> Anger does a lot more damage to your body than you realize
憤怒對身體的傷害遠(yuǎn)超你想象

Anger is bad for your health in more ways than you think.
憤怒會損害你的健康，而且危害程度超出你的想象。

Getting angry doesn’t just hurt our mental health, it’s also damaging to our hearts, brains and gastrointestinal systems, according to doctors and recent research.
醫(yī)生和最近的研究都指出，憤怒不僅會影響心理健康，還會傷害心臟、大腦和腸胃系統(tǒng)。

Of course, it’s a normal emotion that everyone feels—few of us stay serene when a driver cuts us off or a boss makes us stay late.
當(dāng)然，憤怒是一種人人都會有的正常情緒，當(dāng)司機(jī)強(qiáng)行超車或者老板讓我們加班的時(shí)候，很少有人能保持完全的平靜。

But getting mad too often or for too long can cause problems.
但是，經(jīng)常發(fā)火或者生氣的時(shí)間太長都會帶來健康問題。

There are ways to keep your anger from doing too much damage.
有很多方法可以控制憤怒，避免它對你造成太大傷害。

Techniques like meditation can help, as can learning to express your anger in healthier ways.
冥想之類的放松技巧可以起到幫助，學(xué)會更健康地表達(dá)憤怒情緒也很重要。

One recent study looked at anger’s effects on the heart.
最近的一項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了憤怒對心臟的影響。

It found that anger can raise the risk of heart attacks because it impairs the functioning of blood vessels, according to a May study in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，憤怒會增加心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗鼤p害血管的功能。該研究發(fā)表在5月份的《美國心臟病學(xué)會雜志》上。

Researchers examined the impact of three different emotions on the heart: anger, anxiety and sadness.
研究人員檢測了三種不同情緒（憤怒、焦慮和悲傷）對心臟的影響。

One participant group did a task that made them angry, another did a task that made them anxious, while a third did an exercise designed to induce sadness.
參與者被分成三組，分別執(zhí)行會誘發(fā)憤怒、焦慮和悲傷情緒的任務(wù)。

The scientists then tested the functioning of the blood vessels in each participant, using a blood pressure cuff to squeeze and release the blood flow in the arm.
然后，科學(xué)家用血壓計(jì)通過擠壓和釋放手臂的血流來測量每位參與者的血管功能。

Those in the angry group had worse blood flow than those in the others; their blood vessels didn’t dilate as much.
結(jié)果顯示，憤怒組的血液流動比其他兩組更差，他們的血管擴(kuò)張力更差。

"We speculate over time if you’re getting these chronic insults to your arteries because you get angry a lot, that will leave you at risk for having heart disease,” says Dr. Daichi Shimbo, a professor of medicine at Columbia University and lead author of the study.
該研究的主要作者、哥倫比亞大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)教授新保大地（音譯）博士推測：“如果經(jīng)常生氣，導(dǎo)致血管長期受損，就會增加患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?/p>

Doctors are also gaining a better understanding of how anger affects your GI system.
醫(yī)生們也逐漸了解了憤怒如何影響腸胃系統(tǒng)。

When someone becomes angry, the body produces numerous proteins and hormones that increase inflammation in the body.
人生氣時(shí)，身體會產(chǎn)生大量的蛋白質(zhì)和激素，增加體內(nèi)的炎癥。

Chronic inflammation can raise your risk of many diseases.
慢性炎癥會增加患許多疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

The body’s sympathetic nervous system—or “fight or flight” system—is also activated, which shunts blood away from the gut to major muscles, says Stephen Lupe, director of behavioral medicine at the Cleveland Clinic’s department of gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition.
克利夫蘭診所胃腸病科、肝病科和營養(yǎng)科的行為醫(yī)學(xué)主任斯蒂芬?盧皮解釋說，憤怒會激活身體的交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，也就是“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”系統(tǒng)，這會導(dǎo)致血液從腸道流向主要肌肉。

This slows down movement in the GI tract, which can lead to problems like constipation.
這會減緩胃腸道的運(yùn)動，從而導(dǎo)致便秘等問題。

In addition, the space in between cells in the lining of the intestines opens up, which allows more food and waste to go in those gaps, creating more inflammation that can fuel symptoms such as stomach pain, bloating or constipation.
此外，腸道內(nèi)襯細(xì)胞之間的間隙會擴(kuò)大，允許更多的食物和廢物進(jìn)入這些間隙，從而產(chǎn)生更多的炎癥，并引發(fā)胃痛、腹脹或便秘等癥狀。

Anger can harm our cognitive functioning, says Joyce Tam, an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. 
芝加哥拉什大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心精神病學(xué)和行為科學(xué)助理教授喬伊斯?塔姆說，憤怒會損害我們的認(rèn)知功能。

It involves the nerve cells in the prefrontal cortex, the front area of our brain that can affect attention, cognitive control and our ability to regulate emotions.
它會影響大腦前額葉的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞，前額葉是大腦的前面區(qū)域，負(fù)責(zé)注意力、認(rèn)知控制和調(diào)節(jié)情緒的能力。

Anger can trigger the body to release stress hormones into the bloodstream.
塔姆博士說，憤怒會促使身體向血液中釋放壓力荷爾蒙。

High levels of stress hormones can damage nerve cells in the brain’s prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, says Tam.
高水平的壓力荷爾蒙會損害大腦前額葉和海馬體的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞。

Damage in the prefrontal cortex can affect decision-making, attention and executive function, she adds.
她補(bǔ)充說，前額葉受損會影響決策能力、注意力和執(zhí)行功能。

The hippocampus, meanwhile, is the main part of the brain used in memory. So when neurons are damaged, that can disrupt the ability to learn and retain information, says Tam.
海馬體是大腦中主要負(fù)責(zé)記憶的部分，因此神經(jīng)元受損會破壞學(xué)習(xí)和保留信息的能力。

> Word of the day丨a resolution on enhancing international cooperation for AI capacity building
每日一詞|加強(qiáng)人工智能能力建設(shè)國際合作決議

The 78th UN General Assembly reached a consensus by adopting a resolution spearheaded by China on enhancing international cooperation for artificial intelligence (AI) capacity building, with over 140 countries saying yes.
第78屆聯(lián)合國大會協(xié)商一致通過中國主提的加強(qiáng)人工智能能力建設(shè)國際合作決議，140多國參加決議聯(lián)署。

【知識點(diǎn)】
中國提出的加強(qiáng)人工智能能力建設(shè)國際合作決議強(qiáng)調(diào)人工智能發(fā)展應(yīng)堅(jiān)持以人為本、智能向善、造福人類的原則，鼓勵(lì)通過國際合作和實(shí)際行動幫助各國特別是發(fā)展中國家加強(qiáng)人工智能能力建設(shè)，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展中國家在人工智能全球治理中的代表性和發(fā)言權(quán)，倡導(dǎo)開放、公平、非歧視的商業(yè)環(huán)境，支持聯(lián)合國在國際合作中發(fā)揮中心作用，實(shí)現(xiàn)人工智能包容普惠可持續(xù)發(fā)展，助力實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程。

2023年10月，中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人宣布提出《全球人工智能治理倡議》，為全球人工智能發(fā)展與治理指明了方向。該決議作為聯(lián)合國首份關(guān)于人工智能能力建設(shè)國際合作的決議，充分反映了《全球人工智能治理倡議》和全球發(fā)展倡議的核心要義，順應(yīng)了廣大會員國特別是發(fā)展中國家的熱切期待，體現(xiàn)了對多邊主義和聯(lián)合國的積極支持，是在聯(lián)合國平臺踐行人類命運(yùn)共同體理念的又一重大舉措。

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