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加拿大全球健康研究中心的一個(gè)研究小組近日發(fā)表的研究報(bào)告稱，在過去30年間，印度有1200萬女性胎兒被流產(chǎn)，而這些胎兒所在的多數(shù)為受過良好教育且較為富有的家庭，因?yàn)樗麄兞私獬暡夹g(shù)而且有能力支付手術(shù)費(fèi)用。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性胎兒被流產(chǎn)多發(fā)生在頭胎為女孩的家庭，2005年，這些家庭中二胎男女比例為1000：836，而在1990年，這個(gè)比例還是1000：906。研究人員還警告說，越來越多的婦女選擇只生一個(gè)孩子，而重男輕女的思想在印度又根深蒂固，這樣頭胎女孩被流產(chǎn)的幾率在未來有可能會(huì)增加。
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?Up to 12 million girls were aborted over the last three decades in India by parents that tended to be richer and more educated, a large study in India found. |
Up to 12 million girls were aborted over the last three decades in India by parents that tended to be richer and more educated, a large study in India found, and researchers warned that the figure could rise with falling fertility rates.
The missing daughters occurred mostly in families which already had a first born daughter. Although the preference for boys runs across Indian society, the abortions were more likely to be carried out by educated parents who were aware of ultrasound technology and who could afford abortions.
"The number of girls being aborted is increasing and may have reached 12 million with the lower estimate of 4 million over the last three decades," said lead author Professor Prabhat Jha at the Center for Global Health Research in Toronto, Canada.
"The logic is families are saying if Nature gives us a first boy, then we don't do anything. But if Nature gives a first girl then perhaps we would consider ultrasound testing and selective abortion for the subsequent children," he told Reuters in a telephone interview on Tuesday.
Jha said the preference for boys in Indian society remains firmly in place and the reason why abortions of female fetuses were occurring more among richer and educated parents was because they could afford to do so.
"The preference for boys doesn't differ between rich and poor, it is similar. But the means to ensure a boy is greater among the educated and the rich," Jha said.
"In India, if urban women decide they only want one child, then abortion may spread from second or third child to the first, so this is a future risk that we have identified," Jha said.
Jha's team analyzed data from three national health surveys conducted over different time periods from 1992 to 2006, where over 300,000 mothers between the ages of 15 to 49 were interviewed for their birth history.
The researchers also analyzed data of three cohorts of children born from 1990 to 2005.
They found the sex ratio for the second child in homes where the first born was a girl fell to 836 girls for every 1,000 boys in 2005, from 906 to every 1,000 boys in 1990.
"There were 4 million to 12 million selective abortions from 1980 to 2010 and just in the last decade, about 3 to 6 million, so the problem is increasing," Jha said.
India enacted a law in 1996 to prevent the use of scanning for prenatal sex determination and selective abortion of girls but Jha said it was very difficult to enforce because of a huge unregulated private medical practice.
"Until the government brings health reforms in place and brings doctors into a publicly financed accountable system, it's difficult to go that route," he said.
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(Agencies)
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