一項(xiàng)新研究表明，食用過多超加工食品可能會(huì)縮短壽命。

Eating higher levels of ultraprocessed food may shorten lifespans by more than 10%, according to a new, unpublished study of over 500,000 people whom researchers followed for nearly three decades.
研究人員對(duì)50多萬人進(jìn)行了近30年的跟蹤調(diào)查，這項(xiàng)尚未發(fā)表的新研究結(jié)果顯示，多吃超加工食品可能會(huì)縮短10%以上的壽命。

Asked about their consumption of 124 foods, people in the top 90th percentile of ultraprocessed food consumption said overly processed drinks topped their list.
當(dāng)被問及124種食物的消費(fèi)量時(shí)，超加工食品消費(fèi)量排名前90%的人表示，過度加工的飲料是他們的首選。

“This is one more large, long-duration cohort study confirming the association between UPF (ultraprocessed food) intake and all-cause mortality, particularly from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes,” said Carlos Monteiro, emeritus professor of nutrition and public health at Brazil’s University of S?o Paulo, in an email.
巴西圣保羅大學(xué)營(yíng)養(yǎng)與公共衛(wèi)生名譽(yù)教授卡洛斯·蒙泰羅在一封電子郵件中說:“這是一項(xiàng)更大規(guī)模、更長(zhǎng)期的群體研究，證實(shí)了超加工食品攝入與全因死亡率之間的聯(lián)系，尤其是心血管疾病和2型糖尿病?！?/p>

Monteiro coined the term ultraprocessed food and created the NOVA food classification system, which looks beyond nutrients to how foods are made.
蒙泰羅創(chuàng)造了“超加工食品”一詞，并創(chuàng)建了NOVA食品分類系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)不僅關(guān)注營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分，還關(guān)注食品的制作過程。

The NOVA classification system sorts foods from unprocessed or minimally processed — whole foods such as fruits and vegetables — to ultraprocessed foods such as deli meat and sausage. Ultraprocessed foods contain ingredients “never or rarely used in kitchens, or classes of additives whose function is to make the final product palatable or more appealing,” according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
NOVA分類系統(tǒng)將食物從未加工或最低限度加工的食物（如水果和蔬菜等）到超加工食品（如熟食肉和香腸）進(jìn)行分類。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織的說法，超加工食品含有“從未或很少在廚房中使用的成分，或各種添加劑，其作用是使最終產(chǎn)品更美味或更具吸引力”。

Health risks linked to processed meats and soft drinks
加工肉類和軟飲料對(duì)健康的危害

Researchers linked the dietary data to death rates over the next 20 to 30 years. Compared with those in the bottom 10% of ultraprocessed food consumption, people who ate the most overly processed food were more likely to die from heart disease or diabetes, according to the study. Unlike other studies, however, researchers found no rise in cancer-related death.
研究人員將飲食數(shù)據(jù)與未來20到30年的死亡率聯(lián)系起來。根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，與超加工食品消費(fèi)量最低的10%的人相比，食用過度加工食品的人更有可能死于心臟病或糖尿病。然而，與其他研究不同的是，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)與癌癥有關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)并沒有上升。

Diet drinks are considered ultraprocessed food because they contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame potassium and stevia, and additional additives not found in whole foods. Diet beverages have been linked to a higher risk of dying early from cardiovascular disease as well as the onset of dementia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, stroke and metabolic syndrome, which can lead to heart disease and diabetes.
無糖飲料被認(rèn)為是超加工食品，因?yàn)樗鼈兒腥嗽焯鹞秳?，如阿斯巴甜、安賽蜜鉀和甜菊糖，以及天然食品中沒有的其他添加劑。它會(huì)增加患心血管疾病、癡呆、2型糖尿病、肥胖、中風(fēng)和代謝綜合征的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而這些疾病會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病和糖尿病。

Processed meats such as bacon, hot dogs, sausages, ham, corned beef, jerky and deli meats are also not recommended; studies have linked red and processed meats to bowel and stomach cancers, heart disease, diabetes and early death from any cause.
加工肉類，如培根、熱狗、香腸、火腿、腌牛肉、肉干和熟食也不建議食用；研究還指出，紅肉和加工肉類與腸癌、胃癌、心臟病、糖尿病以及任何原因?qū)е碌倪^早死亡有關(guān)。

The study found that people who consumed the most ultraprocessed food were younger and heavier, and had an overall poorer quality of diet than those who ate fewer ultraprocessed foods. However, the increased health risk could not be explained by these differences, because even people with normal weight and better diets were also at some risk for early death from ultraprocessed foods, the study found.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與那些食用超加工食品較少的人相比，食用超加工食品最多的人更年輕、更胖，而且總體飲食質(zhì)量更差。然而，這些差異并不能解釋健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的增加，因?yàn)榧词故求w重正常、飲食較好的人，也有可能因食用超標(biāo)加工食品而過早死亡。

Ultraprocessed food manufacturing has exploded since the mid-1990s, however, with estimates that as nearly 60% of the average American’s daily calories come from ultraprocessed foods.
然而，自20世紀(jì)90年代中期以來，超加工食品的生產(chǎn)呈爆炸式增長(zhǎng)，據(jù)估計(jì)，美國(guó)人平均每天攝入的卡路里中有近60%來自超加工食品。

In fact, a study published in May that found similar results — a higher risk of premature death and death from cardiovascular disease in over 100,000 health professionals who ate ultraprocessed foods — accessed ultraprocessed food intake every four years and found consumption doubled between the mid-1980s and 2018.
事實(shí)上，今年5月發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)了類似的結(jié)果——在超過10萬名健康專業(yè)人士中，食用超加工產(chǎn)品的人過早死亡和死于心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高——這項(xiàng)研究每四年統(tǒng)計(jì)一次超加工食品攝入量，發(fā)現(xiàn)從20世紀(jì)80年代中期到2018年，超加工食品的消費(fèi)量翻了一番。

英文來源：CNN
編譯：?合麗婭·?提尼亞孜
審校：韓鶴、馬芮