3月16日（星期三）上午十二屆全國(guó)人大四次會(huì)議閉幕后，國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)在人民大會(huì)堂三樓金色大廳會(huì)見(jiàn)采訪十二屆全國(guó)人大四次會(huì)議的中外記者并回答記者提出的問(wèn)題。

先奉上完整版視頻：

以下為記者會(huì)全程文字實(shí)錄：

【路透社記者】

近期中國(guó)股市和匯市的波動(dòng)引起了國(guó)際投資者的高度關(guān)注。請(qǐng)問(wèn)總理，您認(rèn)為中國(guó)的金融市場(chǎng)目前面臨哪些主要問(wèn)題和挑戰(zhàn)？中國(guó)政府對(duì)金融市場(chǎng)未來(lái)的發(fā)展和加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管有什么計(jì)劃？股市匯市和債券市場(chǎng)將會(huì)有哪些重點(diǎn)改革措施？近期的市場(chǎng)波動(dòng)會(huì)不會(huì)影響改革的進(jìn)度？深港通會(huì)不會(huì)年內(nèi)推出？謝謝。
Reuters: The recent volatility in China's stock and currency markets have drawn close attention from international investors. Mr Premier, what do you think are the major problems and challenges facing China's financial markets? What are the Chinese government's plans for future financial markets and strengthening of financing regulation? What major reform steps will be adopted for the development of stock, currency and bond markets in China? Will the recent volatility in those markets hold back China's reform development? And will the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect be launched this year?

【李克強(qiáng)】

請(qǐng)你問(wèn)第一個(gè)問(wèn)題，你就把股市匯市等金融市場(chǎng)問(wèn)題當(dāng)“當(dāng)頭炮”，不過(guò)也可以理解。因?yàn)樵S多金融問(wèn)題的表現(xiàn)往往早于經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的發(fā)生。但是金融首要任務(wù)還是要支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)展，是金融最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。去年我們采取了一系列像降息、降準(zhǔn)、定向降準(zhǔn)等措施，這不是量化寬松，我們始終注意把握貨幣供應(yīng)量的松緊適度，主要還是為了降低實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)融資的成本。所以金融機(jī)構(gòu)還是要著力去支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)，特別是小微企業(yè)的健康發(fā)展，絕不能脫實(shí)向虛。
You've had the first opportunity to ask a question, and you made your questions all about the financial sector. That is understandable, as many economic problems first manifest themselves in financial markets. The top priority of the financial sector is to support the development of the real economy. The truth is, the dysfunctional real economy presents the largest risk to the financial markets. Last year, we took a series of steps, including cutting interest rates, and targeted reductions of banks required reserve ratio; these were not quantitative easing measures. At the same time, we also took care to insure that there is appropriate money supply. All these steps will aim at bringing down the cost of financing and enhance the development of the real economy, so I believe the job of financial institutions is to provide better services to the real economy, especially micro and small businesses.

當(dāng)然金融也有其自身的規(guī)律，要防范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。我更關(guān)注的是金融機(jī)構(gòu)本身，去年由于一些行業(yè)、企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難，金融機(jī)構(gòu)不良貸款比例是在上升的。但是我們有抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力，因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)銀行的資本充足率超過(guò)了13%，高于國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，撥備覆蓋率達(dá)到180%以上，高于我們定的150%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而且我們還可以利用市場(chǎng)化的手段降低企業(yè)的債務(wù)率。企業(yè)債務(wù)率高是老問(wèn)題了，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)是間接融資為主，但是我們的居民儲(chǔ)蓄率也比較高。即便如此，不管市場(chǎng)發(fā)生怎樣的波動(dòng)，我們還是要堅(jiān)定不移地發(fā)展多層次的資本市場(chǎng)，而且也可以通過(guò)市場(chǎng)化債轉(zhuǎn)股的方式來(lái)逐步降低企業(yè)的杠桿率。
The financial sector also operates according to its own laws, and one should always look out for possible financial risks. Last year, because of the difficulties of companies in some sectors, the nonperforming loan ratio of some financial institutions in China increased, but we are still in the good position to defuse the financial risks because the capital adequacy ratios of commercial banks is still about 13 percent, which is below the international warning line. Those bank's provision coverage ratio is also about 180 percent, which is above the 150 percent level that we set. We also have other market-based tools at our disposal to help bring down the corporate debt ratio. A very high corporate debt ratio is not new in China, as they still raise finances mostly indirectly in China, but we have a high saving's rate. In regard to volatility in the financial market, we're determined to press ahead with the building of a multi-tiered capital market, and we can also used such a market-oriented format for equity swaps to help bring down the corporate leverage ratio.

去年由于多重因素的原因，中國(guó)股票市場(chǎng)發(fā)生了異常波動(dòng)，有關(guān)方面采取綜合性穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)的舉措，實(shí)際上是要防范發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性的金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這一點(diǎn)是做到了的。下一步怎么辦？前兩天我們新上任的證監(jiān)會(huì)主席關(guān)于具體問(wèn)題已經(jīng)作了闡述，因?yàn)闀r(shí)間問(wèn)題我不展開(kāi)了。不論是股市、債市、匯市這些金融市場(chǎng)，本質(zhì)上是市場(chǎng)，還是要推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)化、法治化的改革。當(dāng)然，政府有監(jiān)管的責(zé)任，現(xiàn)在看，隨著形勢(shì)的變化，需要改革和完善我們的金融監(jiān)管體系，要實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在金融創(chuàng)新的產(chǎn)品很多，不能留下監(jiān)管空白；要增強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)性，因?yàn)榻鹑谑袌?chǎng)產(chǎn)品之間關(guān)聯(lián)度比較高，協(xié)調(diào)要有權(quán)威，還要做到權(quán)責(zé)一致。中央有關(guān)部門(mén)和地方要分層負(fù)責(zé)，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題要及時(shí)處置，防止苗頭性的問(wèn)題蔓延，當(dāng)然也不能容忍道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。總之，還是要瞪大眼睛，練就一雙加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管的“火眼金睛”。
Last year, due to multiple factors, there were some unusual fluctuations in China's stock markets. Public departments took coordinated steps to stabilize the market and prevent any sustainable financial risk, and our measure achieved the desired result. As to what will the government do the next, with respect to the development of the financial markets in China, a few days ago, our newly appointed chairman of the China Securities Regulation Commission already give elaborate answers to that, so due to time constraints I will not spell them out here. Whether it is stock markets or bond and currency markets, they are after all markets, so we will continue to pursue market-oriented reform and establish a sound, legal framework for the operation of those markets. The government has the regulatory obligation, and we still need to improve our regulatory system in China. First, there needs to be full coverage of financial regulation, as we are seeing an increase in financial innovation products. Second, we need to step up coordination because all these financial markets and products are so highly interconnected, and such coordination must be authoritative. Third, responsibility must be matched with power; governments, departments and local authorities must perform their assigned possibilities conscientiously and promptly handle any possible latent risk, and also guard against moral hazards. Basically, we must sharpen our vision to exercise the most-effective regulation.

借這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)我還要強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，完善和改革金融監(jiān)管制度是一個(gè)過(guò)程，當(dāng)前各有關(guān)部門(mén)和地方還是要按照已定的職能履行職責(zé)，守土有責(zé)，絕不能有任何的松懈，而且還要總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，這也是保護(hù)好金融消費(fèi)者和投資者的合法權(quán)益，否則可就要拿你是問(wèn)了。謝謝！
Here, I want to emphasize that it will be a process for us to put in place a fully fledged financial regulatory regime, and in this process the various government departments and local authorities must continue to do a diligent job in performing their assigned responsibilities. Well, it is important, but we watch out for possible risks to ensure that the lawful rights and interests of investors and consumers will be upheld. I want to remind the various departments and local authorities that they must to do their job properly, otherwise they will be held accountable. Thank you.