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What makes an ideal employer for white-collar employees has changed over the years, a report found. The factors in this changing perception are not all strictly work-related as inflation, general welfare and high property prices also play a role, the report jointly released by Zhaopin.com and Beijing University's Institute of Social Science Survey showed. The annual report was published on Dec 13, together with a list of what are considered to be the top 30 best employers in China. The survey conducted interviews in 2,132 companies in 17 industries, mostly in first- and second-tier cities. "Compared with two years ago, white-collar workers are not just focused on high salaries but want more of a welfare package," said Zhu Hongyan, a senior career consultant at Zhaopin.com, one of the country's biggest job-hunting websites. "They also care more about whether they can get respect, and enjoy good working relationships in the office, rather than simply promotion opportunities, as in the past," she added. Xu Jianhong, 25, graduated from a top university in Nanjing in 2011 and began work at a leading consulting firm in Shanghai. "My salary is considered high compared to my classmates, and that's the main reason I chose the job," he said. "But now I find it not worthwhile as the working hours are too long, and there is no work-life balance. I don't have a hukou (household registration) so I cannot enjoy the benefits that come with it." Xu said that in a year or two, he will consider changing jobs to a more stable company, preferably a State-owned company (SOE) as they have better welfare packages. "I don't regret the choice I made as I acquired a great many job skills and the relationships within the company are good, with no hierarchy, no bureaucracy. We can discuss issues with the big boss anytime," he said, wondering whether any new job would offer such a pleasant environment. "If I change and work in an SOE, I worry that the environment within the company will be different and I will have a hard time getting used to the hidden rules." Xu's opinion was echoed by many of his peers. Liang Lin, 29, graduated with a master's degree in business from a top university. She has changed jobs three times over the past five years, and said her preference has changed as well. "The first job I had was with a US insurance company," she said. "It was good pay but long hours." She wanted a better work-life balance, where she has time to do the things she wants to do. Now she is representing her company, which is an SOE, as it opens a joint venture with a local company in Shanghai. "I have more free time, and I get a good social welfare package," she said. "I can do things I enjoy." Zhu, the career consultant, explained that this change is in line with the theory of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow was a US psychologist who published a well-known paper in 1943 that prioritized human needs. "This shows that an employee needs develop from basic physiological to higher psychological needs, as the theory explained," she said. "Maslow describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be." Zhu also explained that SOEs, as they have a market monopoly in certain industries, can provide employees with better welfare packages, including hukou, medical care, children's education and perhaps housing. That complete package, which is hard to get even if a worker has a high salary, is more attractive nowadays. "As a fresh graduate, I believed that money talked, but now I realize the importance of work-life balance, and the process of self-actualization. To do what you want to do and be allowed to do so is truly a blessing," said Li Xinyuan, who has worked with a US law firm since 2010 after graduating with a law degree from an Ivy-league university in the US. Her monthly income is double that of her peers who work in SOEs but she said she feels that the money alone is not reward enough. Li is thinking of getting a PhD degree and then teaching. "That is more meaningful to me," she said. By Yang Yao ( China Daily) |
記者發(fā)現(xiàn)，白領(lǐng)們對于理想工作的看法一直在改變。誰才是最佳雇主呢？ 12月13日，北京大學(xué)中國社會科學(xué)調(diào)查中心和智聯(lián)招聘網(wǎng)發(fā)布年度最佳雇主榜單，榜單上列舉了中國最受歡迎的30家企業(yè)。同時，機(jī)構(gòu)報告顯示，受到物價上漲，社會福利待遇提高和高房價的影響，理想工作的影響因素已不僅僅是工資。 這份調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)來自于17個行業(yè)的2132家公司，這些公司大多位于我國一二線城市。 智聯(lián)招聘高級職業(yè)咨詢師朱紅艷（音）介紹，與兩年前相比，白領(lǐng)們不僅關(guān)注高薪，而且還關(guān)心公司員工福利待遇問題。他們希望在公司能夠得到尊重，與同事之間有著良好的人際關(guān)系，而不像以前僅僅希望得到升職的機(jī)會。 徐建洪（音），現(xiàn)年25歲，2011年畢業(yè)于南京的一所國內(nèi)一流大學(xué)，現(xiàn)供職于上海一家知名咨詢公司，他說出了大多數(shù)年輕人的心聲。 他坦言，他在他的同學(xué)中屬于高收入，這也是當(dāng)年選擇這份工作的原因，但現(xiàn)在，他對這份工作并不滿意，因為工作時間過長，生活沒有規(guī)律，而且他還無法擁有上海戶口，這讓他難以享受相應(yīng)的公共福利。 他說自己想在未來一兩年內(nèi)換一份更加穩(wěn)定的工作，福利待遇較好的國企是一份不錯的選擇。 不過，他對自己的選擇并不后悔，這兩年他在這里積累了很多工作經(jīng)驗，同事間的關(guān)系也很融洽。大家經(jīng)常和公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一起討論問題，沒有官僚主義的習(xí)氣。對于日后到國企工作的選擇，他也有一些顧慮，那里的工作環(huán)境應(yīng)該會有所不同，估計得花一段時間去熟悉新的規(guī)則。 梁琳（音），現(xiàn)在29歲，工商管理碩士，名校畢業(yè)，在過去的五年中換過三份工作，她覺得自己對理想工作的看法也發(fā)生了改變。 她說，她的第一份工作是在一家美國保險公司上班，工資很高但是工作時間太長。后來她放棄了那份工作，希望每天過得有規(guī)律，過屬于自己的生活?，F(xiàn)在，她在一家上海的國企合資代表處工作。她感到現(xiàn)在自己有了許多自由的時間，可以做自己喜歡做的事，而且社會福利待遇也不錯！ 職業(yè)咨詢師朱紅艷認(rèn)為，這種變化符合美國心理學(xué)家馬斯洛提出的需要層次理論，這個著名理論于1943在他的論文中問世。根據(jù)馬斯洛的理論人的需要從低層次的生存需要向高層次的精神需要不斷發(fā)展，最終達(dá)到自我實現(xiàn)。如今，國有企業(yè)在一些行業(yè)擁有壟斷地位，它們可以為員工提供戶口、提供醫(yī)療保障、解決子女就學(xué)問題，甚至有些還能解決住房問題，在當(dāng)前形勢下，這些福利十分誘人，是普通企業(yè)提供的高薪所無法比擬的。 李欣源（音），一家美國法律公司的員工，2010年畢業(yè)于美國一所常春藤院校。她說，當(dāng)自己剛剛畢業(yè)時，她認(rèn)為一切靠錢說話，不過現(xiàn)在，她感到有規(guī)律的生活和追求自我實現(xiàn)才是最重要的，最幸福的事莫過于能夠做自己想做的事了！現(xiàn)在，她的月收入相當(dāng)于她在國內(nèi)國企工作的同齡人的兩倍，不過錢無法滿足精神需求。她正在考慮考博，之后留校教書，對于她而言，那才是有意義的生活。 （翻譯：吳溦 編輯：丹妮） |
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