| 1992年12月3日，全球第一條手機短信誕生。這條短信的接收者是理查德?賈維斯，當時他正在英格蘭紐伯雷Vodafone通訊公司總部參加一個預祝圣誕節(jié)的舞會。當時的手機還沒有輸入和發(fā)送英文字母的功能，但是年僅22歲的工程師帕普沃斯通過電腦鍵盤向賈維斯發(fā)出了人類歷史上第一條手機短信。 |
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Neil Papworth, an engineer, sent the world's first text message 15 years ago. [Agencies]
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"Merry Christmas" may not be the most original greeting in the world, Neil Papworth admits today, but as he was about to send the world's first text message to a cellphone, it struck him as fittingly festive, certainly more so than "Mr. Watson, come here," the first words spoken over the telephone.
Besides, Richard Jarvis, the man at the receiving end of the transmission, was at a Christmas party near Vodafone headquarters in Newbury, England, when the mother of all text messages was about to land 15 years ago this week.
Since cellphones were not yet designed to type out and send individual letters of the alphabet, Papworth, then a 22-year-old engineer, sent his historic greeting to Jarvis's phone from a computer keyboard.
It took another couple of years before cellphones were made to send text easily, more time to work out billing deals and systems among phone companies - and then just a short while more before teenagers discovered them.
The rest, as they say, is history.
Today, billions of text messages fly through the airwaves every day, and they are a bedrock of revenue and profit for the world's telecommunications companies. They have inspired their own shorthand in languages written around the world; some relationships live and die on the strength of the 160-character, thumb-typed phone texts.
Though textos still convey holiday greetings - New Year's is the busiest texting day of the year - they also are used to vote for politicians and celebrities, play trivia games and enter quiz shows, buy rugby and concert tickets, organize rallies and turn out the opposition, alert travelers to transportation delays, warn groups of people of weather and other emergency situations, advertise products and services, lend money and let you know if your bank account is overdrawn.
"It is a cultural phenomenon," said Mike Short, chairman of the Mobile Data Association in England, where the number of text messages sent each week just passed one billion, about 25 percent higher than a year earlier.
Few experts could come up with a recent, reliable figure for the number of total texts sent in the course of a year; Short ballparked it at two trillion to three trillion. Yet communications experts are divided about whether the lowly text message will survive another 15 years.
Various alternative phone messaging systems that demand more technology - like the chatty back-and-forth of instant messaging, the wish-you-were-here quality of photo messages, or e-mail messages transmitted via the Internet - are waiting in the wings to overtake the SMS, the technical term for the industry's "short message service."
The cost and complexity of the newer rivals have so far held them back. For any system to take off, it needs to work seamlessly across the networks of all of the scores of mobile carriers around the world, a time-consuming process of bilateral negotiations that delayed the boom in texting until years after its creation.
In December 1992, just sending "Merry Christmas" to a single phone was complex. For its time, when cellphones themselves were still a novelty, the text message sent to the Vodafone engineers "was quite a feat," Short said.
Jarvis and the teams at the predecessor companies of Vodafone and Airwide Solutions, where Papworth works, intended their text experiments as an enhancement for pagers, the popular communications gadget of the day for executives.
Brennan Hayden, who was an engineer in the 1990s for an Irish wireless company, Aldiscon, which invested in text messaging, said few people in telecommunications believed at the time that it would take off as a communications medium of its own.
"They said people would never use it, they wouldn't be bothered to type messages on a phone," said Hayden, now with WirelessDeveloper Agency in Michigan.
"I always believed in it," he said. "I believed it could actually be a force to change the world."
In June 1993, Hayden sent the first commercial text message in Los Angeles. His SMS, meant to signify the birth of a new form of communications, was "burp."
Jay Seaton, chief marketing officer at Airwide, believes the messaging types are "not mutually exclusive" and that people will use the kind that works for them. In western nations, for instance, texting is favored by the young.
"The industry is still struggling to find new services that are anywhere near as popular and profitable," said John Delaney, principal analyst at Ovum, who attended an anniversary party that Airwide held in London. "SMS is simple, ubiquitous, easy to use and cost-effective.
The most recent up-and-coming threat is messaging that uses the language and programming of the Internet. Just as voice calls can be made from personal computers, texts can be sent from personal computers to mobile phones as well, and Internet companies like Yahoo, along with college student start-ups, are introducing ways of undercutting the mobile carriers' prices.
(Agencies)
（英語點津 Celene 編輯）
