中國網站品牌欄目（頻道）
（六）大力發(fā)展社會事業(yè)，著力保障和改善民生
6. Energetically developing social programs and vigorously ensuring and improving the wellbeing of the people
今年要集中力量辦一些經濟社會發(fā)展急需、關系人民群眾切身利益的大事實事，讓人民群眾得到更多實惠。
This year we will concentrate on accomplishing major tasks that are urgently needed in economic and social development and directly related to the vital interests of the people to improve their wellbeing.
千方百計促進就業(yè)。充分發(fā)揮服務業(yè)、勞動密集型產業(yè)、中小企業(yè)、非公有制經濟在吸納就業(yè)中的作用。實施更加積極的就業(yè)政策，中央財政擬投入420億元資金。
We will do everything in our power to stimulate employment. We will make full use of the role of the service sector, labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the non-public sector of the economy in creating jobs. We will implement a more proactive employment policy, and the central government will allocate 42 billion Yuan for this purpose.
一是把促進高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)放在突出位置。高校畢業(yè)生到城鄉(xiāng)基層社會管理和公共服務崗位就業(yè)，給予社會保險和崗位補貼；到農村基層服務和參軍入伍，給予學費補償和代償助學貸款。鼓勵承擔重點科研項目的高校、科研院所和企業(yè)吸納符合條件的畢業(yè)生從事科研工作。企業(yè)吸納符合條件的高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)，可按規(guī)定享受相關就業(yè)扶持政策。加快建設一批投資少、見效快的大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)園或創(chuàng)業(yè)孵化基地。
First, we will give high priority to facilitating the employment of university graduates. Graduates who take jobs in public administration and public services at the community level in urban and rural areas will receive social security benefits and position subsidies. Those who either take jobs in villages or enlist in the army will receive tuition reimbursement and have their student loans forgiven. We will encourage institutions of higher learning, research institutes and enterprises undertaking key research projects to recruit qualified university graduates to do research work. Enterprises recruiting such graduates will receive relevant employment policy support from the government. We will speed up the establishment of startup industrial parks and incubation bases that require less investment and yield quicker results where college graduates can start their own businesses.
二是廣開農民工就業(yè)門路和穩(wěn)定現有就業(yè)崗位。要發(fā)揮政府投資和重大項目建設帶動農民工就業(yè)的作用。鼓勵和支持困難企業(yè)與員工協(xié)商薪酬，采取靈活用工、彈性工時、技能培訓等辦法，盡量不裁員。加強有組織的勞務輸出，引導農民工有序流動。組織返鄉(xiāng)農民工參與農村公共設施建設。
Second, we will expand employment opportunities for rural migrant workers in cities while stabilizing their existing jobs. We will stimulate their employment through government investment and the launch of major projects. We will encourage and help enterprises that are in a difficult situation to prevent layoffs by renegotiating wage levels with their employees, adopting flexible employment and work hours, or providing job training for them. We will increase the export of organized labor services and guide the orderly flow of rural migrant workers. We will arrange for those that have returned to their home villages to take part in the construction of local public facilities.
三是幫助城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)困難人員、零就業(yè)家庭和災區(qū)勞動力就業(yè)。進一步開辟公益性就業(yè)崗位。
Third, we will help urban residents experiencing difficulty finding work, members of zero-employment households and workers in disaster-stricken areas find jobs. We will create more public-service jobs.
四是大力支持自主創(chuàng)業(yè)、自謀職業(yè)，促進以創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動就業(yè)。在市場準入、財稅金融、經營用地等方面提供便利和優(yōu)惠，鼓勵更多勞動者成為創(chuàng)業(yè)者。對自主創(chuàng)業(yè)、農民工返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)要進一步降低門檻，給予更大支持。
Fourth, we will vigorously support individuals in starting their own businesses or finding jobs on their own, thus expanding employment by creating new businesses. We will adopt facilitating and preferential policies concerning market access, taxation, financing and land use to encourage more workers to become entrepreneurs. We will further lower the barrier for individuals, including rural migrant workers who have returned to their home villages, to start their own businesses and lend them more support in this area.
五是進一步改善對就業(yè)的公共服務。加強就業(yè)信息發(fā)布、職業(yè)介紹和就業(yè)指導工作。大力開展職業(yè)培訓。加大對就業(yè)困難人員和農民工職業(yè)技能培訓的政策扶持。加快完善社會保障體系。
Fifth, we will further improve public services for employment. We will improve the release of employment information and provide more effective career and employment guidance. We will vigorously develop vocational training. We will increase policy support for skills training for rural migrant workers and urban residents experiencing employment difficulty. We will move faster to improve the social safety net.
一是推進制度建設，完善基本養(yǎng)老保險制度，繼續(xù)開展做實個人賬戶試點，全面推進省級統(tǒng)籌。制定實施農民工養(yǎng)老保險辦法。新型農村社會養(yǎng)老保險試點要覆蓋全國10%左右的縣（市）。出臺養(yǎng)老保險關系轉移接續(xù)辦法。完善失業(yè)、工傷、生育保險制度。健全城鄉(xiāng)社會救助制度。
First, we will press ahead with institutional development. We will improve the basic old-age insurance system, continue to carry out the pilot projects to fully fund personal accounts for old-age insurance, and comprehensively carry out planning at the provincial level. We will formulate and implement a method for old-age pensions for rural migrant workers. The pilot projects for establishing a new type of old-age insurance system for rural residents will cover approximately 10% of the counties and county-level cities in the country. We will introduce a method for transferring old-age pension accounts for workers moving from one region to another, and improve the systems of unemployment, workers’ compensation, and maternity insurance. We will improve the urban and rural social assistance systems.
二是擴大社會保障覆蓋范圍。重點做好非公有制經濟從業(yè)人員、農民工、被征地農民、靈活就業(yè)人員和自由職業(yè)者參保工作。農村低保要做到應保盡保。切實加強社會保障基金監(jiān)管，保證基金安全。
Second, we will expand coverage of social security programs, focusing on coverage for employees in the non-public sector, rural migrant workers, farmers whose land was expropriated, people with flexible employment arrangements and freelancers. All rural residents entitled to cost of living allowances will receive them. We will increase funding for the national social safety net through multiple channels. We will strengthen supervision of social security funds to ensure their safety.
三是提高社會保障待遇。今明兩年繼續(xù)提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金，人均每年增長10%左右。繼續(xù)提高失業(yè)保險金和工傷保險金標準。進一步提高城鄉(xiāng)低保、農村五保等保障水平，提高優(yōu)撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準。大力發(fā)展社會福利事業(yè)和慈善事業(yè)。
Third, we will increase social security benefits. We will continue to raise the basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by an annual average of about 10% per person for the next two years. We will continue to increase unemployment insurance benefits and workers’ compensation. We will extend greater financial support to both urban and rural recipients of cost of living allowances and to childless and infirm rural residents who receive subsidies for food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses, and increase subsidies and living allowances to members of entitled groups.
多渠道增加全國社會保障基金。中央財政擬投入社會保障資金2930億元，比上年預計數增加439億元，增長17.6%。地方財政也要加大投入。
We will vigorously develop social welfare and charity programs. The central government plans to spend 293 billion Yuan on the social safety net this year, up 17.6% or 43.9 billion Yuan over the estimated figure for last year. Local governments will also increase funding in this area.
堅持優(yōu)先發(fā)展教育事業(yè)。今年要研究制定國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要，對2020年前我國教育改革發(fā)展作出全面部署。年內要重點抓好五個方面。
We will continue to give priority to developing education. This year we will formulate the Outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development to make comprehensive arrangements for education reform and development in China through 2020. This year, we need to focus on the following five areas.
一是促進教育公平。落實好城鄉(xiāng)免費義務教育政策。提高農村義務教育公用經費標準，把小學、初中學生人均公用經費分別提高到300元和500元。逐步解決農民工子女在輸入地免費接受義務教育問題。增加農村義務教育階段家庭經濟困難寄宿生的生活補助。爭取三年內基本解決農村―普九‖債務問題。完善國家助學制度，加大對中等職業(yè)學校和高等院校家庭經濟困難學生的資助。使人人享有平等的受教育機會，不讓一個孩子因家庭經濟困難而失學。
First, we will promote fairness in education. We will implement free compulsory education policies for both urban and rural areas well. We will increase public expenditures on rural compulsory education to 300 Yuan per primary school student and 500 Yuan per junior secondary school student. We will progressively ensure that children of rural migrant workers have access to free compulsory education in the places where their families have relocated. We will increase living allowances for rural students receiving compulsory education who come from poor families and stay in school dormitories. We will strive to basically clear the debts incurred in providing nine-year compulsory education in rural areas within three years. We will improve the national financial aid system for students and increase financial aid for secondary vocational school and university students from poor families to ensure that everyone enjoys equal opportunity to receive education and that no child is denied schooling due to financial difficulties.
二是優(yōu)化教育結構。大力發(fā)展職業(yè)教育，特別要重點支持農村中等職業(yè)教育。逐步實行中等職業(yè)教育免費，今年先從農村家庭經濟困難學生和涉農專業(yè)做起。繼續(xù)提高高等教育質量，推進高水平大學和重點學科建設，引導高等學校調整專業(yè)和課程設置，適應市場和經濟社會發(fā)展需求。
Second, we will optimize the education structure. We will energetically develop vocational education, with the focus on supporting rural secondary vocational education. We will gradually make secondary vocational education free, beginning this year with rural students from poor families and students studying agriculture-related subjects. We will continue to improve the quality of higher education, develop high-quality universities and key disciplines, and guide institutions of higher learning to adapt their specialties, curriculums and courses to meet the needs of the market and China’s economic and social development.
三是加強教師隊伍建設。對義務教育階段教師實行績效工資制度，提高1200萬中小學教師待遇，中央財政為此將投入120億元，地方財政也要增加投入。全面加強教師特別是農村教師培訓，鼓勵大學生、師范生到基層、農村任教。
Third, we will improve the quality of teachers. We will apply a performance-based salary system for teachers in compulsory education and raise salaries for the 12 million primary and secondary school teachers. The central government will spend 12 billion Yuan and local governments will also increase funding for this purpose. We will step up training for all teachers, especially rural teachers, and encourage graduates from teachers colleges and other colleges and universities to teach at community and village schools.
四是推進素質教育。各級各類教育都要著眼于促進人的全面發(fā)展，加快課程、教材、教育方法和考試評價制度改革，把中小學生從過重的課業(yè)負擔中解放出來，讓學生有更多的時間思考、實踐、創(chuàng)造。
Fourth, we will advance well-rounded education. Education of all types and at all levels must focus on promoting all-round development of students. Reform of curriculums, textbooks, teaching methods and examination and evaluation systems should be accelerated to relieve primary and secondary school students of their excessive study load so that they will have more time to think, practice and create.
五是實施全國中小學校舍安全工程，推進農村中小學標準化建設。要把學校建成最安全、家長最放心的地方。
Fifth, we will implement a program to ensure that all primary and secondary school buildings are safe and promote standardization in the construction of rural primary and secondary schools. We will make school buildings places that are the safest and provide the greatest assurance to parents.
推進醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展。要堅持公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生的公益性質，充分調動廣大醫(yī)務人員的積極性。努力建成覆蓋全國城鄉(xiāng)的基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務。從今年開始，重點抓好以下五項工作。
We will carry forward pharmaceutical and health care reform and development. We will ensure that public medical and health care services serve the public good and fully arouse the initiative of health workers. We will work hard to establish a nationwide basic medical and health care system for both urban and rural areas to begin providing universal coverage. We will focus on the following five areas starting from this year.
一是推進基本醫(yī)療保障制度建設。將全國城鄉(xiāng)居民分別納入城鎮(zhèn)職工基本醫(yī)療保險、城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險和新型農村合作醫(yī)療制度覆蓋范圍，三年內參保率均提高到90%以上。中央財政對困難地區(qū)關閉破產國有企業(yè)退休人員參保給予適當補助。繼續(xù)提高城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保和新農合籌資標準和財政補助標準，適當擴大報銷范圍，提高報銷比例。完善城鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)療救助制度，提高救助水平。
First, we will develop a system that ensures basic medical care. Urban residents will be covered by basic medical insurance for urban workers or basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents, and rural residents will be covered by the new type of rural cooperative medical care system. We will ensure that these programs cover over 90% of those eligible within three years. The central government will provide appropriate subsidies for retirees from closed or bankrupt state-owned enterprises in financially strained regions to get such insurance. We will continue to raise the standard for financing and increase government subsidies for basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system, appropriately expand the scope of reimbursement and raise the proportion of costs reimbursed. We will improve urban and rural medical assistance programs and improve the level of assistance.
二是建立國家基本藥物制度。今年要統(tǒng)一制定和發(fā)布國家基本藥物目錄，出臺基本藥物生產、流通、定價、使用和醫(yī)保報銷政策，減輕群眾看病就醫(yī)基本用藥費用負擔。
Second, we will establish a national system for basic drugs. This year, we will formulate and promulgate a unified national basic drugs catalog and adopt policies concerning their production, distribution, pricing, use and insurance reimbursement in order to ease the burden on patients for the cost of basic drugs.
三是健全基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務體系。今年要全面完成規(guī)劃支持的2.9萬所鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院建設任務。今年三年內中央財政再支持5000所中心鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院、2000所縣級醫(yī)院和2400所城市社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務中心建設。支持邊遠地區(qū)村衛(wèi)生室建設，實現全國每個行政村都有衛(wèi)生室。
Third, we will improve the community-level medical and health service system. This year, we will complete the building of 29,000 health clinics in towns and townships supported by the plan. In the coming three years, the central government will allocate funds to support the building of another 5,000 central health clinics in towns and townships, 2,000 county-level hospitals and 2,400 community health service centers in urban areas. We will support the construction of health care clinics in villages in remote regions and ensure that all incorporated villages have their own health care clinics.
四是促進基本公共衛(wèi)生服務逐步均等化。擴大免費公共衛(wèi)生服務范圍，城鄉(xiāng)居民人均公共衛(wèi)生服務經費不低于15元，以后逐步提高。增加重大傳染病、慢性病和職業(yè)病、地方病防治的專項投入。
Fourth, we will steadily promote equal access for all to basic public health services. We will expand the scope of free public health services and ensure that the per capita public health service expenditure for both urban and rural residents is not less than 15 Yuan, a level that will rise gradually in the future. We will appropriate more funds to prevent and control major communicable diseases, chronic and occupational diseases, and endemics.
五是推進公立醫(yī)院改革試點。重點改革管理體制、運行機制和監(jiān)管機制。鼓勵各地探索政事分開、管辦分開、醫(yī)藥分開、營利性和非營利性分開的有效形式。逐步取消以藥補醫(yī)機制，推進公立醫(yī)院補償機制改革。鼓勵各地探索建立醫(yī)療服務由利益相關方參與協(xié)商的定價機制，建立由有關機構、群眾代表和專家參與的質量監(jiān)管和評價制度。要充分發(fā)揮中醫(yī)藥和民族醫(yī)藥在防病治病中的重要作用。
Fifth, we will carry forward pilot reforms in public hospitals with the emphasis on reforms in their management system and their operation and oversight mechanisms. We will encourage every locality to seek effective ways to separate government administration from medical practice, management from operations, medical care from drugs, and for-profit from nonprofit operations. We will gradually eliminate the practice of hospitals subsidizing their medical services with drug sales and reform the mechanism of subsidizing public hospitals. We will encourage all localities to seek ways to establish a medical service pricing mechanism based on consultations among stakeholders and establish a system whereby relevant institutions, representatives of the general public, and experts oversee and evaluate the quality of medical services. We will give full play to traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities in disease prevention and control.
今后三年各級政府擬投入8500億元，其中中央財政投入3318億元，以保證醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體制改革的順利推進。醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體制改革事關人民群眾的健康權益，我們要加強領導、精心設計、認真組織，積極穩(wěn)妥地推進，切實解決看病貴、看病難問題，為人民群眾提供安全、有效、方便、價廉的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務。
Governments at all levels will allocate an additional 850 billion Yuan in the next three years, including 331.8 billion Yuan from the central government, to ensure smooth progress in the reform of the system of pharmaceuticals and health care. Because this reform concerns the people’s health-related rights and interests, we need to improve leadership, make plans and arrangements carefully, progress vigorously yet prudently, and effectively solve the problem of medical services being unaffordable and inadequate, in order to provide safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services for the people.
做好人口和計劃生育工作，穩(wěn)定低生育水平。從今年開始，在全國農村實行住院分娩補助政策，定期為孕產婦做產前檢查和產后訪視，為3歲以下嬰幼兒做生長發(fā)育檢查。加強出生缺陷預防工作。將農村部分計劃生育家庭獎勵扶助標準由人均600元提高到720元。加強流動人口服務和管理。保護婦女和未成年人權益。在農村婦女中開展婦科疾病定期檢查。支持殘疾人事業(yè)加快發(fā)展。繼續(xù)加強老齡工作。
We will do our work related to population and family planning well and maintain a low birthrate. From this year on, we will introduce a policy in all rural areas to subsidize hospitalized childbirth, provide regular prenatal checkups and postpartum visits for women, and monitor the growth of infants and toddlers less than three years of age. We will intensify our efforts to prevent birth defects. We will increase the reward to rural women at or above the age of 60 who have complied with family planning regulations from 600 Yuan to 720 Yuan per person. We will improve services for and intensify management of the floating population and better protect the rights and interests of women and minors. We will provide routine gynecological examinations for rural women. We will support and accelerate programs benefiting people with disabilities. We will continue to intensify our work concerning the elderly.
大力發(fā)展文化體育事業(yè)。促進文化發(fā)展和繁榮，既可以拓展消費領域，也有利于豐富人們的精神文化生活。積極發(fā)展公益性文化事業(yè)，加快完善公共文化服務體系，加強重點文化設施、城鄉(xiāng)基層文化設施特別是廣播電視―村村通‖和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)綜合文化站、農家書屋建設，努力推進文化惠民工程。支持文化產業(yè)加快發(fā)展，完善扶持政策，培育骨干文化企業(yè)。繁榮哲學社會科學，積極發(fā)展文學藝術、廣播影視、新聞出版事業(yè)。
We will vigorously develop culture and sports. Developing cultural programs and promoting cultural enrichment will help not only enrich people’s cultural lives but also expand avenues of consumption. We need to vigorously develop non-profit cultural programs and accelerate improvement of the system of public cultural services. We will intensify construction of key cultural facilities as well as community-based cultural facilities in both urban and rural areas, particularly the project to extend radio and TV coverage to all villages, and the construction of multipurpose cultural centers in towns and townships and small libraries in rural areas, and we will vigorously promote cultural projects that benefit the people. We will help accelerate the development of cultural industries, improve policy support for them and foster leading cultural enterprises. We will help philosophy and the social sciences flourish, and actively develop literature, the arts, radio, TV, film, the press and publishing.
加強網絡文化建設和管理。做好文物和非物質文化遺產保護。推進公益性文化事業(yè)單位管理體制、運行機制改革和經營性文化單位轉企改制。加強基層公共體育設施建設，大力開展群眾性體育活動，提高競技體育水平，發(fā)展體育產業(yè)。
We will strengthen development and management of Internet culture and effectively protect our cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage. We will reform management and operation of nonprofit cultural institutions and transform for-profit cultural agencies into enterprises. We will build more and better community-based public sports facilities, vigorously promote mass sports activities, raise the level of competitive sports and develop the sports industry.
加強民主法制建設。積極穩(wěn)妥地推進政治體制改革，發(fā)展社會主義民主政治。要健全民主制度，豐富民主形式，拓寬民主渠道，依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督。
We will strengthen the development of democracy and the legal system. We will carry out political restructuring in an active yet prudent manner and develop socialist democratic politics. We need to improve democratic institutions, enrich the forms of democracy, expand its channels, and carry out democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight in accordance with the law.
要健全基層群眾自治機制，擴大基層群眾自治范圍，完善基層民主管理制度，保障人民群眾依法直接行使民主權利、管理基層公共事務和公共事業(yè)。深入開展法制宣傳教育，加強公民意識教育，樹立社會主義民主法治、自由平等、公平正義理念。統(tǒng)籌推進城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)建設，促進社會組織健康發(fā)展。加強政府法制工作，提高政府立法透明度和公眾參與度，做到規(guī)范、公正、文明執(zhí)法。
We will improve the mechanisms of self-governance by the people at the community level and expand the scope of community-level self-governance, improve the system for community-level democratic administration and ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights and administer community-level public affairs and public programs in accordance with the law. We will increase publicity of and education in the law, intensify education about citizenship, and promote the values of socialist democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality, equity and justice. We will coordinate development of urban and rural communities and promote the healthy growth of civic organizations. We will strengthen government work concerning the law, increase transparency in government legislation, expand public participation therein, and ensure that the law is enforced in a standardized, fair and civilized manner.
加強社會管理，維護社會和諧安定。要特別重視維護群眾合法權益，正確處理人民內部矛盾，及時合理解決群眾反映的問題，堅決糾正各種損害群眾利益的行為。
We will strengthen public administration and maintain harmony and stability in society. We need to pay special attention to safeguarding people’s legitimate rights and interests, correctly handle problems among the people, properly deal with their complaints in a timely manner, and resolutely correct all actions that harm their interests.
健全社會矛盾糾紛調處化解機制，引導群眾以理性合法的方式表達利益訴求。堅持領導干部特別是主要領導干部處理群眾來信和接待群眾來訪制度，服務群眾，化解矛盾。健全社會穩(wěn)定預警機制，積極預防和妥善處理各類群體性事件。深入開展平安創(chuàng)建活動，加強社會治安綜合治理。嚴密防范、依法嚴厲打擊各類違法犯罪活動，維護國家安全和社會穩(wěn)定。
We will improve the mechanism for mediating, handling and resolving social tensions and guide the people in expressing their concerns relating to their interests by reasonable and lawful means. We will adhere to the system whereby leading cadres, especially principal ones, handle people’s letters and receive people’s visits in order to serve the people and resolve conflicts. We will improve the early-warning system for social stability to actively prevent and properly handle all types of mass incidents. We will launch intensive campaigns to ensure public security and maintain law and order through a full range of measures. We will be on high alert for and severely crack down on criminal offenses in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.
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