美國(guó)皮尤研究中心近日發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于美國(guó)種族歧視話題的研究引發(fā)了爭(zhēng)議。該研究稱，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)美國(guó)黑人相信“種族陰謀論”，認(rèn)為美國(guó)政府在刻意打壓黑人群體。皮尤將“種族陰謀論”定義為“黑人成年人根據(jù)他們個(gè)人和集體的種族歧視歷史經(jīng)歷對(duì)美國(guó)政府機(jī)構(gòu)行為產(chǎn)生的懷疑。”

批評(píng)人士指出，美國(guó)黑人批評(píng)質(zhì)疑美國(guó)制度的公平性并認(rèn)為他們?cè)獾娇桃獯驂菏怯欣碛袚?jù)的，當(dāng)種種歷史證據(jù)擺在眼前時(shí)，將這種質(zhì)疑稱為“陰謀論”似乎欠妥，因?yàn)殛幹\是真實(shí)存在。

羅格斯大學(xué)傳播與信息學(xué)院講師、記者兼評(píng)論員戴維·A·洛夫在“美國(guó)在線”網(wǎng)站發(fā)表評(píng)論文章稱，美國(guó)黑人應(yīng)該抨擊美國(guó)的制度，并有理由認(rèn)為該制度阻礙了黑人的發(fā)展，他在文中列舉了美國(guó)的種族歧視“數(shù)宗罪”。文章內(nèi)容摘編如下：

There is a long list of reasons why Black Americans should be critical and suspicious of American institutions and believe the system is set up against them. Where do we begin, and do you have the time?

為什么美國(guó)黑人應(yīng)該對(duì)美國(guó)的制度持批評(píng)和懷疑態(tài)度，并認(rèn)為這個(gè)制度是針對(duì)他們的，原因有很多。我們從哪里開始，你有時(shí)間聽嗎？

The trans-Atlantic slave trade, the reason many of us are here, is a prime example. The slave trade was most certainly a conspiracy by white elites to get paid through mass kidnap, trafficking, rape, torture and forced labor.

黑人奴隸貿(mào)易就是一個(gè)典型的例子，這也是我們?cè)S多人來到這里的原因。奴隸貿(mào)易無疑是白人精英通過大規(guī)模綁架、販賣、強(qiáng)奸、酷刑和強(qiáng)迫勞工謀取利益的陰謀。

In South Carolina — where over 40% of enslaved Africans entered America through the port of Charleston, and where my family has remained for over 300 years — the state department of education has eliminated the teaching of Advanced Placement African American Studies in high school. This move follows a trend across the country by white nationalists to criminalize or otherwise ban Black knowledge, history and books. Hide the evidence of the crime, and you silence the calls for justice and reparations or at least make the best effort to shut it down.

在南卡羅來納州，40%以上的非洲奴隸通過查爾斯頓港進(jìn)入美國(guó)，我的家族也在這里生活了300多年，州教育部取消了高中非裔美國(guó)人研究的進(jìn)階課程。此舉遵循了全美各地白人民族主義者將黑人知識(shí)、歷史和書籍定為犯罪或以其他方式加以禁止的趨勢(shì)。隱藏犯罪證據(jù)，就能壓制要求伸張正義和賠償?shù)暮袈?，或至少盡最大努力將其封殺。

White supremacy and institutional racism have always involved regulating what and whether Black people can read and controlling the voting rights of Black people. That’s a conspiracy. Nearly 60 years since the passage of the Civil Rights Act, voting rights for Black people are under assault by red states, the Supreme Court and white nationalist lawmakers in the so-called land of the free. Voter suppression, disenfranchisement and purging of voter rolls are the name of the game, as Congress refused to pass The John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act, legislation that would have restored the protections of the Voting Rights Act.

白人至上主義和制度性種族主義一直都在管束黑人能讀什么書、能不能讀書，以及控制黑人的投票權(quán)。這是一個(gè)陰謀。美國(guó)《民權(quán)法》通過近60年來，在所謂的自由之地，黑人的投票權(quán)一直受到紅州、最高法院和白人民族主義立法者的攻擊。他們玩著選民壓制、剝奪選舉權(quán)和清除選民名冊(cè)的把戲，國(guó)會(huì)拒絕通過《約翰·劉易斯投票權(quán)促進(jìn)法案》，該法案本可以恢復(fù)《投票權(quán)法案》的保護(hù)。

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study — a conspiracy and not a conspiracy theory by the federal government to withhold treatment to hundreds of Black men with syphilis and allow them to suffer in pain and even die — is an example of a long history of unethical medical testing on the Black community. Medical racism is real, from the gynecological experiments performed on enslaved Black women without anesthesia, to the present-day conspiracy that makes Black families suffer from the highest maternal mortality and infant mortality rates in America.

塔斯基吉梅毒研究是一個(gè)針對(duì)黑人的陰謀，而非所謂的“陰謀論”。聯(lián)邦政府阻止數(shù)百名患有梅毒的黑人男子接受治療，讓他們?cè)馐芡纯嗌踔了劳?，這也是美國(guó)對(duì)黑人群體長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)行不道德醫(yī)學(xué)試驗(yàn)的一個(gè)例子。從在沒有麻醉的情況下對(duì)女性黑人奴隸進(jìn)行婦科實(shí)驗(yàn)，到如今使黑人家庭遭受美國(guó)最高的孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率和嬰兒死亡率之苦的陰謀，醫(yī)學(xué)種族主義是真實(shí)存在的。

And let us not forget the ongoing government conspiracy to shortchange land-grant HBCUs by billions of dollars compared to their white college counterparts over 150 years.

不要忘記，150多年來，美國(guó)政府一直在密謀減少贈(zèng)地傳統(tǒng)非裔大學(xué)的土地補(bǔ)助金，與白人大學(xué)相比要少數(shù)十億美元。

Remember, these racial disparities in education are not conspiracy theories because the conspiracy is real. And these crucial Black institutions and their students are struggling in the process. Black Americans do not need a report to tell them this.

記住，這些教育中的種族差異不是“陰謀論”，因?yàn)殛幹\是真實(shí)存在的。這些至關(guān)重要的黑人機(jī)構(gòu)及其學(xué)生在這一過程中舉步維艱。美國(guó)黑人不需要報(bào)告來告訴他們這一點(diǎn)。

“To be a Negro in this country and to be relatively conscious is to be in a state of rage almost, almost all of the time — and in one’s work,” James Baldwin said. “And part of the rage is this: It isn’t only what is happening to you. But it’s what’s happening all around you and all of the time in the face of the most extraordinary and criminal indifference, indifference of most white people in this country, and their ignorance.”

詹姆斯·鮑德溫說：“在這個(gè)國(guó)家，作為一個(gè)黑人，如果有相對(duì)清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)，就會(huì)幾乎時(shí)時(shí)刻刻都處于憤怒之中——在工作中亦是如此。”憤怒的一部分原因是：這不僅僅是發(fā)生在你身上的事情，而是發(fā)生在你周圍的事情，而且是面對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家大多數(shù)白人的漠不關(guān)心和他們的無知而無時(shí)無刻不在發(fā)生的事情。

And when Black people march and protest to change the institutions that oppress them — as they did during the George Floyd summer of 2020 — the response is kneeling Congressmembers in kente stoles and empty corporate promises, followed by a return to the 1950s racial hierarchy, the defunding of DEI programs, no venture capital for Black women-owned businesses and more police.

而當(dāng)黑人為了改變壓迫他們的體制而游行抗議時(shí)——就像他們?cè)?020年喬治·弗洛伊德之夏所做的那樣——得到的回應(yīng)卻是國(guó)會(huì)議員身著非洲服飾下跪和空洞的共同承諾，緊接著就是回到上世紀(jì) 50 年代的種族等級(jí)制度、取消“多樣性、平等與包容雇傭計(jì)劃”（DEI）資助、拒絕為黑人女性創(chuàng)立的企業(yè)提供風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資以及更多的警察。

While Pew has published many outstanding reports, no one asked for a study to inform us that Black Americans believe in racial conspiracy theories that undermine us, much less a report that insults our intelligence and suggests it’s all in our heads and we’re making up all this stuff.

雖然皮尤研究中心發(fā)布了許多出色的報(bào)告，但沒有人要求該機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究，并告訴我們，美國(guó)黑人相信打壓黑人的“種族陰謀論”，更不用說一份侮辱黑人智商并暗示這一切都是黑人在“腦補(bǔ)”的報(bào)告了。

英文來源：美國(guó)在線

編輯：董靜

審校：陳丹妮 萬月英