心臟協(xié)會發(fā)出警告，稱電子煙存在健康風險，而其作為剛剛進入市場的新產(chǎn)品，仍需要對其進行進一步研究。

Over 1 in 10 young adults in the United States regularly use e-cigarettes, according to a new report from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
據(jù)美國疾控中心的最新報告顯示，全美超十分之一的年輕人經(jīng)常吸食電子煙。

The study, conducted by the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics, provides a snapshot of e-cigarette use in 2021. Based on data from the National Health Interview Survey, the report identified that e-cigarette use generally declined as family income increased. Adults under 44 were more likely to be dual users of both cigarettes and e-cigarettes.
一份由美國疾控中心的國家衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計中心發(fā)起的研究呈現(xiàn)了2021年美國的電子煙使用情況。據(jù)美國國民健康訪問調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，電子煙的吸食情況與家庭收入成反比。而44歲以下的成年人更有可能是香煙和電子煙的雙重吸食者。

Previous findings from the National Health Interview Survey have shown that cigarette use has fallen to record lows. E-cigarettes, however, have flared in popularity.
此前美國國民健康訪問調(diào)查稱，香煙的吸食情況已經(jīng)降至歷史最低水平。然而電子煙卻開始流行起來。

From 2020 to 2022, e-cigarette sales jumped in the United States, to 22.7 million products sold each month, according to previous CDC research. More brands – particularly of disposable e-cigarette products – entered the market, while fruit and candy flavors that appeal to younger audiences surged in popularity.
據(jù)美疾控中心之前的研究，從2020年到2022年，美國的電子煙銷量增速迅猛，月銷量達到2270萬支。越來越多的品牌進入市場，尤其是一次性的電子煙，而水果味和糖果味的電子煙備受年輕人的青睞。

The new data indicates that a little under 1 in 20 adults reported in 2021 that they were current e-cigarette users, with slightly higher rates among men than women. Young adults, between the ages of 18 and 24, used e-cigarettes the most, with 11% indicating that they actively consumed the products.
新的數(shù)據(jù)表明，2021年，每20個成年人中有不到1位電子煙的使用者，并且男性使用者的比例略高。而處于18至24歲的年輕人是電子煙的最大使用群體，11%的人表示他們積極消費電子煙。

As people got older, the study found, rates of e-cigarette use dropped – but traditional cigarette use steadily climbed. About 11.4% of survey respondents over 45 said they currently smoked cigarettes.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們隨著年齡的增長，對于電子煙的使用率會下降，但是傳統(tǒng)香煙的使用率卻穩(wěn)步上升。在45歲以上的受訪者中，約有11.4%的人表示他們目前吸煙。

For Dr. Joanna Cohen, director of the Institute for Global Tobacco Control at Johns Hopkins University, the young demographic of e-cigarette users is worrying. Young people who have never smoked cigarettes – rather than older cigarette users trying to break the habit – make up the bulk of e-cigarette consumers.
美國約翰霍普金斯大學全球煙草控制研究所主任喬安娜·科恩博士認為，電子煙的用戶群體低齡化令人擔憂。從未吸過煙的年輕人——而非嘗試戒煙的年長煙民——成為電子煙的主要消費群體。

“If e-cigarettes were being used as we would hope, the only people who should use them are those who are using them to quit smoking,” said Cohen, who was not involved with the new research. “You would see very different patterns.”
科恩并未參與這項新的研究，但她表示：“如果電子煙以我們所希望的方式來使用，那么唯一的適用者就是用它們來戒煙的人。這樣你將會看到不同的模式?！?/p>

According to the new report, adults with higher family incomes also used e-cigarettes less, with those making over four times the federal poverty level reporting the lowest e-cigarette use rates.
報告稱，家庭收入較高的成年人會更少吸食電子煙，收入超過聯(lián)邦貧困水平四倍的群體是電子煙使用率最低的群體。

White adults were the most likely to be current e-cigarette users of any racial group, with over double the rates of Black survey respondents.
白人成年人更傾向于吸食電子煙，其比例是黑人受訪者的兩倍多。

“Tobacco companies are masters of targeted marketing as well as manipulation,” Cohen said. “They want to make products that are attractive and appealing to a variety of demographics and ages. They also heavily promote their products … to particularly what we might call vulnerable populations.”

“煙草公司十分擅長目標營銷和市場操縱，”科恩說。“他們想制造有吸引力的產(chǎn)品，吸引各種人口和年齡的人。他們還大力推銷自己的產(chǎn)品，特別是我們所說的弱勢群體?！?/p>

The CDC report arrives days after the American Heart Association released a statement warning of the health risks of e-cigarette use.
美國疾控中心發(fā)布了美國心臟協(xié)會的一份聲明，聲明中警告人們吸食電子煙的健康風險。

The statement sounded an alarm about the harmful properties of ingredients used in e-cigarettes, including nicotine – the addictive chemical in the products – and flavoring agents. It notes that those compounds have been shown to carry risks for heart and lung disease in animal studies and that they could pose “dangerous health risks” in humans.
該聲明對電子煙中所含成分的有害性發(fā)出警告，包括具有成癮性的尼古丁和調(diào)味劑。聲明指出，在動物研究中，這些物質(zhì)已被證實存在引發(fā)心臟及肺部疾病的風險，并可能對人類健康構(gòu)成威脅。

“There is research indicating that nicotine-containing e-cigarettes are associated with acute changes in several hemodynamic measures, including increases in blood pressure and heart rate,” Dr. Jason J. Rose, chair of the American Heart Association’s scientific statement writing committee and an associate professor of medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, said in a news release.
美國心臟協(xié)會科學聲明撰寫委員會主席、馬里蘭大學醫(yī)學院醫(yī)學副教授杰森·J·羅斯博士在新聞發(fā)布會上表示：“研究表明，含有尼古丁的電子煙與幾種血液動力學指標的急性變化有關(guān)，包括血壓以及心率的升高。”

The group also warned that e-cigarette products can contain other substances, including THC, the psychoactive chemical in cannabis, methamphetamine, methadone and vitamins.
該組織還警告說，電子煙產(chǎn)品可能含有其他物質(zhì)，包括大麻中的精神活性化學物質(zhì)四氫大麻酚、甲基苯丙胺、美沙酮和維生素。

According to the statement, comprehensive research on e-cigarettes is limited, but some studies have linked use to the development of respiratory diseases like asthma, emphysema and COPD.
據(jù)該聲明稱，對于電子煙的全面研究依然有限，但一些研究已經(jīng)表明吸食電子煙可能會引發(fā)哮喘、肺氣腫和慢性阻塞性肺病。

The American Heart Association recommended further research on the long-term consequences of e-cigarettes on the heart, blood vessels and lungs.
美國心臟協(xié)會建議進一步研究電子煙對心臟、血管以及肺部的長期影響。

“The long-term risks of using e-cigarettes are unknown, but if the risks of chronic use are like combustible cigarettes … we may not observe them for decades,” Rose said. “It is necessary for us to expand this type of research since the adoption of e-cigarettes has grown exponentially.”
羅斯說：“吸食電子煙的長期風險尚不清楚，但如果這種風險像傳統(tǒng)香煙一樣……那我們可能幾十年都無法觀察到。由于電子煙的吸食量呈指數(shù)式增長，我們有必要擴大這類研究?！?/p>

However, research on e-cigarettes can pose challenges. Unlike traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes have been on the market for only about 15 years, and the types of products consumers prefer change frequently. According to Cohen, a lot of research focuses on e-cigarettes that were popular about five years ago, which are different from those preferred now.
然而，對于電子煙的研究可能會面臨挑戰(zhàn)。與傳統(tǒng)的香煙不同，電子煙進入市場只有15年左右的時間，并且消費者所喜歡的產(chǎn)品種類也在不斷地變化。據(jù)科恩的說法，許多研究都集中在大約五年前所流行的電子煙上，而那些電子煙已經(jīng)與現(xiàn)在所受歡迎的電子煙不同了。

Given the limited body of evidence, the American Heart Association does not recommend e-cigarettes as a tool to quit smoking, it said in the statement. Neither the US Food and Drug Administration nor any international regulatory agency has approved e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.
美國心臟協(xié)會在聲明中表示，鑒于證據(jù)有限，該協(xié)會不建議將電子煙作為戒煙工具。美國食藥監(jiān)局和任何國際監(jiān)管機構(gòu)也都沒有批準電子煙用于戒煙。

編輯：董靜，李一凡（實習）
來源：CNN