> Groundwater levels are rapidly declining around the world
全球地下水正在加速枯竭 71%的含水層系統(tǒng)水位下降

Many parts of the world are experiencing a rapid depletion in the subterranean reserves of water that billions of people rely on for drinking, irrigation and other uses, according to new research that analyzed millions of groundwater level measurements from 170,000 wells in more than 40 countries.
新研究顯示，全球許多地區(qū)的地下水正在快速枯竭。地下水是數(shù)十億人賴以飲用、灌溉和供應(yīng)其他用途的水源。這項(xiàng)研究對40多個國家的17萬口井中測得的數(shù)百萬個地下水位數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。

It’s the first study to piece together what’s happening to groundwater levels at a global scale, according to the researchers involved, and will help scientists better understand what impact humans are having on this valuable underground resource, either through overuse or indirectly by changes in rainfall linked to climate change.
研究人員指出，這是首個展現(xiàn)全球地下水位現(xiàn)狀的研究，有助于科學(xué)家更好地了解人類對這一寶貴的地下資源產(chǎn)生的影響。地下水減少一方面是由于人類濫用地下水，另一方面是由氣候變化引起的降雨量減少間接導(dǎo)致。

Groundwater, contained within cracks and pores in permeable bodies of rock known as aquifers, is a lifeline especially for people in parts of the world where rainfall and surface water are scarce, such as northwest India and the southwest United States.
儲存在可滲透的巖體中的裂縫和氣孔（也就是所謂的含水層）中的地下水是雨水和地表水稀缺地區(qū)（比如印度西北部和美國西南部）居民的生命線。

Reductions in groundwater can make it harder for people to access freshwater to drink or to irrigate crops and can result in land subsidence.
地下水的減少讓人們更難以獲得可飲用或灌溉的淡水，并可能導(dǎo)致地面沉降。

The authors found that groundwater levels declined between year 2000 and 2022 in 71% of the 1,693 aquifer systems included in the research, with groundwater levels declining more than 0.1 meter a year in 36%, or 617, of them.
研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，2000年至2022年間研究涵蓋的1693個含水層系統(tǒng)有71%出現(xiàn)水位下降，其中36%（617個）的地下水位每年下降超0.1米。

The Ascoy-Soplamo Aquifer in Spain had the fastest rate of decline in the data they compiled — a median decline of 2.95 meters per year, said study coauthor Scott Jasechko, an associate professor at the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management at University of California Santa Barbara.
研究報告的合著者、加州大學(xué)圣塔芭芭拉分校布倫環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理學(xué)院副教授斯科特?杰斯克可指出，根據(jù)研究人員編纂的數(shù)據(jù)，西班牙的Ascoy-Soplamo含水層水位下降最快，每年下降的中位數(shù)為2.95米。

Several aquifer systems in Iran were among those with the fastest rate of groundwater decline, he added.
他補(bǔ)充道，伊朗的幾個含水層系統(tǒng)也是地下水枯竭最快的。

The team wasn’t able to gather data from much of Africa, South America and southeast Asia because of a lack of monitoring, but Jasechko said the study included the countries where most global groundwater pumping takes place.
由于監(jiān)測不足，該團(tuán)隊(duì)無法收集到非洲、南美洲和東南亞大部分地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)，但是杰斯克可表示，研究涵蓋了全球大多數(shù)開采地下水的國家。

> Industrial profits continue to improve in December
2023年工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤保持恢復(fù)態(tài)勢

Profits at China's industrial firms have extended gains for a fifth consecutive month in December, in a further sign of economic upswing.
12月，中國工業(yè)企業(yè)利潤連續(xù)5個月實(shí)現(xiàn)正增長，進(jìn)一步表明我國經(jīng)濟(jì)正在回升向好。

Data from the National Bureau of Statistics showed on Saturday that industrial enterprises with annual revenue of at least 20 million yuan ($2.8 million) saw their total profits increase 16.8 percent year-on-year in December after a 29.5 percent rise in November.
中國國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局1月27日公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，12月份，中國全國規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)（年主營業(yè)務(wù)收入在2000萬元以上的工業(yè)企業(yè)）利潤總額同比增長16.8%，11月同比增長29.5%。

In 2023, firms of industrial firms fell 2.3 percent year-on-year to 7.69 trillion yuan, narrowing from the 4.4 percent drop in the first 11 months, the bureau said.
國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)去年全年實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤總額7.69萬億元，比上年下降2.3%，降幅比1至11月份的4.4%收窄。

NBS statistician Yu Weining said the data point to a continued recovery trend in industrial profits, adding that more efforts should be made to consolidate the recovery trend and the promotion of high-quality development of the industry.
國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局工業(yè)司統(tǒng)計(jì)師于衛(wèi)寧表示，數(shù)據(jù)表明規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)效益持續(xù)恢復(fù)，應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步鞏固復(fù)蘇勢頭，推動工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

Among the 41 major industrial sectors surveyed, 27 saw year-on-year growth in their profits in 2023.
2023年，在調(diào)查涵蓋的41個工業(yè)大類行業(yè)中，有27個行業(yè)利潤比上年增長。

Last year, profits recorded by industrial firms that offer supplies of electricity, heat, gas and water grew by 54.7 percent year-on-year, up from the 47.3 percent rise in the first 11 months.
2023年，規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)電力、熱力、燃?xì)饧八a(chǎn)和供應(yīng)業(yè)利潤比上年增長54.7%，漲幅相比1至11月份的47.3%進(jìn)一步上升。

Meanwhile, profits recorded by mining firms and manufacturing companies shrank 19.7 percent and 2 percent, respectively, compared to the 18.3 percent and 4.7 percent contraction in the first 11 months.
2023年，采礦業(yè)和制造業(yè)利潤分別比上年下降19.7%和2.0%，相比之下，1至11月份采礦業(yè)和制造業(yè)利潤同比分別下降18.3%和4.7%。

Notably, profits at equipment manufacturing enterprises rose by 4.1 percent last year, up from the 2.8 percent rise in the first 11 months, NBS data showed.
值得注意的是，國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)顯示，2023年裝備制造業(yè)利潤同比增長4.1%，漲幅相比1至11月份的2.8%進(jìn)一步上升。

According to a breakdown of the NBS data, State-owned firms saw earnings fall 3.4 percent year-on-year last year. Foreign firms booked a 6.7 percent decline and private-sector companies recorded a 2 percent growth.
對國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的分析顯示，2023年，規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)中，國有控股企業(yè)利潤同比下降3.4%，外商及港澳臺商投資企業(yè)利潤同比下降6.7%，私營企業(yè)利潤同比增長2.0%。

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