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最新研究顯示，比起睡眠良好的人，失眠人群大腦的可塑性可能更強(qiáng)。
研究人員征集了28名成年受試者，用經(jīng)顱磁刺激(TMS)激活受試者腦中的運(yùn)動(dòng)皮質(zhì)區(qū)域，這28人中，18人患有失眠癥，10人沒有失眠癥。受試者收到刺激后四肢會(huì)向特定方向不自主運(yùn)動(dòng)。
研究人員在受試者四肢上綁定加速計(jì)測(cè)量運(yùn)動(dòng)幅度，接下來觀察受試者在四肢不受控運(yùn)動(dòng)下，多久能學(xué)會(huì)往反方向控制四肢運(yùn)動(dòng)。研究人員說，在這種條件下，適應(yīng)的越快，運(yùn)動(dòng)皮質(zhì)的靈活度就越好。
研究人員開始還擔(dān)心失眠患者的大腦會(huì)因休息不良難以控制四肢，但是試驗(yàn)結(jié)果卻讓人大跌眼鏡。結(jié)果顯示慢性失眠癥患者適應(yīng)地更快，因?yàn)樗麄兊拇竽X有更強(qiáng)的可塑性。
失眠癥狀如何導(dǎo)致可塑性提高的聯(lián)系還不能確定，科學(xué)家也不知道具體作用機(jī)制，也不清楚可塑性提高是否是失眠導(dǎo)致。
Unable to sleep at night? It has now been medically shown that insomnia may be caused by an overactive brain, according to a new sleep study conducted by Dr. Rachel Salas, assistant professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and head author of the new research project.
Salas stated in the report from their research in Sleep Journal that insomniacs have more active brains than sound sleepers, and the disorder is not something that occurs only at night. Insomnia is “more of a 24/7 disorder,” she said. “The light switch is continually on.”
Originally, Salas assumed that deep sleepers had more plastic and attentive brains. She explained that brain plasticity is how easily neural pathways can be tailored by experience and adapt to change. Salas set up a sleep study including 28 participants: 18 who suffered from chronic insomnia for more than a year and 10 people with no trouble sleeping.
Each subject was given 65 electrical pulses to the brain using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), targeting a specific point in the motor cortex. The researchers focused on stimulating involuntary movements of each person’s thumb and then asked volunteers to move their thumbs for 30 minutes in the opposite direction (without electromagnetic currents) as the uncontrolled reaction caused by the experiment.
The volunteers were then pulsed a second time to see if their brains had learned to move their thumbs in the new direction. If the thumbs twitched in the new path, it showed that the brain was adaptable to change.
Salas assumed that because lack of sleep has been associated with decreased memory and concentration during the day, the brains of the sound sleepers would be more easily trained. Ironically, the opposite was true. The results showed that plasticity was more prevalent in the brains of individuals with insomnia. Salas’ report also found a link between increased plasticity and amplified excitability. So basically, insomniacs have more ongoing brain activity than deep sleepers.
More research still needs to be done in order to learn more about why insomniacs have a more active brain and are able to acclimate easier to modifying the thinking process. Salas stated that the increased metabolism, cortisol levels, and constant worrying symptoms that occur in individuals with insomnia may be linked to plasticity in some way. Unfortunately, there is not one single treatment that works for all people with sleep deprivation issues.
Many people have tried numerous different types of methods including therapy, sleeping pills, and Eastern medicine, but none of these have produced conclusive results that is a definite solution to the problem. Insomniacs have even turned to “sleep whisperer” Ilse Blansert’s controversial phenomenon known as Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) for help.
Salas said she hopes to conduct a more in depth sleep study to find treatments for the hyperactive brain to alleviate those who suffer from insomnia. Although there is not currently a “cure” for insomnia, Salas believes that TMS could prove to reduce excitability for people with the disorder.
（來源：guardianlv.com 編輯：丹妮）
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